基于DTPN的时间Petri网的组件级化简规则

时间Petrl网(TPNs)是实时系统时间特性常用的描述和验证的Petri网模型.组件级化简方法是TPN模型常用的分析方法,在保持外部可观察时间特性的前提下,将组件TPN模型化简成一个很简单的TPN模型.然而它却失去了组件内部的性质,如冲突和并发等性质.文中引人延迟时间Petri网(DTPN),通过组件TPN模型向DTPN模型转化,使化简后模型既保持外部可观察时间特性,又保持组件内部的冲突和并发等性质.为了分析化简后的DTPN模型,文中还提出了一种新的DT-PN调度分析方法.最后通过对一个C2系统的组件TPN模型的分析实例,验证该方法的有效性.     

Discrete Time Stochastic Petri Nets

Basic graph models of processes, such as Petri nets, have usually omitted the concept of time as a parameter. Time has been added to the Petri net model in two ways. The timed Petri net (TPN) uses a fixed number of discrete time intervals. The stochastic Petri net (SPN) uses an exponentially distributed random variable. In this paper, a discrete time stochastic Petri model is described. These discrete time SPN's fill the gap between TPN and normal SPN. However, the use of discrete time complicates the SPN model in that more than one transition may fire at a time step. Finally, an example of a live and bounded Petri net which has nonempty, disjoint, recurrent subsets of markings is given.     

Testing Equivalences of Time Petri Nets

Programming and Computer Software - In the paper, we study a family of testing equivalences in interleaving, partial-order semantics, and combined semantics in the context of safe time Petri nets...     

时间Petri网弱语义模型的形式化分析

时间Petri网存在强语义和弱语义两种模型,弱语义模型更适合建模和分析外部环境触发的冲突选择问题,但其形式语义和可达性分析方面的研究,却很少有人问津。利用带标号的变迁系统定义时间Petri网弱语义模型的形式语义,采用时间戳状态类方法分析它的可达性,并证明了可达性问题的可判性和状态类时间戳的全局时间性质。     

一种构造时间Petri网状态类的方法

提出一种基于全局时间的时间Petri网状态类构造方法——扩展时间戳状态类方法。该方法通过添加变迁的同步使能信息到时间戳状态类,并修改可实施条件和实施规则,解决了时间戳状态类方法中同步使能变迁的可实施性问题。     

时间Petri网分析工具的实现

时间Petri网是非常适合描述实时系统的模型工具,由于时间的复杂性因素使得它的可达性分析变得非常困难。该文在分析了基于全局时间变量的时间Petri网的可达性算法的基础上,采用OOP技术,实现了一个时间petri网的分析工具。     

Hybrid Functional Petri Nets as MP systems

In this work we give a formalization of Hybrid Functional Petri Nets, shortly HFPN, an extension of Petri Nets for biopathways modelling, and we compare them with Metabolic P Systems. An introduction to both the formalisms is given, together with highlights about respective similarities and differences. Their equivalence is thus proved by means of a theorem which holds under quite general hypotheses. The case study of the lac operon gene regulatory mechanism in the glycolytic pathway of Escherichia coli is modeled by an MP system which provides the same dynamics of an equivalent HFPN model.     

Reachability analysis of real-time systems using time Petri nets

Time Petri nets (TPNs) are a popular Petri net model for specification and verification of real-time systems. A fundamental and most widely applied method for analyzing Petri nets is reachability analysis. The existing technique for reachability analysis of TPNs, however, is not suitable for timing property verification because one cannot derive end-to-end delay in task execution, an important issue for time-critical systems, from the reachability tree constructed using the technique. In this paper, we present a new reachability based analysis technique for TPNs for timing property analysis and verification that effectively addresses the problem. Our technique is based on a concept called clock-stamped state class (CS-class). With the reachability tree generated based on CS-classes, we can directly compute the end-to-end time delay in task execution. Moreover, a CS-class can be uniquely mapped to a traditional state class based on which the conventional reachability tree is constructed. Therefore, our CS-class-based analysis technique is more general than the existing technique. We show how to apply this technique to timing property verification of the TPN model of a command and control (C2) system.     

Reduction of constraints for controller synthesis based on safe Petri Nets

In this paper, we present an efficient method based on safe Petri Nets to construct a controller. A set of linear constraints allows forbidding the reachability of specific states. The number of these so-called forbidden states, and consequently the number of constraints, are large and lead to a large number of control places. A systematic method to reduce the size and the number of constraints for safe Petri Nets is offered. By using a method based on Petri Net invariants, maximal permissive controllers are determined.     

State Observer for DES Under Partial Observation with Time Petri Nets

This paper deals with a state observation approach for Discrete Event Systems with a known behavior. The system behavior is modeled using a Time Petri Net model. The proposed approach exploits temporal constraints to assess the system state and therefore detect and determine faults given partial observability of events. The goal here is to track the system state and to identify the event scenarios which occur on the system. Our approach uses the class graph of the Time Petri Net which models the complete system behavior to develop a state observer which is a base to perform online fault detection and diagnosing.

基于时间Petri网的多处理机的调度算法

任务调度是并行分布式计算机中最有挑战性的问题之一。如何合理有效地进行任务调度将直接影响到系统的并行效率。文中通过将任务图转换为时间petri网的方法,利用求时间petri网的可覆盖树的方法来分析网系统的状态变化和变迁的发生序列,从而求出关键路径和顺序队列。再将该队列分配到处理机上,来缩短相关任务图的调度长度。     

基于Time Petri Nets的UML时序图分析

引入一种称为Clock的变迁,用来改进TPNs,讨论了如何将时序图转换为基于Clock变迁的TPNs,使这种TPNs能正确反映时序图的流程和时间约束。最后,利用普通Petri网的可达性分析技术对时序图模型进行了分析和验证。     

Compositional schedulability analysis of real-time systems using time Petri nets

This paper presents an approach to the schedulability analysis of real-time systems modeled in time Petri nets by separating timing properties from other behavioral properties. The analysis of behavioral properties is conducted based on the reachability graph of the underlying Petri net, whereas timing constraints are checked in terms of absolute and relative firing domains. If a specific task execution is schedulable, we calculate the time span of the task execution, and pinpoint nonschedulable transitions to help adjust timing constraints. A technique for compositional timing analysis is also proposed to deal with complex task sequences, which not only improves efficiency but also facilitates the discussion of the reachability issue with regard to schedulability. We identified a class of well-structured time Petri nets such that their reachability can be easily analyzed.     

基于时间Petri网的多处理机的调度算法

任务调度是并行分布式计算机中最有挑战性的问题之一。如何合理有效地进行任务调度将直接影响到系统的并行效率。文中通过将任务图转换为时间petri网的方法,利用求时间petri网的可覆盖树的方法来分析网系统的状态变化和变迁的发生序列,从而求出关键路径和顺序队列。再将该队列分配到处理机上,来缩短相关任务图的调度长度。     

时间Petri网的ECS-class可达性分析方法

时间Petri网(TPNs)是实时系统时间特性常用的描述和验证的Petri网模型,可达性分析是Petri网模型最基本分析方法.基于"状态类(State-class)"的可达性分析方法不能正确计算并发情况下的时间延迟,而基于"带时间戳的状态类(CS-class)"的可达性分析方法不能正确处理冲突情况下的事件调度,因此提出了"扩展的带时间戳的状态类(ECS-class)"可达性分析方法.它不仅正确的计算时间延迟,而且合理地调度事件.并对一个时间Petri网模型进行可达性分析验证.     

A Congruence for Petri Nets

We introduce a way of viewing Petri nets as open systems. This is done by considering a bicategory of cospans over a category of p/t nets and embeddings. We derive a labelled transition system (LTS) semantics for such nets using GIPOs and characterise the resulting congruence. Technically, our results are similar to the recent work by Milner on applying the theory of bigraphs to Petri Nets. The two main differences are that we treat p/t nets instead of c/e nets and we deal directly with a category of nets instead of encoding them into bigraphs.     

Reachability Problems and Abstract State Spaces for Time Petri Nets with Stopwatches

Several extensions of Time Petri nets (TPNs) have been proposed for modeling suspension and resumption of actions in timed systems. We first introduce a simple class of TPNs extended with stopwatches (SwTPNs), and present a semi-algorithm for building exact representations of the behavior of SwTPNs, based on the known state class method for Time Petri nets. Then, we prove that state reachability in SwTPNs and all similar models is undecidable, even when bounded, which solves an open problem. Finally, we discuss overapproximation methods yielding finite abstractions of their behavior for a subclass of bounded SwTPNs, and propose a new one based on a quantization of the polyhedra representing temporal information. By adjusting a parameter, the exact behavior can be approximated as closely as desired. The methods have been implemented, experiments are reported.     

Implementation of real-time distributed control for discrete event robotic systems using Petri nets

This article presents a systematic method of modeling and implementing real-time control for discrete-event robotic systems using Petri nets. Because, in complex robotic systems such as flexible manufacturing systems, the controllers are distributed according to their physical structure, it is desirable to realize real-time distributed control. In this article, the task specification of robotic processes is represented as a system control-level net. Then, based on the hierarchical approach, it is transformed into detailed subnets, which are decomposed and distributed into the local machine controllers. The implementation of real-time distributed control through communication between the system controller and the machine controllers on a microcomputer network is described for a sample robotic system. The proposed implementation method is sufficiently general, and can be used as an effective prototyping tool for consistent modeling, simulation, and real-time control of large and complex robotic systems.     

基于时间约束Petri网的工作流可调度性分析

引入时间参数控制工作流高效执行是工作流技术研究的重要内容之一。在工作流的Petri网模型中引入时间参数,不仅可以对工作流中的活动进行时间约束,而且能建立相应的工作流时间约束Petri网模型。文中在分析该模型的时间约束和可调度性的基础上,提出了对工作流可调度性分析验证方法及其相应的算法,最后通过一个实例说明了分析验证的过程。