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CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Target in Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), a prognostic factor, is an extracellular homeostatic chemokine that is the natural ligand for chemokine receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or cluster of differentiation 184 (CD184) and chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). CXCR4 is the most widely expressed rhodopsin-like G protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR). The CXCL12–CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CXCR7, recently termed as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), is amongst the G protein coupled cell surface receptor family that is also commonly expressed in a large variety of cancer cells. CXCR7, like CXCR4, regulates immunity, angiogenesis, stem cell trafficking, cell growth and organ-specific metastases. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed individually or together, depending on the tumor type. When expressed together, CXCR4 and CXCR7 can form homo- or hetero-dimers. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 alter their signaling activity. Only few drugs have been approved for clinical use targeting CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. Several CXCR4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for solid tumor treatment with limited success whereas CXCR7-specific inhibitors are still in preclinical studies for CRC. This review focuses on current knowledge of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, with emphasis on targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a treatment strategy for CRC. 相似文献
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Yuto Hozaka Yoshiaki Kita Ryutaro Yasudome Takako Tanaka Masumi Wada Tetsuya Idichi Kan Tanabe Shunichi Asai Shogo Moriya Hiroko Toda Shinichiro Mori Hiroshi Kurahara Takao Ohtsuka Naohiko Seki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(18)
To elucidate novel aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), we have created a new microRNA (miRNA) expression signature based on RNA-sequencing. Analysis of the signature showed that 84 miRNAs were upregulated, and 70 were downregulated in CRC tissues. Interestingly, our signature indicated that both guide and passenger strands of some miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in CRC tissues. These findings support our earlier data demonstrating the involvement of miRNA passenger strands in cancer pathogenesis. Our study focused on downregulated miR-490-3p and investigated its tumor-suppressive function in CRC cells. We successfully identified a total of 38 putative oncogenic targets regulated by miR-490-3p in CRC cells. Among these targets, the expression of three genes (IRAK1: p = 0.0427, FUT1: p = 0.0468, and GPRIN2: p = 0.0080) significantly predicted 5-year overall survival of CRC patients. Moreover, we analyzed the direct regulation of IRAK1 by miR-490-3p, and its resultant oncogenic function in CRC cells. Thus, we have clarified a part of the molecular pathway of CRC based on the action of tumor-suppressive miR-490-3p. This new miRNA expression signature of CRC will be a useful tool for elucidating new molecular pathogenesis in this disease. 相似文献
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Shuzhen Liu Guoyan An Qing Cao Tong Li Xinyu Jia Lei Lei 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
Increasing numbers of miRNAs have been observed as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in colorectal cancer (CRC). It was recently reported that hsa-miR-106b-5p (miR-106b) promoted CRC cell migration and invasion. However, there were also studies showing contradictory results. Therefore, in the present study, we further explore the role of miR-106b and its downstream networks in the carcinogenesis of CRC. We observed that the expression of miR-106b is significantly increased in Pan-Cancer and CRC tissues compared with normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Furthermore, we used Transwell, Cell Counting Kit-8, and colony formation assays to clarify that miR-106b promotes the migratory, invasive, and proliferative abilities of CRC cells. For the first time, we systematically screened the target mRNAs and lncRNAs of miR-106b using TCGA database and the bioinformatics algorithms. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that NR2F2-AS1 and PLEKHO2 are the direct targets of miR-106b. Furthermore, NR2F2-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate PLEKHO2 expression by sponging miR-106b. The results of Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Western blot indicated that they play important roles in CRC progression by regulating MAPK pathway. Thus, miR-106b/NR2F2-AS1/PLEKHO2/MAPK signaling axis may suggest the potential usage in CRC treatment. 相似文献
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Laura Mosca Martina Pagano Luigi Borzacchiello Luigi Mele Annapina Russo Giulia Russo Giovanna Cacciapuoti Marina Porcelli 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(17)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide despite significant advances in both diagnosis and therapy. The high incidence of CRC and its poor prognosis, partially attributed to multi-drug resistance and antiapoptotic activity of cancer cells, arouse strong interest in the identification and development of new treatments. S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), a natural compound and a nutritional supplement, is well known for its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects as well as for its potential in overcoming drug resistance in many kinds of human tumors. Here, we report that AdoMet enhanced the antitumor activity of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in HCT 116p53+/+ and in LoVo CRC cells through the inhibition of autophagy, induced by 5-FU as a cell defense mechanism to escape the drug cytotoxicity. Multiple drug resistance is mainly due to the overexpression of drug efflux pumps, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). We demonstrate here that AdoMet was able to revert the 5-FU-induced upregulation of P-gp expression and to decrease levels of acetylated NF-κB, the activated form of NF-κB, the major antiapoptotic factor involved in P-gp-related chemoresistance. Overall, our data show that AdoMet, was able to overcome 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC cells by targeting multiple pathways such as autophagy, P-gp expression, and NF-κB signaling activation and provided important implications for the development of new adjuvant therapies to improve CRC treatment and patient outcomes. 相似文献
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Marzia Pucci Stefania Raimondo Ornella Urzì Marta Moschetti Maria Antonietta Di Bella Alice Conigliaro Nadia Caccamo Marco Pio La Manna Simona Fontana Riccardo Alessandro 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(22)
Tumor-associated macrophages play a key role in promoting tumor progression by exerting an immunosuppressive phenotype associated with the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). It is well known that tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) affect the tumor microenvironment, influencing TAM behavior. The present study aimed to examine the effect of SEVs derived from colon cancer and multiple myeloma cells on macrophage functions. Non-polarized macrophages (M0) differentiated from THP-1 cells were co-cultured with SEVs derived from a colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line, SW480, and a multiple myeloma (MM) cell line, MM1.S. The expression of PD-L1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and other inflammatory cytokines as well as of the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated. Our results indicate that SEVs can significantly upregulate the expressions of PD-L1 and IL-6 at both the mRNA and protein levels and can activate the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified the TLR4/NF-kB pathway as a convergent mechanism for SEV-mediated PD-L1 expression. Overall, these preliminary data suggest that SEVs contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. 相似文献
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Ji Yoon Lee Jihwa Chung Yeongju Byun Kyoung Hwa Kim Shung Hyun An Kihwan Kwon 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(13)
Cardiotoxicity is associated with the long-term clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer patients. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) including exosomes have been suggested for the treatment of various diseases, including ischemic diseases. However, the effects and functional mechanism of MSC-sEVs in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy have not been clarified. Here, MSC-sEVs were isolated from murine embryonic mesenchymal progenitor cell (C3H/10T1/2) culture media, using ultrafiltration. H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells were pretreated with MSC-sEVs and then exposed to DOX. For in vivo studies, male C57BL/6 mice were administered MSC-sEVs intravenously, prior to a single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The mice were sacrificed 14 days after DOX treatment. The results showed that MSC-sEVs protected cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cell death. H9c2 cells treated with DOX showed downregulation of both phosphorylated Akt and survivin, whereas the treatment of MSC-sEVs recovered expression, indicating their anti-apoptotic effects. Three microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR 199a-3p, miR 424-5p, and miR 21-5p) in MSC-sEVs regulated the Akt-Sp1/p53 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Among them, miR 199a-3p was involved in regulating survivin expression, which correlated with the anti-apoptotic effects of MSC-sEVs. In in vivo studies, the echocardiographic results showed that the group treated with MSC-sEVs recovered from DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, showing improvement of both the left ventricle fraction and ejection fraction. MSC-sEVs treatment also increased both survivin and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in heart tissue compared to the DOX group. Our results demonstrate that MSC-sEVs have protective effects against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by upregulating survivin expression, which is mediated by the regulation of Akt activation by miRNAs in MSC-sEVs. Thus, MSC-sEVs may be a novel therapy for the prevention of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
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Tur-Fu Huang Shih-Wei Wang Yu-Wei Lai Shih-Chia Liu Yu-Jen Chen Thomas Y. Hsueh Chih-Chung Lin Chun-Hsuan Lin Ching-Hu Chung 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men in developed countries. The compound, 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4AAQB), is isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea (commonly known as Niu-Chang-Chih), which has been shown to inhibit cancer growth. However, the anticancer activity of 4AAQB has not previously been examined in prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 4AAQB on cancer and angiogenesis, as well as to explore its mechanism of action. Human prostate cancer cells (PC3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used in cell viability, cell migration, and cell cycle functional assays to evaluate the anticancer and antiangiogenic efficacy of 4AAQB in vitro. The effects of 4AAQB in vivo were determined using xenograft and angiogenesis models. The signaling events downstream of 4AAQB were also examined. The 4AAQB compound inhibited PC3 cell growth and migration, and reduced in vivo cancer growth, as shown in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Furthermore, 4AAQB inhibited HUVEC migration, tube formation, and aortic ring sprouting; it also reduced neovascularization in a Matrigel implant angiogenesis assay in vivo. The 4AAQB compound also decreased metastasis in the PC3 prostate cancer model in vivo. Serum or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Ak strain transforming (Akt), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK ½) phosphorylation were attenuated by 4AAQB in both PC3 and HUVEC. In conclusion, 4AAQB is a potential candidate for prostate cancer therapy. 相似文献