Fire situation and fire characteristic analysis based on fire statistics of China

This paper describes the fire situation of China in 1998. Fire statistics data have been analyzed with a view to understand the characteristics of fire accidents, including vocation and location distribution, cause analysis, monthly frequency and frequency of fires by time of day etc. It is revealed that specific work on fire protection should be taken so as to meet the demands of the society. In addition, some of the major fire accidents are also recapitulated briefly. Finally, the study highlights the importance to carry out fire statistics and gives some suggestions.     

多层建筑室内“消防加压水池”容量确定的探讨

消防水池的设置,《建筑设计防火规范》GB 50016-2006第8.6.1条已有规定,其容量第8.6.2条也有规定。但为满足第8.4.3条第8款,出现了"消防加压水池",其容量,规范不够明确。目前不少审查人员要求设计人员按消防水池来设计,造成作用不大,浪费惊人的严重后果。有必要在规范中给予明确。     

试析火灾痕迹在火灾事故调查中的应用

在进行火灾事故调查时,火灾痕迹是重要线索,火灾痕迹为调查人员提供了客观事实,帮助调查人员了解火灾事故起因.文章运用调查法、文献法等对火灾痕迹类型进行分析,并就火灾痕迹在火灾事故调查中的应用做具体探究,希望能为相关实践工作提供些许理论参考.     

地下建筑火灾危险性和消防设施设置要点分析

地下建筑的自身特点及使用的复杂性,决定其具有较大的火灾危险性,一旦发生火灾,其造成的损失远远高于地面建筑。为解决地下建筑提高火灾防御能力问题提供参考,本文从分析地下建筑的特点和火灾危险性入手,根据地下建筑火灾扑救的主要方法和依靠的消防设施,提出地下建筑设置消防设施应注意的八个要点,起到优化消防设施设置,有效提升建筑防火能力的作用。     

火灾自动报警系统设计中的几点个人见解

阐述火灾自动报警系统的构成,以及系统设计中涉及的几个基本理念;分析火灾发生、发展的基本过程及各阶段之间的关系;解释不同类型火灾探测器报警信号的含义;提出火灾确认与联动编程,以及切断发生火灾相关区域非消防电源的消防联动设计基本理念;给出了联动设计中联动设备的时序。     

Risk of human fatality in building fires: A decision tool using Bayesian networks

The Netherlands is the most densely populated country of the European Union, which makes space very expensive. This leads to increasing complexity of the cities’ layout and other public spaces, together with a large number of people involved. Authorities would like to know whether new and innovative building designs ensure an appropriate level of safety of people in case of fire, before the accident happens, and to be prepared for the so-called “low probability–high consequences” accidents. Therefore, they need a tool to help them estimate the extent of a fire in a building, given any combination of possible conditions and any unexpected course of events during an emergency. This paper discusses the possibility of using Bayesian belief nets for this task. Using this approach, the people in charge can take decisions at different stages of the design process of a building regarding the location, the structure, the loading of the building, the types of fire protection systems inside the building, as well as the characteristics of the fire brigade that fights the possible fire. In the current study, usefulness of the approach is investigated using a small example. This will show the feasibility of the approach for the Netherlands situation and give authorities involved confidence that building a large comprehensive model would fulfil their needs for a support tool in the planning process. The effort to gather real data therefore was restricted as demonstration of fitness for purpose was the primary objective.     

简析学生宿舍消防设施完善的必要性

通过对以往学生宿舍火灾事故的分析,提出在合理建立学生宿舍消防安全管理机制、制定切实有效的消防安全管理制度并将日常管理工作落实到位的前提下,设置、完善学生宿舍的消防设施,采取人员管理与火灾技术防范措施相结合的管理模式,以提升学生宿舍的消防安全等级、消除火灾隐患,保障学生的生命安全.     

Inherent fire consequence estimation tool (IFCET) for preliminary design of process plant

Fire hazard has contributed to about one-third of world major accidents in chemical plants. One of the approaches to avoid or minimize fire hazard is by using an inherent safety concept. This concept is best implemented at the preliminary design stage. However, practical application of inherent safety is still limited due to non-availability of easy to use tool for direct application in a process plant. This paper addresses the above issue by proposing a prototype tool known as Inherent Fire Consequence Estimation Tool (IFCET) that can be used during preliminary design stage to eliminate or minimize the consequence of fire accidents. The tool is developed in MS Excel for pool fire model and linked with process design simulator, iCON. The functionality of the IFCET is demonstrated using case studies of flammable liquid leaked from a process stream and spilled of LPG during unloading at filling station. The results from the case studies show that IFCET can be used to eliminate or minimize the consequence due to pool fire during preliminary design stage. IFCET has a potential to be extended to include other types of fire accidents such as Jet Fire, BLEVE, etc.     

对高层建筑防火的几点想法

结合我国近年来发生的高层建筑火灾案例,归纳诱发建筑火灾的外部因素和内部因素,对由外部因素诱发的火灾产生的不同后果及相关的建筑消防设施配备、管理等方面进行对比分析。总结出建筑外部诱发火灾因素主要包括生产作业不当和外挂灯箱故障,建筑内部诱发火灾因素主要包括电气故障和生活用火不当等;对各种诱发火灾因素提出有针对性的对策;提出...     

超高层建筑施工消防安全研究与应用

北京绿地中心4号商务办公楼工程为超高层工程,建筑高度达到260 m,施工工艺复杂,各专业的焊接量巨大,高空防护体系及楼层中材料众多,存在严重的消防安全隐患。项目部通过对超高层消防安全隐患的研究分析,制订了一系列的防火、灭火制度及有效的管理措施,实现了超高层施工消防安全的可靠实施,切实保证了超高层建筑的正常施工。     

构建服装厂的消防安全

针对目前服装厂的消防安全现状，进行系统调研，分析其火灾成因后，提出了相应的解决方法。     

Replacing international temperature–time curves with BFD curve

From The World Trade Centre Investigation Draft Report by NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology. World Trade Centre performance study: data collection, preliminary observations and recommendations. FEMA (Federal Energy Management Association), 2002.], one of the recommendations was to “improve the century-old standard for the testing of building components, assembles and systems”. NIST believes that it is essential to complete a comprehensive review that will establish a firm technical basis for future fire-rating requirements.