Nomogrammverfahren für die Planung von Maßnahmen zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz

Nomogram Technique for designing buildings thar are thermally comfortable in summer. German Standard DIN 4108 “Thermal protection and energy economy in buildings”, Part 2: “Minimum requirements for thermal insulation”, defines minimum requirements for the design of buildings under summer conditions. While the current DIN 4108 specifies limits for the internal temperature depending on the climatic region, due to the complexity of the interrelationships no technique for calculating the room temperature is provided. In order to enable designers to estimate the room temperature during the early design stages with relatively little effort to ensure a robust design, a nomogram technique for dimensioning thermal protection under summer conditions is presented that takes into account all relevant parameters influencing the room temperature. These parameters are explained. The procedure for dimensioning thermal protection under summer conditions is illustrated by means of an example.     

Der sommerliche Wärmeschutz eines sanierten Wohngebäudes aus den 1950er Jahren unter Berücksichtigung des Nutzerverhaltens

Sommer heat insulation of a reinstated residential building of the 1950s considering the user‵s behaviour. A verification of the summer heat insulation according to the new issue of DIN 4108‐2 from July 2003 will be required in the future due to the expected amendment of the Energy Savings Regulation that will take effect probably in the autumn of 2004. The effects on the construction requirements and on the indoor climate can be shown using an example of a multiple family dwelling built in the 1950's. Problems with additional thermal heat requirements will be considered as well as the daylight conditions in the living space. The ventilation conditions and the resulting periods of overheating for various occupancies will be discussed using a thermal building simulation with ESP‐r.     

Optimierung eines Raumes mithilfe von DIN 18599‐4 (Tageslicht), DIN 4108‐2 (sommerlicher Wärmeschutz) und weiterführenden Simulationen

Room optimisation based on DIN 18599‐4 (Daylight), DIN 4108‐2 (Thermal comfort during summer) and simulations. DIN 18599‐4 is successfully used as a tool for optimising daylight quality in office spaces with respect to dimensions and window size and positioning. Further room optimisation with respect to thermal comfort during summer based on DIN 4108‐2 can lead to uncomfortable conditions, as shown in comparative simulations. Comfortable conditions can be achieved with further optimisation measures based on simulation programs and thermal comfort evaluation based on DIN EN 15251. Recommendations for relevant room parameters including shading, natural ventilation and artificial light switching are provided.     

Wärme‐ und Feuchtetransport in Vakuumisolationspaneelen

Heat and Moisture Transport in Vacuum Insulation Panels. Due to their extremely low thermal conductivity, vacuum insulation panels (VIP) allow for high standard thermal insulation with slim building components. Within few years, this led to widespread use especially in building situations where space is limited. As there are no long‐term experiences concerning the thermal characteristics of VIPs, however, their rated values of thermal conductivity are notably higher than the actual measured values at present, which primarily represents effects of degradation caused by gases infiltrating the panel. Most significant is the influence of water vapour diffusing into the VIP. Whereas the effects of dry gases are well known and can be exactly quantified, water vapour causes different processes of heat and matter transfer which increase thermal conduction within the VIP considerably, but which cannot be separated accurately by means of measuring. Thus a theoretical model was developed which describes heat flux basing on the kinetic theory of gases for molecular diffusion and surface diffusion. It moreover provides information about the diffusion characteristics of the core material.