Continuous electromagnetic separation of inclusion from aluminum melt using alternating current

A novel scheme about the continuous electromagnetic purification of aluminum melt was put forward based on the utilization of a square separation pipe and a 50 Hz alternating current to produce electromagnetic force. It is experimentally found that with electrical current of 400 A/cm^2, it takes only 10 s to remove 95% inclusion from aluminum melt. Comprehensive numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the dynamics mechanisms behind the process. The results show that the removal of inclusion is attributed to the cooperative effects of electromagnetic buoyancy and the secondary flow induced by the rotational electromagnetic force, and the removal efficient increases with the size of inclusion and the electrical current imposed. Theoretical predictions on the distribution and removal efficiency of inclusion were supported by the experiments.     

某三层PE埋地钢管管体的腐蚀原因

通过管体外观检查、土壤环境测试、阴极保护与交直流干扰检测、腐蚀产物分析等方法,对某埋地钢管3PE防腐蚀层缺陷处管体的腐蚀情况及其成因进行了分析。结果表明:防腐蚀层缺陷处管体的腐蚀形貌与交流腐蚀类似,且该管线与电气化铁路交叉穿越,腐蚀点处最大交流电流密度达到100A/m2,发生交流腐蚀的可能性较大。     

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD REMOVE INCLUSIONS FROM ALUMINUM MELT IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

Electromagnetic separation of non-metallic inclusions from Al-Si melt is studied by theoretical analysis and experiments on self-designed electromagnetic separation apparatus. Metallographs and LECO Image Analysis System were used to analyze the content of alumina in aluminum alloy before and after electromagnetic separation. It is seen that removal effciency increases with the increase of electromagnetic force (EMF) and diameter of inclusion particles while decreases with the increase of melt velocity and height of separator. All alumina particles with diamete of 14μm have been removed successfully from the melt.     

圆坯凝固末端电磁搅拌电磁场的数值模拟

以某厂圆坯凝固末端电磁搅拌器为研究对象,建立了圆坯凝固末端电磁搅拌的三维数学模型。利用有限元软件ANSYS对电磁场的分布规律进行了数值模拟,研究了不同工艺参数对磁感应强度和电磁力分布规律的影响。研究结果表明：当电流频率为8 Hz,电流强度从100 A增加到400 A时,搅拌器中心处的磁感应强度从19.5 mT提高到77.9 mT,中心横截面上切向电磁力的最大值从115 N/m3提高到1 837 N/m3。当电流强度为300 A,电流频率从4 Hz增加到12 Hz时,搅拌器中心处的磁感应强度从60.3 mT下降到55.6 mT,中心横截面上切向电磁力的最大值从550.2 N/m3提高到1 501.8 N/m3。     

不锈钢连铸中间包内夹杂物去除行为数值模拟

针对中间包连铸过程中夹杂物的存在易导致铸坯出现质量缺陷的问题,以不锈钢连铸中间包为研究对象,通过数值模拟方法研究了控流装置、夹杂物密度以及夹杂物尺寸等参数对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律。研究结果表明,在设置堰坝和湍流控制器中间包内,密度为2 700 kg/m3,粒径为5 μm的夹杂物去除率为63.32%,而150 μm的大尺寸夹杂物去除率可达到89.04%。当夹杂物粒径为10~50 μm,密度为2 700~4 500 kg/m3时,夹杂物密度对夹杂物去除率影响较小。无控流装置中间包时,夹杂物在顶渣层呈以中心纵截面对称的分布;设置堰坝中间包时,挡渣堰坝两侧出现了70 μm以上夹杂物密集区;设置堰坝组合湍流控制器中间包时,夹杂物主要被限制在中间包第一腔室自由液面,研究结果对于进一步发挥不锈钢连铸过程中的中间包冶金功能具有指导意义。     

Grinding characteristics of diamond film using composite electro-plating in-process sharpening method

To finish a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond film surface, composite electro-plating is introduced during the grinding process to sharpen the grinder, a method named as composite electro-plating in-process sharpening (CEPIS). In the grinding process, the grinder for the cathode and the nickel plate for the anode are connected to a DC power supply and immersed in an electrolyte solution containing diamond particles of 10 μm in size so that metal ions with diamond particles are deposited onto the grinder in process to expose fresh sharp grains. Results show that the removal rate of the diamond film increases with increasing current density. The removal rate of the diamond film at a current density of 7.5 ASD is 3.8 times higher than at 0 ASD as in the traditional grinding method. Based on the experimental results of the observations of the coated surface of the grinder and the variations in the coating thickness, a sharpening mechanism for the CEPIS method is deduced. This mechanism allows the coating thickness of the grinder to be increased with grinding time using the CEPIS method. The higher removal capability is achieved due to the higher active grit density.     

Effect of electromagnetic stirring in mold on the macroscopic quality of high carbon steel billet

An industrial plant trial for optimizing the process parameters in a round billet continuous casting mold with electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) was performed, in which the influences of stirring parameters with M-EMS on the solidification macrostructure of high carbon steel were investigated. The results show that the billet quality is not well controlled under the condition of working current and frequency with EMS, in which the subsurface crack of grade 1.0-2.0 ups to 38.09%, the central pipe of grade 1.0-1.5 reaches to 14.28%, and the central porosity of grade 1.5 is 14.29%. The parameters of current 260 A and frequency 8 Hz as the final optimum scheme has a remarkable effect for improving the macroscopic quality of billet, in which the subsurface crack, central pipe and skin blowhole are all disappeared, and the central porosity and carbon segregation are also well improved.     

Effect of electric current on the cast micro-structure of Al-Si alloy

1. IntroductionRecently,much work has been contributed to study theeffect of electromagnetic field on the properties of castaluminum alloy. Results of CUI indicated that the meltingpoint of aluminum alloys was changed. The melting pointof aluminum alloy, such as Al-Cu alloy, decreased inmagnetostatic field, and increased in alternating magneticfield. Results of BAN showed that the solute content ofalloying element increased as electromagnetic fieldapplied during solidification. Electromagn…     

Similarity of Mold Metallurgy

The governing equations for hydrodynamics and electromagnetism can be described by a general differential equation, which involves, in convective terms, diffusion and source. The finite-volume method, which has been widely applied in the field of computational fluid dynamics, is introduced to solve the magnetohydrodynamics equations. Numerical results show that the spatial distribution of flow field, temperature field, inclusion concentration field, and inclusion number density field are similar. All of them have the upper and lower recirculation region. But the electromagnetic field follows another rule: the symmetric static magnetic field and the symmetric flow field produce the asymmetric induced current density field and the symmetric electromagnetic force.     

四种交流排流器服役性能对比

利用实验室测试和现场测试相结合的方法对比研究了国内外四种交流排流器的服役性能。通过实验室直流伏安特性测试和交流伏安特性测试,分别获得了四种交流排流器的直流阀值电压、直流漏流量以及交流阻抗,并利用现场测试对该结果进行了验证。通过现场测试获得了四种交流排流器对管道阴极保护电位和阳极地床交流缓解效果的影响规律和作用机制。     

电磁过滤钢液中非金属夹杂物的运动速度和去除效率的理论分析

电磁过滤原理是根据非金属夹杂物与熔体导电性的差异,在电磁场作用下非金属夹杂物与熔体的运动规律不同,使非金属夹杂物与熔体分离,经流体力学分析、采用柱塞流及轨线模型研究电磁过滤水平流动钢液中非金属夹杂物的运动速度和去除效率,结果表明,非金属夹杂物的去除效率随着熔体流速（u)和过滤器的高度（2h)的降低而增加;随着电磁力（f)、电磁力作用区长度（x)和非金属夹杂物的粒径（dp)的增加而增加,经分析表明,采用电磁过滤法可有效去除粒径小于10um的非金属夹杂物,该模型可用来设计过滤器的结构和确定电磁过滤工艺参数,为电磁去除钢液中的非金属夹杂物技术的工业应用提供理论基础。     

直流偏置电流对钴基非晶带环形磁芯巨磁阻抗效应的影响

将近零磁致伸缩系数的Co66.3Fe3.7Si12B18非晶薄带卷成环形后,在200Gs横磁场作用下,用密度为25A/mm2的脉冲电流退火30s,在穿过环形薄带圆心的直流电流产生的圆周磁场作用下的巨磁阻抗效应.激励电流频率f＞100kHz时,阻抗随圆周磁场的变化呈现对称双峰曲线;最大阻抗变化率（GMI）max随频率的升高而增大,当频率f=2MHz,幅值Ip=10mA时,（GMI）max=57%.直流偏置电流改变了非晶带横向磁导率,造成阻抗变化的不对称.偏置电流较小时,阻抗变化曲线的一边峰值得到加强,另一边峰值减弱;偏置电流较大时,两峰值都被削弱.阻抗变化的不对称性与激励电流的频率和直流偏置电流大小有紧密联系.     

埋地钢质管道交流干扰测试与评价

高压交流输电线路及交流电气化铁路对与其临近铺设的埋地钢质管道会引起交流干扰,产生交流腐蚀,并对阴极保护系统的安全运行带来不利影响。因此,埋地钢质管道中交流干扰的检测与评估是必要的。国内外对于埋地金属管道受交流干扰的测试与分析,主要围绕交流干扰电压、交流电流密度、腐蚀速率等参数的测试来开展。在交流干扰及阴极保护有效性评价方面,国外以交流电流密度及交/直流电流密度比为主要参量。本工作通过对交流干扰下的管地电位信号时频特征研究,得出管地电位信号时频特征与交流干扰源频率存在一致性,为检测和判定埋地钢质管道上的交流干扰提供了一定的依据。     

Composition and Morphologies of Electrodeposited Zinc- nickel-manganese Coatings

A ternary alloy of Zn-Ni-Mn was electrodeposited onto mild steel from a sulphate-citrate bath containing boric and ascorbic acid using both pulse and direct current (DC). The relationships between current density, current efficiency and composition were investigated. Thickness measurements, current efficiency calculations, and compositional analysis using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and SEM characterisation, were undertaken. It was possible to produce an alloy containing up to 10% Ni and 6% Mn. The nickel underwent anomalous co-deposition and the manganese regular co-deposition. Both DC and pulse electrodeposition showed an increase in the Mn and Ni percentage as the applied current density was increased. DC electrodeposition tended to produce higher nickel and manganese contents.     

埋地钢质管道交流杂散电流腐蚀规律研究

通过室内模拟实验建立了交流电流密度与破损面积、土壤电阻率、交流干扰电压以及防腐层电阻率之间的数学模型,从而间接获取交流电流密度,并研究了交流电流密度对腐蚀速率的影响。通过CDEGS软件模拟仿真,得到了并行长度、电流等级、距离、土壤电阻率等参数对交流干扰沿管道分布的作用。结果表明,破损面积、交流干扰电压、土壤电阻率、防腐层电阻率对交流杂散电流密度具有显著的影响。电流密度小于3 mA/cm²时,交流电流腐蚀危害性很小;在3~10 mA/cm²时,腐蚀危害性较大;大于10 mA/cm²时,交流腐蚀危害性很大。     

Anodising as pre-treatment before organic coating of extruded and cast aluminium alloys

Anodising has been investigated as a replacement for chromating as pre-treatment prior to organic coating of aluminium. Both AC and DC anodising gave filiform corrosion properties that were comparable to chromated samples. A correlation between filiform corrosion performance and cathodic properties of converted surface was found. Chromating and hot AC anodising gave significant reduction in cathodic current density. The reduction is due to chromium oxide covering intermetallic particles after chromating, while iron rich intermetallics normally acting as cathodic sites were removed by hot AC anodising.     

氮化硅陶瓷磨削表面质量的建模与预测

目的提升氮化硅陶瓷加工质量和效率,提高粗糙度模型预测精度。方法提出塑性与塑-脆性去除转变临界切深hc1和塑-脆性与脆性转变临界切深hc2,然后对原有模型进行修正,并引入塑性去除粗糙度修正系数φ1、τ1和塑-脆性去除粗糙度修正系数φ2、τ2,建立基于不同去除方式的粗糙度Ra预测模型,后通过磨削实验对系数进行求解,并得出磨削参数对粗糙度和表面形貌的影响。结果塑性去除粗糙度修正系数φ1=5.872×10^-6、τ1=0.1094,塑-脆性去除粗糙度修正系数φ2=1.299×10^-5、τ^2=0.1582。砂轮线速度vs由30 m/s增大到50 m/s,粗糙度Ra由0.366μm减小到0.266μm,去除方式由脆性断裂向塑性变形转变,表面质量变好。磨削深度ap由5μm增大到45μm,粗糙度Ra由0.252μm增大到0.345μm,去除方式由塑性变形向脆性断裂转变,表面质量变差。工件进给速度vw由1000 mm/min增大到9000 mm/min,粗糙度Ra由0.227μm增大到0.572μm,去除方式由塑性变形向脆性断裂转变,表面质量变差。模型预测值与实验值的相对误差δ在2.1%~8%之间。结论在加工中应控制磨削深度和工件进给速度,适当提高砂轮线速度,以保证加工精度和效率。基于不同去除方式的粗糙度预测模型,可较为精准地预测实际加工情况。     

采用锌粉喷吹技术从熔融铅中除银(英文)

采用锌粉喷吹技术从Pb-Ag合金中除银。所用锌粉粒径分别为3.55,44.4和734.8μm,以氮气为输送气体,通过从顶部插入的一根喷管喷入熔体中。实验结果表明,采用粒径为44.4μm的锌粉时,银的去除率最高,而采用较小粒径的锌粉时去除率最低。X射线衍射分析表明,采用粒径为44.4和734.8μm的锌粉时,生成的渣中存在AgZn相,这与SEM-EDS分析结果相吻合。根据喷吹进入熔体中锌粉的熔化时间和沉降时间,对实验现象进行了解释。     

汽车齿轮钢8620RH连铸坯中夹杂物研究

利用扫面电镜分析汽车齿轮钢8620RH连铸坯中氧化物夹杂的形貌和化学成分,结合具体的生产工艺,确定直径尺寸不小于25 μm的球状夹杂物是导致圆材B类夹杂物超标的主要原因,且此类夹杂物来源于炉渣。从提高精炼过程夹杂物去除效果和防止非稳态连铸过程卷渣,提高中包去除夹杂物能力等方面制定改善措施。     

Removal of cadmium from cadmium-contaminated red soils using electrokinetic soil processing

1 INTRODUCTIONElectrokinetic soil processing(ESP) is one ofthe newly developed techniques for the remediationof soils . It use low-level direct current of cross-sectional area betweenthe electrodes placedin soilsto be treated[1]. Three transport phenomena ,elec-trophoresis , electroosmosis and electromigration,will occur in soils when an electric field is appliedto a soil system[2]. Contaminants in fine-grainedsoils can be transported toward the anode or cath-ode by means of the electrom…