交变磁场净化金属液时金属液紊流的形成及其控制

使用金属嫁液对交变磁场作用下的金属液紊流现象进行了直接观察,并对相应的成因进行了探讨,结果发现交变磁场中为磁场分布不均匀是引起紊流的根本原因。提出采用磁场分布不均度参数来衡量磁场不均匀性,该参数的提出为电磁净化器的设计和提高净化提供了理论依据。为了探讨控制紊流的方案,还采用了模拟体系,研究了不同截面形状的管型及不同磁感应分布不均度下颗粒的迁移规律,并分析了管型影响紊流形成的原因。     

Effect of pulse magnetic field on solidification structure and properties of pure copper

The application of pulse magnetic field to metal solidification is an advanced technique which can remarkably refine solidification structure. In this paper, the effect of pulse magnetic field on solidification structure, mechanical properties and conductivity of pure copper was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the solidification structure transformed from coarse columnar crystal to fine globular crystal with increasing pulse voltage. Increasing pulse voltage also improved the tensile strength. However, with the increase of pulse voltage, the elongation and electrical resistivity firstly decreased, then increased when the pulse voltage beyond a critical value. Moreover, in some conditions, pulse magnetic field can simultaneously improve the conductivity and mechanical property of pure copper.     

横向交变磁场作用下的等离子体弧特性分析

以外加横向交变磁场作用下的等离子体弧为研究对象,建立了等离子体弧摆动幅度和热流密度分布的数学模型.对横向交变磁约束下的等离子体弧射流特性进行理论研究,并分析工艺参数和励磁强度对横向交变磁约束等离子体弧形态和特性的影响规律.结果表明,横向交变磁场可有效控制等离子体弧形态和位置,等离子体弧在横向交变磁场作用下,分布范围增大、热流密度梯度减小.其摆动幅度随磁场强度的增加而增大,但过高的磁场强度会使等离子体弧变得不稳定;相同励磁强度下,气流量和弧电流越小、喷嘴到工件的距离越大,则摆动幅度越大;而工件表面的等离子体弧热流密度分布随励磁强度的增强趋于平坦化;相同励磁条件下,热流密度峰值随气体流量和弧电流的增大而增大、随喷嘴到工件距离的增大而减小.     

高效MAG焊接熔滴过渡行为及交变磁场控制试验分析

探索更加高效的焊接方法和工艺是当前国际焊接界一个热点课题,而增大焊接电流和焊丝伸出长度可直接提高MAG焊焊接效率. 文中对商用MAG焊机进行改造,使送丝速度达到50 m/min,焊接电流提升至500 A以上,以进一步提高焊接效率. 但是熔滴旋转射流过渡的形成,导致电弧不稳,飞溅增大,因而采用外加交变磁场来改善电弧形态和熔滴过渡行为. 通过焊接工艺试验,分析了焊接电流对焊接飞溅率和金属蒸发速率的影响规律,研究了交变磁场对熔滴过渡行为和焊缝成形的作用. 结果表明,外加低频交变磁场可以有效提高大电流下电弧挺度和稳定性,缩短液流束长度,减小液尖偏斜程度,进而改善焊缝成形,大幅度提高焊接效率.     

A stochastic analysis of the effect of magnetic field on the pitting corrosion susceptibility of pure magnesium

The effect of magnetic field on the pitting corrosion susceptibility of pure magnesium was investigated by stochastic approaches. Stochastic models had been applied to simulate pitting corrosion as the combination of two physical processes: pit initiation and pit growth. The results revealed that magnetic field increased the pitting corrosion susceptibility of pure magnesium. For the pit initiation process, the presence of magnetic field changed the mechanism of pit initiation from the parallel birth and death stochastic model (B1) to the parallel birth stochastic model (A3). Magnetic field increased the pit generation rate λ while decreased the repassivation rate µ, which indicated that magnetic field accelerated the pit initiation process of pure magnesium. For the pit growth process, magnetic field didn't change the pit growth mechanism, but it could decrease the ability of repassivation of pitting corrosion resulting in a great probability for the stable pitting corrosion to grow up with a higher growth rate and finally develop into larger pit cavity.     

金刚石结块强交变磁处理的实验

建立强交变磁场作用下金刚石结块的理论分析模型,给出了金刚石结块所受交变磁场应力的理论解;通过自制的强交变磁处理装置QJC-1对金刚石结块进行常温交变磁处理实验,对交变磁处理前后金刚石结块的显微组织、硬度和冲击韧性进行对比分析。研究结果表明,处在强交变磁场中的金刚石结块,其内部会产生很大的交变磁场应力,致使内部物质发生迁移、组织得到细化,从而提高了金刚石结块的力学性能。     

稳恒磁场下Ni-W合金镀膜的制备与耐蚀性

研究了施加稳恒磁场(0~1 T)对电镀Ni-W合金的影响。测定不同方向、不同强度稳恒磁场下的电流效率、合金组成及镀层的耐蚀性,并用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对镀层的微观形貌及结构进行了观察和分析。对实验结果进行了分析讨论,找出稳恒磁场对这些性能指标的影响规律。结果表明:与不施加磁场相比,施加磁场后镀层的表面更均匀、细致、平整;镀层的含钨量上升:当B⊥J,B=1.0 T时,含钨量上升了约7%;当B∥J,B=1.0 T时,含钨量上升了约9%;镀膜的非晶化程度增强;镀膜的耐蚀性提高;但Ni-W合金电镀的电流效率降低。     

Corrosion characteristics of copper in magnetized sea water

The corrosion characteristics of copper in magnetic action system were investigated by mass loss method, electrochemical test, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy analysis. It is found that the corrosion process of copper is influenced by magnetic field. The flow corrosion rate of copper decreases at the initial segment, then drives to gentle stage at the final segment. From electrochemical test, the corrosion rate of copper in the magnetized sea water is minimal compared with that in 3.5% NaCl solution and sea water. Electlochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） plots of copper in 3.5% NaCl, sea water and magnetized sea water are similar. However, EIS plot of copper in magnetized sea water shifts rightwards due to the effect of magnetic field on sea water. The corrosion process of copper in magnetized sea water is pitting corrosion. The surfaces of samples are finer in magnetized sea water relative to those in 3.5% NaCl solution and sea water. The corrosion products of copper include large amount of Cu element, O element and Cl element. Cu2O and CuCl2 are the primary products. This suggests that electromagnetic treatment has remarkable effect on the corrosion of copper.     

旋转磁场对海水中铜流动腐蚀的影响(英文)

通过实验室中12d的旋转电磁腐蚀实验,研究海水中铜的流动腐蚀。利用扫描电镜和X射线能量分散分析系统(SEM/EDAX)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析铜试样的表面微观结构和相组成,包括空干后腐蚀产物膜中的Cu2O和CuO的组成。结果表明:流动腐蚀过程是坑蚀、扩展、腐蚀产物膜和表面产物溶液,最后是坑蚀。旋转电磁场抑制了铜在海水中的流动腐蚀。     

交变纵向磁场作用下MIG焊电弧行为研究

为了研究交变纵向磁场作用下MIG焊接电弧的物理特性,提高焊接质量,分析了交变纵向磁场作用下电弧带电粒子的受力情况和运动状态,并利用高速摄像手段研究了交变纵向磁场对电弧形态的影响。结果表明,无外加交变纵向磁场时,自由电弧稳定燃烧,电弧轴线与焊丝轴线相重合;当加入交变纵向磁场时,电弧围绕焊丝轴线做逆时针和顺时针交替变化的旋转运动,电弧轴线偏离焊丝轴线;随着励磁电流的增加,电弧的旋转半径增大,电弧偏离焊丝轴线的角度增大,电弧烁亮区域面积减小;当励磁电流为30 A时,电弧的最大偏转角度为45°,此时电弧燃烧变得不稳定,甚至息弧,焊接过程不稳定。     

LY12铝合金交变磁处理试验与数值模拟分析

利用自行研制的磁场发生器产生强交变磁场,采用对比试验的方法研究LY12硬铝合金磁处理前后组织的变化。应用耦合场理论采用数值分析的方法计算处于电磁热场中的LY12铝合金的磁场应力场及热应力场分布。结果表明,强交变磁处理可以使热塑性成形后的硬铝合金组织变得均匀、致密。在谐性磁场作用下,硬铝合金内部产生很大的涡旋电流,同时较大的磁致应力场引起的磁致震荡也会相当明显;热应力的存在又必然导致磁致震荡效应变得剧烈,更有利于微观组织脱离缠结,组织趋于致密化、均匀化。数值分析结果直观地为强交变磁处理改善金属组织提供了依据。     

高频交变磁场对大电流GMAW熔滴过渡和飞溅率的影响

在熔化极气体保护焊过程中,采用大送丝速度,增大焊接电流和焊丝伸出长度是提高焊接熔敷率的直接途径.但当熔滴过渡转变为旋转射流过渡时,电弧不稳,飞溅增大,焊缝成形变差.施加不同频率的纵向交变磁场,对焊缝成形进行控制.采用高速摄像技术,拍摄焊接过程中的电弧形态和熔滴过渡,研究不同频率的磁场对熔滴过渡和焊接飞溅率的影响规律.结果表明,熔滴过渡形式不同,产生飞溅的机理不同;外加频率为1 000 Hz纵向交变磁场时,电弧的旋转半径减小,电弧的挺度增大,旋转射流过渡时电弧更稳定,焊接飞溅率降低,焊缝成形改善.     

稀土对ZQSn10—2铜合金组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土元素La,Ce对ZQSn10-2铸造铜合金宏观组织、力学性能和耐海水腐蚀性能的影响。实验表明,稀土在ZQSn10-2合金中有一个最佳的加入量范围;在此范围内可明显地提高该合金的强韧性、致密性和耐海水腐蚀性能。     

Preventing or accelerating galvanic corrosion through the application of a proper external magnetic field

The effect of an external magnetic field on the corrosion behaviour of a galvanic couple, zinc (Zn)–stainless steel (SS 316L), has been investigated in a 0·055 mol L^?1 potassium chloride (KCl) solution. The impact of the orientation as well as the magnetic flux density B (Wb m^?2) on the corrosion progression of the galvanic couple, is evaluated heuristically by monitoring the corrosion potential E_corr (mV) and the current density I_corr (μA cm^?2) of the system. A strong influence of the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field on the Zn–SS316L galvanic couple corrosion was observed, whereas the field was proven to act either protective or accelerating in terms of corrosion.     

纯铜的土壤腐蚀原位测试

在沈阳土壤腐蚀试验中心站现场原位测试了土壤的理化性质和纯铜的腐蚀速率变化情况。土壤理化性质测试结果表明 ,土壤的电导及含盐量随地温的升高而增大 ,土壤中微生物腐蚀随着地温升高而显著增强 ,原位测试结果显示纯铜的腐蚀速率随着地温的升高而增大 ,与实测质量损失值对比 ,两者误差较小 ,因此纯铜可作为一种原位测试土壤腐蚀性的标准电极材料。     

薄层液膜下直流电场对铜的腐蚀行为、氯离子迁移行为和枝晶生长的影响(英文)

采用动电位极化和表面分析技术(SEM/EDS),研究薄层液膜下直流电场对印刷电路板铜的腐蚀行为、氯离子迁移行为和枝晶生长的影响。结果表明:直流电场使铜的腐蚀减弱;氯离子在直流电场作用下由负极到正极发生定向迁移,并且富集于电场的正极,导致电场正极发生严重的局部腐蚀;枝晶生长于电场的负极,并且其速率和尺寸随着外加电压的增加和暴露时间的延长而分别加快和变大。     

Cr元素含量对铜基原位复合材料耐蚀性的影响

采用选择腐蚀技术,提取了铜基原位复合材料中纤维相,并测定其电极电位.通过间歇式盐水喷雾试验和极化曲线测定,研究了Cu-15Fe、Cu-14Fe-1Cr、Cu-13Fe-2Cr、Cu-11Fe-4Cr四种原位复合材料在NaHSO3 NaCl混合介质中的腐蚀行为.同时用扫描电镜对腐蚀产物和腐蚀表面进行分析.结果表明,Cu-15Fe原位复合材料在NaHSO3 NaCl介质中,腐蚀电位EFe＜ECu,故Cu基体为阴极,Fe相纤维为阳极.Cr元素的加入,使Fe-Cr相纤维为阴极,基体铜为阳极.随着Cr元素含量的增加,EFe-Cr正向移动,致钝电位负移,维钝电流密度降低,钝化区范围增大,EFe-Cr-ECu降低,材料的耐蚀性提高.     

磁场对Sn-9Zn钎料组织、显微硬度及电化学腐蚀的影响

运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、电化学测试系统等研究0.125 T的静态磁场及旋转磁场对Sn-9Zn钎料的组织及性能影响。结果表明:静态磁场及旋转磁场均可促进Sn-9Zn钎料组织细化,其中旋转磁场可使Zn相分布呈旋转状;与未经磁场作用相比,静态磁场和旋转磁场可使Sn-9Zn钎料的显微硬度分别提高7.4%和10.2%,达到18.8 HV和19.3 HV;此外,经静态磁场及旋转磁场作用的钎料的腐蚀电位分别为-1.428和-1.450 V,比Sn-9Zn钎料的有所降低,而腐蚀电流密度分别为1.424×10-8和2.538×10-9 A/m2,相比Sn-9Zn钎料,其腐蚀电流密度明显减小,钎料腐蚀性能得到改善。