An empirical study of TCP/IP performance over FR/ATM service interworking

This article outlines some basic performance characteristics of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) over Frame Relay/Asynchronous Transfer Mode (FR/ATM) Service Interworking. The conclusions are based on empirical TCP/IP performance test results collected on a FR/ATM Service Interworking testbed, architected with commercially available IP, FR, and ATM equipment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Architecture for interworking data over PCS

This article presents a new approach for wireless service providers to offer data services by taking advantage of the existing infrastructure for voice services and interworking with existing wireline-based data services. The article presents a framework: for interworking between any wireless radio system and any data application on the wireline network. The interworking is provided by a common interworking function that uses a generic interworking control protocol (ICP). Any radio system capable of using the ISDN-based C-interface and implementing ICP can take advantage of the proposed approach. ICP is a generic protocol and can be implemented using different networks. The article considers an ISDN network for the lower-layer transport of ICP. Though the article focuses on interworking with the PSTN and the Internet, the architecture also allows access to other data networks     

Voice service interworking for PSTN and IP networks

This article presents an overview of the main technical problems to be addressed for the provision of interoperable services between IP telephony and the PSTN. The pivotal element of the solution resides in an interworking function. This function is typically implemented in a gateway whose requirements and behavior are here analyzed in terms of signaling and control protocols (control plane) as well as user data transfer (user plane). The presentation is structured around these two planes. The control plane defines the set of signaling protocols to be used in each networking context and the translation between them. Detailed scenarios illustrate the signal translation in the gateway allowing for the establishment of a hybrid phone call. The user plane is responsible for adapting the user data to the properties of each network channel and determines the quality of service of the voice call in terms of delay and speech quality     

All‐IPv6 service interworking gateway

Improvements of inter‐operability, interface IP and dual mobility function must be investigated to move toward full IP and seamless multimedia applications. An All‐IPv6 service architecture that consists of cellular systems and Wireless LAN networks has been constructed. A GPRS/WLAN interworking gateway with an IPv6 facility has been designed and its performance examined in terms of queue length, system throughput, loss rate and delay. The results of the simulation of a 1 Mbps WLAN and 144 kbps GPRS interworking system show that: (1) the queue length is directly proportional to the traffic load (the length increases to 100 packets in 61 seconds at a rate of increase of around 50% per 30 seconds); (2) if the size of the queue is increased to 100 packets, then the loss rate declines to 0.017, (a longer queue corresponds to a lower loss rate); (3) the size of the queue only weakly influences the system throughput when the queue length is increased; and (4) the average delay is approximately 0.83 second/bit, when the queue size is 100 packets. The delay doubles as the queue size doubles. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Narrowband ISDN and broadband ISDN service and network interworking

For a significant period of time, B-ISDN will coexist with the 64-kb/s-based (narrowband) ISDN. The specification of a concept and the mapping functions employed for interworking between the two networks, in particular for voice services, is a major factor for the success of B-ISDN     

SS7 over IP: signaling interworking vulnerabilities

Public telephony - the preferred choice for two-way voice communication over a long time - has enjoyed remarkable popularity for providing acceptable voice quality with negligible connection delays, perhaps due to its circuit-switched heritage. Recently, IP telephony, a packet-based telephone service that runs as an application over the IP protocol, has been gaining popularity. To provide seamless interconnectivity between these two competing services, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has designed a signaling interface commonly referred to as SIGTRAN. This seamless intersignaling provided by SIGTRAN facilitates any subscriber in one network to reach any other subscriber in the other network, passing through any heterogeneous maze of networks consisting of either of these. Unfortunately, the same intersignaling potentially can be exploited from either side to disrupt the services provided on the other side. We show how this can be done and propose a solution based on access control, signal screening, and detecting anomalous signaling. We argue that to be effective, the latter two should consider syntactic correctness, semantic validity of the signal content, and the appropriateness of a particular signal in the context of earlier exchanged messages     

Evaluation of authentication interworking methods among multiple WLAN service providers

The interworking technologies to combine multiple WLANs into a single virtual system have not been studied extensively, particularly for legacy wireless networks. In this paper, we study how to provide the inter‐domain authentication among multiple WLAN service providers with minimum overhead. We introduce five inter‐domain authentication methods, referred to as Info‐Sharing, AP‐Seq, AP‐Con, AS‐Seq and AS‐Con, which are designed in the form of an extension to the standard IEEE 802.1x and EAP protocols. In order to evaluate these methods, we compare their authentication time, implementation cost, confidentiality, flexibility and increment of messages. From the evaluation with analysis and experiments, we show that the AS‐Con method can provide the authentication interworking function with minimal overhead on legacy network equipments. Also it is shown that, even though the authentication of AS‐Con takes longer than the previous method, their difference is under one second and insensitive to users. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transparent bridging support for Bluetooth–IP service interworking

A PC‐based transparent gateway for interconnecting Bluetooth Piconets and IP local area networks (LAN) was designed in our research. The essential function of this designed Bluetooth‐IP gateway is to achieve a seamless integration among home appliances, networking elements and multi‐systems using the address resolution protocol (ARP) and connection management scheme. The key techniques developed, as well as the performance analysis in terms of queue length, loss rate, throughput and transmission delay are explored in this research. The results allow us to determine the value of the optimal command and infer the maximum queue length requirements such that the service quality is kept at an acceptance level. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel congestion control model for interworking AAA in heterogeneous networks

In the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) and wireless local area network (WLAN) interworking networks, 3GPP authentication, authorization, accounting (AAA) server located in 3GPP core network will be responsible for the AAA request from WLAN access network (AN). However, centralized AAA deployment is bound to give rise to the single point failure, resulting in system congestion. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a novel congestion control model for AAA. In addition, through analyzing the model, the conclusion can be drawn that the average congestion rate of extensible authentication protocol (EAP) user request is related with factors, such as the arrival rate of EAP request, the number of EAP re-authentication, and the system buffer queue length. Finally, the simulation results show that EAP request arrival rate is directly proportional to the congestion rate, and when the number of EAP re-authentication and system buffer queue length are fixed, the number of corresponding user authentication vectors should be directly proportional to the EAP request arrival rate, so as to ensure the average congestion rate of EAP request is less than 0.005.     

多媒体消息服务

MMS是3GPP规范中定义的移动数据业务,它利用WAP协议作承　载,短消息作通知,用户可以像使用短消息一样收发更加个性化的多媒　体消息,如:文本、图形、图像、音频、视频、动画、音乐等信息内容。　 多媒体消息服务要求一个WAP/PUSH代理网关、适用于大量信息传　输的配置、一个数据传输网如电路交换网、GPRS或UMTS网络,和一个　短消息中心。MMS业务以WAP作承载,短消息作提示通知,纯属应用层　业务。多媒体信息中心（MMS-C）并不直连核心移动网络,而是通过HTTP PAP（PushAccessProtocol）连接WAP网关,SMPP连接SMS-C。 　 多媒体消息服务并不依赖于哪一代网络,它能够在第2代、第2.5代　及第3代无线网络中实施。无论CSD、HCSD,还是EDGE、GPRS、UMTS,　都可以支持MMS业务。鉴于网络带宽、传输速度和移动终端方面考虑,　MMS业务将在当前GPRS网络上起飞,在未来3G网络中走向成熟。 　当前MMS手机支持以下几种业务方式:手机端到端双向收发　MMS;手机到E-mail双向收发MMS;Web向手机下发MMS。     

Enhancing IP service provision over heterogeneous wirelessnetworks: a path toward 4G

Second-generation mobile radio systems have been deployed successfully worldwide and have evolved to higher data rates and services. Third-generation mobile radio systems are currently starting to be developed in different regions of the world. Today, the open question is how the third-generation systems will evolve. It is very likely that fourth-generation systems will not be a single standardized air interface, but a set of different technologies and standards. In particular, wireless LAN/wireless PAN type systems are designed for high/medium-data-rate access, low range, and, in general, low mobility. They are applicable to corporate networks and public access as a complement to cellular mobile radio systems for hot spot applications such as airports, hotels, and campuses. In this specific WLAN/WPAN framework and to guarantee an agreed QoS provision over such infrastructures, we propose a solution based on the wireless adaptation layer approach. In particular, aspects related to wireless link impairments and traffic requirements are approached by the implementation of configurable, modular software that is adapted to the specific conditions and needs of the particular wireless infrastructures     

QoS-supporting video streaming system with minimum data service cost over heterogeneous wireless networks

This paper presents a video streaming system that supports quality-of-service by effectively consolidating multiple physical paths in a cost-effective way over heterogeneous wireless networks. In the proposed system, the fountain encoding symbols of compressed video data are transmitted through multiple physical paths concurrently to overcome the limitation of single path transmission and harmonize multiple physical paths with diverse characteristics effectively, and the number of transmitted packets is determined by considering the requested quality-of-service of video streaming and the data service cost. The proposed system is fully implemented in Java and C/C++, and tested over real WLAN and LTE networks. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed system.     

QoS and service interworking using constraint route labeldistribution protocol (CR-LDP)

Introducing quality of service features to the IP/TCP protocol suite has become a hot topic of research in both industry and academia. Several architectures have been proposed for QoS support at the network layer (layer 3 in the OSI model). Both integrated services and differentiated services architectures are examples of QoS models that are implementable at the IP layer. Another development at the IETF is the work related to traffic engineering using multiprotocol label switching. While traffic engineering covers a wide range of topics, QoS support is recognized as one of its necessary features. This article describes the QoS features of the constraint-route label distribution protocol and how they can be efficiently utilized to achieve service interworking between a number of different networking technologies     

基于Internet互联的多媒体通信

本分析了Internet对多媒体通信的发展所起的推进作用，介绍了基于Internet的会议，会话，检索，分配，消费和收集等多媒体业务以及网络层次，业务层次，综合多媒体多端的互联技术。     

Multimedia adaptation for the multimedia messaging service

This article provides an overview of the multimedia messaging service. It also addresses the interoperability challenges this new service brings as mobile terminal capabilities evolve at a very fast pace. It explains how server-side multimedia message adaptation technologies can provide smooth format and service evolution while ensuring interoperability.     

Integrated service discovery architecture for heterogeneous networks

The discovery and management of desired network services present significant challenges for mobile networks. Based on the Service Location Protocol, this paper proposes an integrated service discovery architecture for vehicular ad hoc networks. The proposed approach divides the network into several logical zones. The zone structure is formed virtually based on position information. Each logical zone may have a zone directory agent to manage registered services from service providers. The proposed architecture considers both vehicle‐to‐infrastructure and vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication modes and introduces roadside directory agents and vehicle directory agents to reduce deployment costs. We also introduce a substitute query technique, cache mechanism, and backup mechanism to improve the request hit ratio and reduce the message overhead of the substitute query. Finally, we implement the proposed mechanisms in Network Simulator version 2, with simulation results showing that the proposed architecture can provide a high average data hit ratio and low message overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用有线电视网构筑多媒体信息高速公路

宽带IP技术与具有“最后一公里“宽带接入优势的有线电视网结合是目前建立低成本、平民化“高速多媒体通信基础网“的最佳选择,面对这难得的发展契机,广电人应用战略性的眼光看待这场由技术革命推动的经济革命,尽快占领市场扩充实力,构筑起这条通向亿万家庭的信息高速公路.     

Multimedia services over digital subscriber lines

We study the problem of reliable and yet efficient multimedia communications over asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) through joint consideration of compression/coding and channel transmission techniques. The transmission of digital multimedia data requires the existing systems to be augmented with functions that can handle not only ordinary (nonmultimedia) data. In addition, the high volume of multimedia data can be handled efficiently only if all available system resources are carefully optimized. We consider the special characteristics of ADSL channels to formulate optimization criteria. We present a system where the encoder consists of a layer coder that divides and compresses the source data into coded layers of multimedia data with different performance and quality-of-service requirements. The encoded bit streams are then transmitted over a noisy channel, where channel noise may distort the data. The decoder removes all the coding and compression applied in the encoder to obtain as close as possible the original data. It is conceivable that for such a system the loss of information occurs not only during the source compression but also in the channel transmission. The source coding scheme and bit stream arrangement have a direct impact on the channel distortion. Therefore, the joint consideration of source/channel coding design is ideal to reduce the overall information loss