野生与栽培千里香挥发油化学成分分析研究

对野生和栽培千里香植物挥发油中主要化学成分进行了分析,并对两者的主要化学成分及其相对含量进行了比较。采用水蒸气蒸馏法从千里香的枝叶中提取挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用法,分析鉴定其中的化学成分,并用峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对含量。野生与栽培千里香挥发油的得油率均约为0.1%(质量分数),在两者中共鉴定出了36个化合物,它们的峰面积之和占挥发油成分总峰面积的88%以上。挥发油主要化学成分为榄香烯、石竹烯、橙花叔醇、榄香醇等倍半萜类化合物。对千里香野生品和栽培品的挥发油化学成分进行比较分析发现,不同来源的挥发油中的化学成分及其相对含量存在差异。此结果可为千里香的选育种植与合理使用,以及新精油品种的开发提供一定的参考依据。     

假鹰爪果实挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从假鹰爪果实中提取挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析鉴定其中的化学成分,并用峰面积归一化法测定各组分的峰面积相对百分比。假鹰爪果实挥发油得油率大约为0.1%,从其中共鉴定出了47个化合物,它们的峰面积之和占挥发油总峰面积的99%。假鹰爪果实挥发油的主要化学成分为蒎烯、石竹烯、吉马烯、甘香烯等萜烯和倍半萜类化合物。研究结果为假鹰爪果实的合理应用以及新精油品种的开发提供了科学依据。     

沙枣花挥发油的化学成分及其指纹图谱的研究

应用GC /MS -计算机联用技术对沙枣花挥发油的化学成分进行分离、鉴定。共分离出 4 3种化合物 ,鉴定出17种化合物 ,占挥发油总量的 89.3%。应用HPLC -DAD技术建立沙枣花挥发油指纹图谱 ,以相对保留时间和相对峰面积为指标 ,确定了 7个特征峰     

不同方法提取含笑茎、叶和花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

含笑花具有祛瘀生新、活血止痛之功效。为扩大其用药部位,实验采用微波萃取与水蒸气蒸馏分别提取含笑茎、叶和花挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行了化学成分分析。结果显示,从含笑茎、叶和花水蒸气蒸馏所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了32、21和23种化合物,从含笑茎、叶和花微波萃取所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了24、20和29种化合物。用面积归一法测定了6种挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的97.08%、97.3%、96.94%、98.21%、91.34%和95.79%。6种挥发油化学组成各有异同,但主要成分均是大=牛儿烯B、长蠕孢吉码烯、丁香烯和β-榄香烯。     

鲜、干品红丝线叶挥发油化学成分的GC - MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别得到新鲜和干燥红丝线叶挥发油,并结合GC-MS对所得样品的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果显示,从鲜叶挥发油中鉴定出32种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的98.81%,主要成分是反式植醇(43.29%)、橙花叔醇(7.07%)、石竹烯(4.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(3.81%)和植酮(3.74%)等;从干叶挥发油中鉴定出42种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的96.23%,反式植醇(33.50%)、橙花叔醇(7.75%)、石竹烯(5.14%)、1-辛烯-3-醇(7.20%)、植酮(4.45%)和樟脑(4.07%)等为主要成分。两者的共有成分有23种,其他化学成分及其相对质量分数存在一定差异。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取不同产地两粤黄檀的挥发油及其成分分析

采用SFE-CO_2法,分别提取了广西和海南产的两粤黄檀的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS),分析比较挥发油的化学成分,用峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。从广西产的两粤黄檀挥发油中共分离鉴定出16个化合物,占挥发油总量的61.38%;从海南产的两粤黄檀挥发油中鉴定出24种成分,占挥发油总量的86.08%。结果表明,两种不同产地的两粤黄檀中,挥发性成分的种类、主要成分及含量都存在较大差异,含量最高的特征性成分也不相同。该研究结果可为两粤黄檀的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

气相色谱-质谱技术测定分析当归干燥根挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取当归干燥根挥发油,气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)测定挥发油的化学成分,利用气相色谱峰面积归一化法计算各化合物的相对含量,共鉴定出22种化学成分,占挥发油总成分含量的98.93%,其中5,7,8-三甲基-二氢香豆素、(E)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-辛三烯等化合物的含量较高。     

GC-MS联用法分析紫锥菊地上部分挥发油的化学成分

研究紫锥菊地上部分挥发油的化学成分并将其分类,并列举出其主要类别化合物。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫锥菊挥发油,GC毛细管柱色谱法分析并以峰面积归一化法检测化学成分的相对含量,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术辅助人工检索鉴定其化学成分。结果:在挥发油中检出47个化合物,鉴定出22个化合物,用面积归一法计算各个成分的百分含量。鉴定出的挥发油占挥发油总量的27.366%,其中萜类化合物占12种,芳香族类化合物3种,烯烃类5种,酯类2种,分别占17.861%、2.477%、5.854%、1.174%。结论:紫锥菊挥发性成分较复杂,本文通过对紫锥菊挥发油成分的分析及其主成分化合物的总结,为其质量控制及标准制定提供科学依据。     

民族药鸭嘴花药用部分挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取制备鸭嘴花中挥发油,并通过GC-MS和检索所用质谱库(NIST08.L,Wiley 275.L)检索研究其化学成分组成,用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对质量分数。从鸭嘴花药用部分挥发油中分离出202个色谱峰,鉴定了其中的51个化合物,占挥发油总质量的47.86%。结果表明,鸭嘴花药用部分挥发油中化合物种类丰富。对鸭嘴花挥发油化学成分的研究为该民族药药理活性研究提供了物质基础。     

桂丁挥发油气相色谱质谱分析

运用气相色谱质谱对桂丁挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,共鉴定出101种化合物,经气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定:其各组分相对含量总和占总挥发油质量的99.035%,挥发油中鉴定出19种醛类化合物,占挥发油总质量的94.104%,其中主要成分为反式肉桂醛(84.100%)、邻甲氧基肉桂醛(7.377%)、苯甲醛(0.921%)等化合物。桂丁挥发油具有抗菌、抑菌、降血糖、抗血栓及抗肿瘤等药理作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。