Numerical Investigation of the Superimposed Effects on Stator Wake Oscillation in an Axial-radial Combined Compressor ZHAO Ben,YANG Ce,HU Liangjun,ZHOU Mi and ZHANG Jizhong简

The superimposed influences of the blade rows in a multistage compressor are important because different matches of upstream and downstream blades can result in significant differences in the stator wake oscillation. Numerical inves- tigation of the axial stator wake oscillation, which is affected upstream by the axial rotor and downstream by the radial rotor, was performed in an axial-radial combined compressor. Many configurations with different blade numbers and locations, which influence axial stator wake oscillation were investigated. When rotors have equal blade numbers, the axial stator wake oscillates periodically versus time within time T （moving blade passing 1/3 revolution）. In contrast, stator wake oscillates irregularly within T when rotors have different blade numbers. A model-split subtraction method is presented in order to separate the influences of the individual blade rows on the wake oscillation of the axial stator. Analysis from the rotor-stator configuration showed that the unsteady flow angle fluctuation response is caused by the upstream rotor. For the rotor-stator-rotor configuration, the unsteady flow angle fluctuations are influenced by up- and downstream blade rows. With the model-split subtraction method, the up- and downstream influences on the flow angle fluctuation could be clearly separated and quantified. Low amplitudes could be observed when the influences from up- and downstream moving rows were superimposed with the ＂positive peak- negative peak＂ type wave. Clocking investi- gations were carried out to change the relative superimposed phase of influences from the surrounding blade rows in or- der to modulate the amplitudes of the axial stator wake oscillation. However, the amplitudes did not reach the maximum when they were superimposed with ＂positive peak-positive peak＂ type wave due to the impact of the interaction between the two moving blade rows.     

The change of the inlet geometry of a centrifugal compressor stage and its influence on the compressor performance

The impact on the compressor performance is important for designing the inlet pipe of the centrifugal compressor of a vehicle turbocharger with different inlet pipes. First, an experiment was performed to determine the compressor performance from three cases: a straight inlet pipe, a long bent inlet pipe and a short bent inlet pipe. Next, dynamic sensors were installed in key positions to collect the sign of the unsteady pressure of the centrifugal compressor. Combined with the results of numerical simulations, the total pressure distortion in the pipes, the pressure distributions on the blades and the pressure variability in the diffuser are studied in detail. The results can be summarized as follows: a bent pipe results in an inlet distortion to the compressor, which leads to performance degradation, and the effect is more apparent as the mass flow rate increases. The distortion induced by the bent inlet is not only influenced by the distance between the outlet of the bent section and the leading edge of the impeller but also by the impeller rotation. The flow fields in the centrifugal impeller and the diffuser are influenced by a coupling effect produced by the upstream inlet distortion and the downstream blocking effect from the volute tongue. If the inlet geometry is changed, the distributions and the fluctuation intensities of the static pressure on the main blade surface of the centrifugal impeller and in the diffuser are changed accordingly.     

Investigation on inlet recirculation characteristics of double suction centrifugal compressor with unsymmetrical inlet

The inlet recirculation characteristics of double suction centrifugal compressor with unsymmetrical inlet structures were studied in numerical method, mainly focused on three issues including the amounts and differences of the inlet recirculation in different working conditions, the circumferential non-uniform distributions of the inlet recirculation, the recirculation velocity distributions of the upstream slot of the rear impeller. The results show that there are some differences between the recirculation of the front impeller and that of the rear impeller in whole working conditions. In design speed, the recirculation flow rate of the rear impeller is larger than that of the front impeller in the large flow range, but in the small flow range, the recirculation flow rate of the rear impeller is smaller than that of the front impeller. In different working conditions, the recirculation velocity distributions of the front and rear impeller are non-uniform along the circumferential direction and their non-uniform extents are quite different. The circumferential non-uniform extent of the recirculation velocity varies with the working conditions change. The circumferential non-uniform extent of the recirculation velocity of front impeller and its distribution are determined by the static pressure distribution of the front impeller, but that of the rear impeller is decided by the coupling effects of the inlet flow distortion of the rear impeller, the circumferential unsymmetrical distribution of the upstream slot and the asymmetric structure of the volute. In the design flow and small flow conditions, the recirculation velocities at different circumferential positions of the mean line of the upstream slot cross-section of the rear impeller are quite different, and the recirculation velocities distribution forms at both sides of the mean line are different. The recirculation velocity distributions in the cross-section of the upstream slot depend on the static pressure distributions in the intake duct.     

多级高负荷轴流压气机出口总温分布特征研究

采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法对某十级高负荷高压压气机末级总温分布规律及产生机理进行了详细的分析和阐述。结果表明：压气机末级静叶出口总温在径向和周向的分布均呈现出较明显的非均匀分布,在径向上表现为叶根和叶尖区域总温高而叶中区域总温低的分布特征,在周向上表现为主流区总温低而尾迹区总温高的分布特征;径向总温分散度沿压气机末级静叶往下游发展过程中呈现逐渐降低的变化趋势,而周向总温分散度则呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势;压气机末级静叶入口总温径向不均匀分布及大弓形静叶设计产生的“C”型径向压力分布特征是导致压气机出口总温周向不均匀分布的根本原因。     

Clocking Effect in a Two-Stage Compressor with Different Inter-Blade-Row Gaps

A multi-stage axial compressor has inherently unsteady flow fields because of the following main reasons: (1) relative positions between rotor and stator airfoil; (2) the buildup of converted wakes lead to complex wake/wake and wake/airfoil interactions. The distributions of the potential flows and wakes in the flow passage are depended on the relative positions of blade rows in axial and circumference direction, so variations in the relative axial positions (axial gap) and circumferential positions (clocking effect) of stators or rotors can change these distributions, leading to different compressor efficiency. The current study presents the experimental/numerical result of a low-speed axial compressor, considering the combined effects of stator clocking and variation of axial gaps. Testing was conducted in Two-Stage Axial Compressor Facility in Harbin Institute of Technology. In the test, time averaged data were collected. The results of experimental and time accurate flow calculation for 2 axial gaps, 8 clocking positions for each gap are compared. It is shown that clocking determines the degree of interaction of a stator with the wake of another upstream stator for different gaps between the blade rows.     

双离心压气机共用单一进气歧管致 进口流场畸变的仿真分析

针对V型发动机的共用单一管路对置离心压气机进口流场畸变特性进行了研究,通过台架试验测试了初始压气机性能,完成了仿真模型的标定。在此基础上分析了压气机进口流场的变化特征,分析结果表明:共用单一管路对压气机特性影响明显,造成了两侧压气机堵塞流量的降低,在大流量工况区域效率明显下降,右侧压气机恶化程度要明显高于左侧。原因在于受安装位置空间限制,喉口处畸变扩展与进口周向畸变叠加效应使得右侧压气机在周向和叶高方向的畸变程度均高于左侧压气机。进口的畸变效应会一直持续至压气机叶轮内部,使压气机性能变差。     

分流叶片周向位置设计及其对离心叶轮内部流动的影响

利用计算流体力学软件,对某高压比、高转速、小流量离心式压气机的半开式叶轮内部三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟研究。重点分析了分流叶片周向位置对叶轮内部流动和性能的影响,提出了适合此半开式离心叶轮分流叶片周向位置的设计方案。结果表明：分流叶片不同周向位置对流场影响明显,当分流叶片偏向长叶片吸力面侧时,叶轮流道内低速区增大,流动分布不均匀。研究还发现：固定分流叶片进口而将出口位置向长叶片压力面侧偏置,可以改善叶轮内部流动情况,提高叶轮性能。     

进口畸变下涡流发生器对压气机流场的影响

为研究进口总压畸变条件下涡流发生器对压气机流场的影响,建立单级轴流压气机模型,计算和分析了不同工况下的压气机内部流场.计算结果显示:在进口畸变条件下,压气机流场恶化,性能降低;使用涡流发生器后,可以有效改善静叶叶根附近的流场,控制叶片尾缘分离,降低沿叶高方向的压力波动,从而削弱进口畸变对效率的负面影响,改善出口压力场,...     

Numerical study on the influence mechanism of inlet distortion on the stall margin in a transonic axial rotor

A numerical study is conducted to investigate the influence of inlet flow condition on tip leakage flow (TLF) and stall margin in a transonic axial rotor.A commercial software package FLUENT,is used in the simulation.The rotor investigated in this paper is ND_TAC rotor,which is the rotor of one-stage transonic compressor in the University of Notre Dame.Three varied inlet flow conditions are simulated.The inlet boundary condition with hub distortion provides higher axial velocity for the incoming flow near tip region than that for the clean inflow,while the incoming main flow possesses lower axial velocity near the tip region at tip distortion inlet boundary condition.Among the total pressure ratio curves for the three inlet flow conditions,it is found that the hub dis-torted inlet boundary condition improves the stall margin,while the tip distorted inlet boundary condition dete-riorates compressor stability.The axial location of interface between tip leakage flow (TLF) and incoming main flow (MF) in the tip gap and the axial momentum ratio of TLF to MF are further examined.It is demonstrated that the axial momentum balance is the mechanism for interface movement.The hub distorted inflow could de-crease the axial momentum ratio,suppress the movement of the interface between TLF and MF towards blade leading edge plane and thus enhance compressor stability.     

考虑进气预旋的离心压缩机流动的数值分析

对某单级离心压缩机内的流动进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,扩压器内压力最大的位置出现在蜗舌附近;当进口无预旋或预旋不大时,叶轮内流动参数的周向分布和一周叶片的受力情况是不对称的;在进口大预旋条件下,除蜗舌附近的周向位置外,叶轮内流动参数和主叶片受力趋于周向对称分布.     

Design and optimization of a single stage centrifugal compressor for a solar dish-Brayton system

According to the requirements of a solar dish-Brayton system,a centrifugal compressor stage with a minimum total pressure ratio of 5,an adiabatic efficiency above 75% and a surge margin more than 12% needs to be designed.A single stage,which consists of impeller,radial vaned diffuser,90° crossover and two rows of axial stators,was chosen to satisfy this system.To achieve the stage performance,an impeller with a 6:1 total pressure ratio and an adiabatic efficiency of 90% was designed and its preliminary geometry came from an in-house one-dimensional program.Radial vaned diffuser was applied downstream of the impeller.Two rows of axial stators after 90° crossover were added to guide the flow into axial direction.Since jet-wake flow,shockwave and boundary layer separation coexisted in the impeller-diffuser region,optimization on the radius ratio of radial diffuser vane inlet to impeller exit,diffuser vane inlet blade angle and number of diffuser vanes was carried out at design point.Finally,an optimized centrifugal compressor stage fulfilled the high expectations and presented proper performance.Numerical simulation showed that at design point the stage adiabatic efficiency was 79.93% and the total pressure ratio was 5.6.The surge margin was 15%.The performance map including 80%,90% and 100% design speed was also presented.     

Investigations on an Axial Flow Fan Stage subjected to Circumferential Inlet Flow Distortion and Swirl

INTRODUCTIONInletfiowdistortionisatermusedtodenotethewriationofflowpropertiesasafunctionofthespa-tialcoordinatesandtime.Thenonuniformityoc-cursinconunonflowpropertiessuchastotalpressure,staticpressure'velocity,temperature,flowangleandgasconstituency.Swirlisthetermusedtodescribetherotationoffiowinrelationtotherotationoftheforor.Swirlmaybegeneratedasaconsequenceofsec-ondaryflowsinducedduetoflowcurvaturesorduetothepresenceofInletGuideVanes(IGV).DistortionandSwirl(inducedduetocurvatureoffl…     

跨音速离心压气机级间静压测量研究

为获得车用涡轮增压器离心压气机各元件进出口及周向静压分布,开展了跨音速离心压气机级间静压测试研究。研究结果表明:蜗舌结构未造成导风轮进口静压分布周向不均匀(导风轮进口周向压力波动在2.5 kPa之内);蜗舌结构导致短叶片轮缘静压分布的周向不均匀性;同一转速下,跨音速流动最高效率工况周向静压分布不均匀;叶轮跨音速时,蜗壳沿着流动方向进行减速扩压;同一转速下,扩压器静压提升变化很小(约在3 kPa之内),而叶轮静压提升变化很大(约13～50 kPa),叶轮静压提升的改变决定压比流量特性线的陡峭程度。     

总压畸变对小型风扇气动影响的数值模拟

1引言众多试验研究表明,压气机中上游畸变流场经叶栅流道传递到下游的强弱会显著改变该列叶栅的气动性能,使压气机性能下降,是所有降稳因子中影响最大的因子,是使压气机提前失速和喘振的主要因素[1],从而成为影响整个发动机性能的关键因素[2~4]。几十年来,人们发展了许多数值方     

Effects of probe support on the flow field of a low-speed axial compressor

This paper presents an investigation on the effect of probe support on the flow field of an axial compressor.The experiment is carried out in a large-scale low-speed research compressor.A cylindrical probe support intruding to 50% blade span was installed at 50% chord upstream from the rotor leading edge.The region from 5° to 32° off the probe support in the direction of rotation at the rotor outlet was measured with a 5-hole probe and a high-response total pressure probe.The experiment is performed at both near-design and near-stall points.The measuring results of 5-hole probe and high-response total pressure probe indicate that the probe blockage effect is different at different blade spans.The wake of the probe support weakens the leakage vortex intensity at the tip region,leading to greater total pressure rise.At near-design condition,the presence of probe support has a negative effect on the region from 75% to 92% span,while improves the flow field below 75% span.At near stall condition,the probe support has a negative effect on the region from 70% to 90% span,and almost has no influence on the flow field below 70% span.     

Numerical investigation of effect of inlet swirl and total-pressure distortion on performance and stability of an axial transonic compressor

This paper represents numerical simulation of flow inside an axial transonic compressor subject to inlet flow distortion, to evaluate its effect on compressor performance and stability. Two types of inlet distortion, namely inlet swirl and total pressure distortion are investigated. To study the effect of combined distortion patterns, different combinations of inlet swirl and total pressure distortion are also studied. Results for cases with total pressure distortion indicate that hub radial distortion improves stability range of the compressor while tip radial distortion deteriorates it. An explanation for this observation is presented based on redistribution of flow parameters caused by distortion and the way it interacts with stall inception mechanisms in a transonic axial compressor. Results also show that while co-swirl patterns slightly improve stability range of the compressor, counter-swirl patterns diminish it. Study of combined distortion cases reveals that superimposition of effects of each individual pattern could predict the effect of a combined pattern on compressor’s performance within an accuracy of 1%. However, it is unable to predict the associated effect on compressor’s stability.     

Study of unsteady flow simulation of backward impeller with non-uniform casing

The flow characteristics of the centrifugal fans with different blade outlet angles are basically discussed on steady and unsteady simulations for a rectangular casing fan. The blade outlet angles of the impellers are 35° and 25° respectively. The unsteady flow behavior in the passage of the impeller 35° is quite different from that in the steady flow behavior. The large flow separation occurs in the steady flow field and unsteady flow field of the impeller 35°, the flow distribution in the circumferential direction varies remarkably and the flow separation on the blade occurs only at the back region of the fan; but the steady flow behavior in the impeller 25° is almost consistent with the unsteady flow behavior, the flow distribution of the circumferential direction doesn't vary much and the flow separation on the blade hardly occurs. When the circumferential variation of the flow in the impeller is large, the steady flow simulation is not coincident to the unsteady flow simulation.     

Experimental analysis of the aerodynamic performance of an innovative low pressure turbine rotor

In the present work the aerodynamic performances of an innovative rotor blade row have been experimentally investigated. Measurements have been carried out in a large scale low speed single stage cold flow facility at a Reynolds number typical of aeroengine cruise, under nominal and off-design conditions. The time-mean blade aerodynamic loadings have been measured at three radial positions along the blade height through a pressure transducer installed inside the hollow shaft, by delivering the signal to the stationary frame with a slip ring. The time mean aerodynamic flow fields upstream and downstream of the rotor have been measured by means of a five-hole probe to investigate the losses associated with the rotor. The investigations in the single stage research turbine allow the reproduction of both wake-boundary layer interaction as well as vortex-vortex interaction. The detail of the present results clearly highlights the strong dissipative effects induced by the blade tip vortex and by the momentum defect as well as the turbulence production, which is generated during the migration of the stator wake in the rotor passage. Phase-locked hot-wire investigations have been also performed to analyze the time-varying flow during the wake passing period. In particular the interaction between stator and rotor structures has been investigated also under off-design conditions to further explain the mechanisms contributing to the loss generation for the different conditions.     

多级轴流压气机吸雨性能变化的数值研究

为了研究吸雨对轴流压气机性能和稳定性的影响,以某型三级轴流压气机为研究对象,利用CFD软件针对不同吸雨量及雨滴颗粒直径进行了两相流数值模拟。研究结果发现：雨水的吸入会不同程度地降低压气机的总压比、总温比及效率等性能参数,在相同吸雨量的情况下雨滴颗粒的直径变化对压气机性能影响较小,而性能的恶化程度会随着吸雨量的增大而大幅度增大;雨水的吸入会影响压气机的气动参数,影响各级间的性能匹配,雨水的吸入会不同程度上改变各级的进口气流角,对后两级的影响较大;雨水吸入使动叶叶根处的反动度变小,叶顶处的反动度变大,从而改变各级间动静叶的负荷分配,降低压气机的效率。     

Effect of double air injection on performance characteristics of centrifugal compressor

In the operation of a centrifugal compressor of turbocharger, instability phenomena such as rotating stall and surge are induced at a lower flow rate close to the maximum pressure ratio. In this study, the compressed air at the exit of centrifugal compressor was re-circulated and injected to the impeller inlet by using two injection nozzles in order to suppress the surge phenomenon. The most effective circumferential position was examined to reduce the flow rate at the surge inception. Moreover, the influences of the injection on the fluctuating property of the flow field before and after the surge inception were investigated by examining the frequency of static pressure fluctuation on the wall surface and visualizing the compressor wall surface by oil-film visualization technique.