海底能见度测量方法的研究

文中对半导体激光器进行调制,用分束平片将被调制的激光束分成透射光束和反射光束,透射光束作为探测光束,反射光束作为参考光束。同时,测量探测光束在前向散射区35毅角的散射光功率和参考光束的功率,用散射功率与参考光功率之比来计算角散射系数。激光器输出光功率波动时,探测光束和参考光束同步波动,散射光功率与参考光功率之比不受光源波动的影响。用2 滋m 石英颗粒作为散射源,对构建的装置进行测试。结果表明,角散射系数与石英微粒浓度成线性关系,相关系数为0. 99。双通道测量方式可以用于水底能见度的测量。     

基于光网靶的弹丸速度精确测量系统

设计开发了一套基于光网靶的高精度弹丸速度测试系统。系统采用3站式设计,可以测量出弹丸飞行速度的变化。信号处理单元采用了最新的CPLD模块,集信号放大、脉冲触发、触发计时和脉冲合成于一体。系统有效测试截面为100mm×100mm,设计测速范围50~4000m/s,测量误差小于0.1％,可以对直径15~100mm的弹丸速度进行测量。利用该系统成功测量了电磁轨道炮发射的弹丸速度。     

An Instrument to Measure Cutaneous Blood Flow Using the Doppler Shift of Laser Light

A system utilizing the Doppler shift of monochromatic laser light has been developed to measure blood flow in skin. Light from a low power (S mW) He-Ne laser is coupled into a quartz fiber and transmitted to the skin. This light is reflected from both the nonmoving tissues (reference beam) and moving red blood cells (Doppler shifted beam), received by a plastic fiber, and transmitted back to a photodiode where optical heterodyning occurs. The heterodyned output signal, which is proportional to the Doppler shift frequency, is amplified and both RMS and dc values obtained. The RMS value is weighted against the backscattered light intensity using the measured dc value as an index of total received power. This is used as the output flow velocity value.     

水下激光通信系统接收机倾角及位置对接收光功率的影响研究

采用蒙特卡洛方法建立了水下高斯光束传输仿真模型,基于该模型重点研究了接收机倾角和接收机位置对接收光功率的影响规律。仿真结果表明:在水下信道中,当接收机探测器阵面与激光出射角垂直时,接收光功率最大,随着接收机探测器阵面倾斜角度的增加,接收光功率逐渐减小;当接收机沿着Y轴方向正向移动时,且接收机在激光束的直径范围内时,接收光功率不变;当接收机在激光束的直径范围外时,接收光功率随着接收机偏离原点距离的增加而减小。仿真结果可为水下激光通信工程实践提供参考依据。     

In vivo Doppler shift measurements using multimode fiber-opticcatheters

A new fiber-optic catheter for in vivo blood-flow measurements has been developed. The catheter is designed to measure blood flow in both the forward (toward the catheter tip) and reverse (away from the catheter tip) flow directions. It consists of two multimode optical fibers with core diameter of 50 μm and cladding diameter of 125 μm. One fiber transmits the laser beam into blood and the other receives the backscattered light from the erythrocytes within the probe volume. In the flow experiment, it was found that the flow within the boundary layer is indeed laminar and, hence, the relationship between the Doppler shift frequencies and the flow velocities is linear, thereby making the linear calibration possible for predicting the free stream flow velocity. Plots of the maximum shift frequency (frequency at which the Doppler spectrum disappeared into the noise spectrum) against the flow velocities are found to be more linear in both the forward and reverse flow directions than that of the dominant shift frequency (frequency with the highest amplitude). These results were reaffirmed by the numerical flow simulation along the catheter side wall     

Return-beam-induced oscillations in self-coupled semiconductor lasers

When a stripe-geometry heterostructure GaAlAs laser is irradiated by its own output beam, oscillations in the 1?100 MHz range are generated in the laser, and the frequency f of the oscillation varies with the length 2L of the optical path of the beam returned as f = ?(c/2L), with ? ? 1, where c is the velocity of light.     

用纳秒激光在镜面不锈钢表面刻蚀微光栅结构

研究了利用波长为532 nm的激光二极管抽运全固态激光器(DPSSL),采用双光束干涉手段,在镜面不锈钢表面直接刻蚀形成微光栅结构(MGS)的方法。通过实验,分析了激光功率、光束口径、双光束干涉角与光栅槽深和占宽比之间的关系。利用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜(AFM)对实验结果的检测分析表明,在激光功率为45 mW,双光束干涉角为20°的条件下,得到光栅周期为1.34μm,槽深为300 nm的最佳微光栅结构。同时,在适当激光功率下,增加光栅周期,增加光束口径都能提高光栅槽深。     

亚声速横向球/柱流场对激光传输影响的数值模拟

采用大涡模拟的方法计算了来流速度为0.5~0.7 Ma情况下横向球/柱形结构附近的流场,给出了密度和光程差的统计结果,并采用相屏法研究了几种流场对激光传输的影响。结果表明:密度扰动均方根和光程差均方根随着来流速度和发射孔径的增加而增大;Ma从0.5增至0.7时,孔径为0.5 m情况下,密度扰动均方根增长了90%,孔径为0.25 m情况下,光程差均方根增长了90%;Ma=0.6情况下,孔径从0.25 m增加到0.75 m时,两个参数各增加了4倍。激光Strehl比随来流速度和发射孔径的增大而减小;发射孔径为0.25 m情况下,随着Ma从0.5增加至0.7,Strehl比从0.236下降至0.045;Ma=0.6情况下,发射孔径从0.25 m增加至0.75 m过程中,Strehl下降了90%。     

Microperforation with laser beam in the preparation of microelectrodes

Using a laser beam, spot perforations have been made in the vinyl lacquer insulation of tungsten microelectrodes. To develop the method, the effect of the diffraction of the laser beam on the diameter of the burning point and of the geometric and diffractive conditions in the focusing of the beam have been examined, taking into account the small diameter of the electrode (about 10-15 ?m) and the thinness of the insulating layer. Using the burning method described here, it has been possible to decrease the effective divergence angle of the laser beam so that the diameters of the holes which are formed on the electrode are mostly 2 ?m or less. The burning point of the laser beam can be localized with the developed optical method to a desired point on the electrode. The perforation has been performed in saline immersion-liquid to protect the objective and to test immediately formed holes electrolytically. The burning apparatus and method have been explained.     

Wavelength-division-multiplexed optical transmission system with single-mode fibre and a dual-wavelength hybrid laser light source

Wavelength-division-multiplexed optical fibre transmission over a 45km single-mode fibre using a hybrid dual-wavelength InP CSBH laser light source emitting at 1.3 ?m and 1.5 ?m has been demonstrated. This simple and economic system provides two distinct optical data channels without requiring electronic or optical multiplexing. Optical crosstalk was unobservable while operating the separate optical channels at 1.5 Gbit/s and 90 Mbit/s, respectively. The use of a single light source eliminates multiple fibre-to-source alignments, reducing transmitter packaging costs.     

新型激光投影显示方棒照明系统的设计

以非成像理论中光学扩展量的传递规律为依据,给出了激光二极管(LD)阵列作为光源的新型激光投影显示系统中方棒照明光路元器件尺寸及入射光束孔径角的确定方法。选用3×8红光LD阵列作为光源,0.45inch(1inch=25.4mm)硅基液晶(LCOS)芯片为空间光调制器(SLM),应用光学设计软件Zemax给出了方棒照明系统的设计实例,包括LD阵列光源光束整形系统、方棒匀光系统、方棒中继系统的设计。结果显示方棒照明系统具有较高的光能利用率及较好的光斑均匀性。由此得出较高光能传递质量的新型激光投影显示系统中方棒照明系统的设计方法。     

水平链路激光广播技术的功率传输方法与验证

当前传统点对点激光通信技术已经得到了长足进步,为了探索在有限范围内实现局域激光广播的有效手段,提出了一种适用于短距离水平链路激光广播的有效方法,设计了相应的验证性广播通信系统,并在光功率最优分配的角度上对激光广播进行了系统建模研究。首先,从光功率衰减的角度对激光扩束理论模型和平行光幕理论模型进行了分析和对比,揭示了平行光幕通信模型的光功率损失模型;其次,结合高斯光束光学成像变换理论模拟了平行光幕的远场场强分布情况,通过一个领先的光学和照明设计软件,揭示了光幕远场分布与传输距离的关系;最后,通过在不同信道环境下的野外通信实验验证了平行光幕理论模型的优越性与可行性。     

液体激光系统流场特性对热畸变的影响

液体介质的循环流动为消除激光系统的热效应提供了有效途径,对改善激光系统的光束质量具有重要意义.根据液体介质的流场特性,结合Fluent6.53软件模拟计算,分析了抽运区介质流速、湍流强度与附面层厚度、温度扰动的关系及时激光热畸变的影响.增大抽运区介质流速能有效减小热畸变和附面层厚度;在给定抽运条件下,采用光阑限孔的方法进一步减小热畸变,流速为20 m/s时的光程差(OPD)最人差值由 10个波长下降到5个波长.     

半导体激光器端面抽运Nd:Ti:LiNbO3波导激光器理论与分析

用光束传播法（Ｂｅａｍ Ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｎｇ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ）计算并分析了用半导体激光器端面抽运的１．０８４ μｍ ＮｄｖＴｉｖＬｉＮｂＯ３ 波导激光器输出功率的理论模型。用Ｎｄ３＋ 的原子复极化率来描述受激辐射光的增益与抽运光的吸收,且考虑到前进与后退光波的相互作用,给出激活媒质的粒子数空间反转分布,并修改了抽运吸收和受激辐射截面的取值,使之适用于半导体激光器从波导激光器端面抽运,计算值与实验值符合得很好。     

Means and verification of broadcast technology applied to laser transmission on horizontal link

At present, there has been great progress in the field of the point-to-point laser communication technology, in other words, the traditional laser communication technology has been advanced day by day. Furthermore, in order to search for an effective means of achieving localized laser broadcasting communication within a limited range, an effective method of horizontal link laser broadcasting communication is presented, and the corresponding verifiable broadcast communication system is designed. In addition, the laser broadcasting is systematically studied by one physical model built at the optimal distribution of optical power. First of all, the theoretical model of laser beam expansion and the theoretical model of parallel light curtain are made comparisons and analyzed from the angle of attenuation of optical power, and the optical power loss model of the parallel light curtain is established as a result. Secondly, combined with the theory of optical imaging transformation based on Gaussian beam, the field distribution of far field of parallel light curtain is simulated by one leading optical and illumination design software and the relation between the filed distribution of far field of light curtain and the distance of transmission is revealed. Finally, the superiority and feasibility of the parallel light curtain theory model are verified by field communication experiments in different information channels.     

宽发射面激光二极管光束整形系统的光学设计

宽发射面激光二极管作为泵浦源在全固态激光器中得到了广泛的应用,但由于快慢轴发散角太大和发光面的不对称,所以需要对其进行光束整形。针对发光面为1m（快轴）200m（慢轴）且远场光斑为矩形光斑的宽发射面激光二极管,分析了输出光束在平行于p-n结方向上光场（侧模）的多光丝分布特性。通过在ZEMAX非序列里,设置合理的光丝间隔、尺寸和以纵模为间隔的多个波长,模拟了与实际相符的远场光斑。利用圆柱透镜压缩激光二极管快轴发散角,再用自聚焦透镜进行聚焦,最后在离自聚焦透镜后端面1.8 mm处得到快慢轴方向长分别为0.15 mm0.17 mm的方形光斑,且快慢轴方向发散角分别为3.32.4。同时,通过实验逐步比较了光束通过每一个光学元件后光斑形状的变化和光强分布,结果表明:宽发射面激光二极管光束整形中,通过引入侧模光丝结构的矩形光斑模拟方法是可行的。     

激光仿真系统中非理想光源的模拟方法

利用数值仿真的方法对激光系统进行研究时,一般使用理想的平面波或高斯波作为光源,而实际的激光传输系统光源通常不满足理想光束的条件,甚至具有恶劣的光束质量,从而造成仿真结果与实验结果存在很大的偏差.从波像差与光束因子的关系出发,讨论了非理想光束的一种数值模拟方法.该方法使用等效相位屏作为光源的初始像差,等效相位屏的强度与待模拟光源的光束质量有关.将该方法分别应用到平面波和高斯波,根据给定的因子仿真出光源的光场,然后计算光场的因子并与设定值进行对比.结果表明:该方法可以准确的模拟出具有给定因子的光源.     

基于双轴锥镜的环形激光束整形

为了改善非稳腔高能激光系统的光束质量,提高发射光学系统口径的利用率,采用新型的可用于光学非稳腔输出环形光束的光学整形方法,通过在激光腔外的光路上增加光学元件对输出的环形激光束进行了整形变换。在理论分析的基础上,设计并加工了基于双轴锥镜的光束整形装置,针对非稳腔高能激光器输出的环形光束进行了整形实验,取得了与理论分析一致的数据。结果表明,采用双轴锥镜装置整形后的光束比原始光束具有更好的光束质量,光束束腰直径由45mm减小为32mm,光束质量因子M2由14减小到11.8。该方法用于光学非稳腔输出环形光束整形变换具有可行性。     

激光引信大视场小型化发射光学系统设计

由于受系统体积限制，目前激光引信大视场探测方式无法满足小型化结构简单的需求。针对激光引信弧矢方向无漏探测、子午方向窄视场探测的技术要求，提出了一种小型化大视场激光引信发射光学系统的设计方法，采用由三个管芯线型阵列排布的隧道结半导体激光器作为发射光源，合理选择光学视场空间布局方式，设计了三象限扇形轮流发射方式激光引信发射光学系统，其特点在于体积小、视场大、结构合理，装调简单，单路发射光学系统体积为8 mm8.2 mm15 mm，单路弧矢方向探测视场达120。设计的发射光学系统能够满足弹径为70 mm的便携式防空导弹激光引信大视场目标探测要求，解决了周视激光引信小型化的需求问题。     

Optical homodyne frequency domain reflectometer using an externalcavity semiconductor laser

An external cavity traveling-wave semiconductor ring laser with narrow linewidth is used as a light source for research in frequency domain reflectometry. The optical frequency of the laser is linearly chirped by an intra-cavity phase modulator. The time-delayed reflection signal is mixed with a reference signal to produce a microwave frequency that indicates the position of the reflection. For optical fiber measurement, a spatial resolution of 30 m and a one-way dynamic range of 28 dB for Rayleigh backscattered light have been achieved