Li_2O对钢包精炼渣的调质处理

为减少钢包合金化精炼浸渍罩粘渣,以Li2O作调质剂对钢包顶渣调质处理,研究Li2O对钢包顶渣的熔化温度、黏度及脱硫能力的影响。半球法熔化温度测定结果表明:Li2O的助熔效果明显,当其加入量为5%时,渣熔化温度从调质前的1439℃降至1300℃;旋转柱体法黏度测试结果表明:钢包顶渣的黏度高以及合金化精炼处理后顶渣黏度进一步升高,是造成浸渍罩粘渣的主要原因,Li2O能有效降低精炼处理后钢包顶渣的黏度,在1500℃时,未调质的钢包顶渣黏度约为6.5 Pa.s,调质后渣的黏度低于2 Pa.s。调质处理后的钢包渣不会引起钢液的回硫,并可使钢中硫的含量进一步降低。     

CaO-B2O3对钢包精炼渣的调质处理

为减少钢包合金化精炼浸溃罩粘渣,以质量比1:1配制的CaO-B2O3作调质剂对钢包顶渣调质,研究调质剂对渣熔化温度,粘度及脱硫能力的影响.半球法熔化温度测定结果表明,调质剂的助熔效果明显,当其加入量为10%时,渣熔化温度从调质前的1 439 ℃降至1 320 ℃.旋转柱体法粘度测试结果表明,调质剂能有效降低精炼处理后钢包顶渣的粘度.在1 500 ℃时,未调质的钢包顶渣粘度约为6.5 Pa·s,调质后渣的粘度低于2.0 Pa·s.调质处理后的钢包渣不会引起钢液的回硫,并可使钢中硫含量进一步降低.     

CaO B2O3对钢包精炼渣的调质处理

 为减少钢包合金化精炼浸渍罩粘渣,以质量比1∶1配制的CaO B2O3作调质剂对钢包顶渣调质,研究调质剂对渣熔化温度、粘度及脱硫能力的影响。半球法熔化温度测定结果表明,调质剂的助熔效果明显,当其加入量为10%时,渣熔化温度从调质前的1 439 ℃降至1 320 ℃。旋转柱体法粘度测试结果表明,调质剂能有效降低精炼处理后钢包顶渣的粘度。在1 500 ℃时,未调质的钢包顶渣粘度约为65 Pa·s,调质后渣的粘度低于20 Pa·s。调质处理后的钢包渣不会引起钢液的回硫,并可使钢中硫含量进一步降低。     

调质剂对 LATS 精炼渣熔点与脱硫能力的影响

为减少LATS-OB精炼浸渍罩粘渣及提高浸渍罩寿命,分别用CaO-CaF₂、CaO-B₂O₃及Li₂O作为钢包渣的调质剂进行调质实验。熔渣半球点法的熔点测试结果表明,采用CaO／CaF₂=1或2,CaO／B₂O₃=1或2和Li₂O作调质剂能显著降低钢包渣的熔点;渣-金平衡试验表明,调质后的钢包渣可使钢中的硫含量进一步降低。     

优化保护渣提高超低碳IF钢表面质量

 通过优化调整保护渣成分,保护渣熔点由1 222降至1 188 ℃,黏度由0.26提高到0.32 Pa·s,并进行工业试验,利用Aspex对铸坯不同部位大于2 μm的夹杂进行检测,发现铸坯边部和1/4宽、1/2宽、1/2厚度位置夹杂物均有所降低,同时热轧板卷表面临时封锁率由4.51%降低至2.55%。对采用改进保护渣后铸坯中不同部位夹杂物降低的原因进行分析,研究了保护渣吸附不同质量分数Al2O3夹杂后,保护渣熔化温度、黏度的影响规律,发现当添加Al2O3为12%时,保护渣A熔化温度最高至1 259 ℃;保护渣B熔化温度为1 203 ℃,保护渣A与B的黏度分别为0.79和0.59 Pa·s,黏度过大不利于吸附Al2O3夹杂。     

Q235B钢浇铸过程保护渣成分及性能研究

针对涟源钢铁集团有限公司Q235B钢板坯连铸过程中发生的粘结漏钢现象,调查了Q235B钢浇铸过程中保护渣的使用情况,并分析和测定了现场保护渣原始渣样、渣条样和漏钢渣样的主要化学成分和物理性能。研究表明,保护渣浇铸前后Al2O3质量分数变化最大为2．7％;浇铸后熔化温度、熔化速度和黏度分别增加15℃、6s和0．04Pa·s,浇铸前后保护渣物理性能变化不大。     

大管坯精炼渣研究及优化

采用化学分析、岩相分析、扫描电镜、模拟计算的方法研究了大管坯精炼渣系.结果表明,原渣系完全熔化温度高于1 440℃的比例为60％.岩相分析发现渣中高熔点2CaO·SiO2和3CaO·SiO2导致精炼渣黏度均在2 Pa·s以上.通过优化精炼渣组元并应用新渣系后,VD精炼后钢中平均ω(T.O)降低了5×10-6,平均ω(N)降低了15×10-6,平均ω(S)降低了60％,最低ω(S)可控至0.003％.     

AlN对高铝钢用CaO-SiO2基保护渣性能的影响

 铝以合金元素加入到钢中,可细化晶粒、抑制低碳钢的时效现象,实现钢的耐腐蚀性、耐热性等性能的良好结合,同时又可满足新一代汽车钢对汽车安全性以及轻量化的需求。然而,当钢液中w([Al])过高时,钢液凝固前生成的AlN在结晶器内不断上浮至钢渣界面与保护渣作用,导致保护渣成分的改变和性能的恶化,进而影响连铸的顺行和铸坯表面质量。采用FactSage7.2 热力学软件对高铝钢水中AlN的生成热力学进行了计算,利用半球点熔化温度测试仪、旋转黏度计测试分析了向传统CaO-SiO₂基保护渣中添加质量分数为2%、4%、6%、8%的AlN后保护渣黏度、熔化温度和转折温度的变化情况,并对添加AlN后的渣样进行了XRD物相检测。研究结果表明,随着钢中w([Al])和w([N])的增加,AlN的生成温度提高,生成总量增加。当AlN添加的质量分数从0增加到8%时,保护渣黏度和熔化温度均呈升高趋势,每添加质量分数为1%的AlN,黏度增大约0.032 Pa·s,熔化温度升高约13.5 ℃。当AlN添加质量分数为2%时,保护渣转折温度从1 002 ℃下降到980 ℃;当AlN添加质量分数大于2%后,转折温度逐渐升高至8%AlN时的1 117 ℃。随着AlN添加量的增加,在冷凝过程中传统CaO-SiO₂保护渣中枪晶石析出量逐渐减少,当AlN添加质量分数为8%时,渣样中物相以CaF₂为主。     

CaO-Al_2O_3基低反应性保护渣熔化及流动特性的成分控制区域研究

传统CaO-SiO_2系保护渣在浇铸高锰高铝钢时,渣中SiO_2易被钢中Al还原,造成保护渣成分改变和性能恶化,危害铸坯表面质量和连铸过程顺行。为了抑制钢-渣反应,旨在减少渣中氧化性组分的低反应性,CaO-Al_2O_3基渣系是重要选择方向。在评估高锰高铝钢凝固特性和传统反应性保护渣基础上,提出了低反应性保护渣基本性能要求,并采用单纯形法设计了CaO-Al_2O_3基保护渣系的试样组成。通过测试实验渣样的熔化特性和流动特性,获得了5组低反应性连铸保护渣熔化流动特性的成分控制区域。典型区域基本性能为:熔化温度(半球点温度)900～1 100℃,1 300℃的黏度0.1～0.2 Pa·s,转折温度900～1 150℃。     

CaO-Al2O3基低反应性保护渣熔化及流动特性的成分控制区域研究

摘要：传统CaO-SiO2系保护渣在浇铸高锰高铝钢时,渣中SiO2易被钢中Al还原,造成保护渣成分改变和性能恶化,危害铸坯表面质量和连铸过程顺行。为了抑制钢 渣反应,旨在减少渣中氧化性组分的低反应性,CaO-Al2O3基渣系是重要选择方向。在评估高锰高铝钢凝固特性和传统反应性保护渣基础上,提出了低反应性保护渣基本性能要求,并采用单纯形法设计了CaO-Al2O3基保护渣系的试样组成。通过测试实验渣样的熔化特性和流动特性,获得了5组低反应性连铸保护渣熔化流动特性的成分控制区域。典型区域基本性能为：熔化温度（半球点温度）900～1100℃,1300℃的黏度0.1～0.2Pa·s,转折温度900～1150℃。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.