Solution of the Maxwell field equations in vacuum for arbitrarycharge and current distributions using the methods of matrixalgebra

A new matrix representation of classical electromagnetic theory is presented. The basis of this representation is a space-time, eight-by-eight differential matrix operator. This matrix operator is initially formulated from the differential form of the Maxwell field equations for vacuum. The resulting matrix formulation of Maxwell's equations allows simple and direct derivation of the electromagnetic wave and charge continuity equations, the Lorentz conditions and definition of the electromagnetic potentials, the Lorentz and Coulomb gauges, the electromagnetic potential wave equations, and Poynting's conservation of energy theorem. A four-dimensional Fourier transform of the matrix equations casts them into an eight-dimensional transfer theorem. The transfer function has an inverse, and this allows the equations to be inverted. This expresses the fields directly in terms of the charge and current source distributions     

时变电磁场唯一性定理的完整表述

以往表述的时变电磁场唯一性定理不适用于由多个媒质所组成的场域,而且不能利用此定理写出电磁场初边值问题的完整表达式。针对以上问题,本文把场论中的“高斯公式”应用于多媒质区域,导出了“多区域高斯公式”;在此基础上,完整地表述和证明了“时变电磁场唯一性定理”,明确了边界条件的使用方法和解的唯一性条件。     

模拟电路节点电压灵敏度权序列故障字典法

基于文献[1]中的节点电压灵敏度序列守恒定理和节点电压变化守恒定理,提出并证明了线性非容差模拟电路中节点电压灵敏度权序列守恒定理,以及它与节点电压变化量比值序列守恒定理的等价关系。在此理论基础上提出了节点电压灵敏度权序列故障字典法,该方法构造故障字典容易,故障字典规模小,能够诊断线性模拟电路软故障和硬故障。     

广义电磁互易定理及其在涡流无损检测中的应用

应用微分几何语言导出了广义电磁互易定理,并应用之推导了涡流无损检测数值分析中的弗雷德霍姆积分方程和线圈阻抗增量公式。     

Teaching electromagnetic field theory using differential forms

The calculus of differential forms has significant advantages over traditional methods as a tool for teaching electromagnetic (EM) field theory. First, films clarify the relationship between field intensity and flux density, by providing distinct mathematical and graphical representations for the two types of fields. Second, Ampere's and Faraday's laws obtain graphical representations that are as intuitive as the representation of Gauss's law. Third, the vector Stokes theorem and the divergence theorem become special cases of a single relationship that is easier for the student to remember, apply, and visualize than their vector formulations. Fourth, computational simplifications result from the use of forms: derivatives are easier to employ in curvilinear coordinates, integration becomes more straightforward, and families of vector identities are replaced by algebraic rules. In this paper, EM theory and the calculus of differential forms are developed in parallel, from an elementary, conceptually oriented point of view using simple examples and intuitive motivations. We conclude that because of the power of the calculus of differential forms in conveying the fundamental concepts of EM theory, it provides an attractive and viable alternative to the use of vector analysis in teaching electromagnetic field theory     

FSS设计中栅瓣现象的研究

栅瓣现象是影响频率选择表面（FSS）性能的重要因素，良好的FSS设计需要在工作频段内尽量避开或削弱栅瓣效应产生的影响。首先从电磁波传播的角度阐述了栅瓣现象产生的原因和条件。然后，依据周期结构的Floquet定理，总结了栅瓣与高阶Floquet可传播模式之问的联系，并且给出了Floquet模式的物理意义。同时针对厚壁波导型FSS结构进行仿真分析，研究其阵列周期及单元排布方式等因素对栅瓣的影响，并对大角度入射条件下的FSS设计提出了有价值的建议。     

直流无刷电机中齿槽转矩的能量分析

齿槽转矩是齿槽类无刷永磁电机的固有指标,在定子绕组断电状态下,由永磁体的永磁场与定子铁芯的齿槽结构相互作用形成电磁力,进而在圆周方向产生周期性的固定转矩。本文从能量守恒的角度出发,根据齿槽转矩的产生机理推导出齿槽转矩与电磁结构的公式关系,以3对极和6对极两款直流无刷电机为例,利用二维有限元法分析了齿槽转矩在圆周方向的能量分布,研究表明,相同槽数的电机在一个周期内符合能量守恒定律,极对数的不同会造成齿槽转矩不同,通过选择合理的方法能够有效的利用齿槽转矩达到电机断电制动的效果。     

考虑电枢速度的多级感应线圈炮最佳触发位置

针对多级感应线圈炮中,电枢的速度会影响驱动线圈的最佳触发位置,分析影响电枢受力的变量的特点,给出了电磁力的曲线.基于冲量定理,分析电枢的速度增量与电磁力及其作用时间之间的关系,得出最佳触发位置会随着电枢速度增加而不断提前的结论.为验证理论分析结果,建立感应线圈炮的仿真模型,对不同电枢初始速度下的驱动线圈最佳触发位置进行了仿真.仿真结果和分析完全一致,而且当电枢速度较高时最佳触发位置甚至会提前到电枢处于制动力的位置.通过仿真得到电枢初始速度与驱动线圈最佳触发位置之间的关系曲线,并据此给出多级感应线圈炮的触发控制策略.     

基于电磁感应原理的变电站接地网腐蚀诊断方法

为提高变电站接地网腐蚀诊断的效率和精度,提出一种新的诊断方法。基于有限元方法,计算激励电流在地表激发的磁感应强度,通过仿真计算,分析土壤结构对地表磁感应强度的影响;通过接地网的两下引导体直接注入和抽出异频的正弦波激励电流,基于电磁感应原理测量地表磁感应强度分布,诊断网格导体腐蚀变细和断点故障;结合变电站实际的电磁干扰环境,设计磁感应强度测量系统。实验和现场检测结果表明所提方法简便、有效,诊断系统满足测试需要,可用于工程实际。     

同步发电机的暂态电动势与次暂态电动势

本文基于：（１）戴维南定理；（２）同步发电机的磁场分布与由磁路的磁阻，磁导分析电抗的方法；（３）磁链守恒原理，但又不是通常解磁链方程组方法，而得到了对电力系统暂态分析有重要影响的同步发电要暂态与次暂态电动势，其特点是这两个电动势有清晰的物理意义，这也是首次说明这两个电动势的物理意义。     

Unified Theory of Electromagnetic Induction and Magnetic Resonant Coupling

The difference between electromagnetic induction and magnetic resonant coupling was pointed out in the first proposal of electromagnetic resonant coupling. However, there was no clear technical comparison between the two methods. Therefore, in this study, five circuits are compared by using a phasor diagram, which is a basic and well‐known method in electric circuit theory. The transition from typical electromagnetic induction to magnetic resonant coupling is shown. The mechanism of the high efficiency and high‐power transfer across a large air gap and displacement is discussed, where the primary‐ and secondary‐side resonant frequencies are the same. From the above discussion, we conclude that when the specific conditions of electromagnetic induction are satisfied, the wireless power transfer can be categorized as electromagnetic resonant coupling. The unified theory of electromagnetic induction and magnetic resonant coupling is verified through experiment.     

输电线路对短波无线电测向台(站)的无源干扰

特高压输电线路的建设对无线电设施造成了无源干扰,其主要是由输电线路的金属部件在无线电波激励下产生感应电流,进而产生反射波引起。该反射波会影响无线电测向台的测向精度,引起示向度误差。为此,建立了铁塔–架空地线系统的电磁散射模型,采用矩量法与电路相结合的方法求解输电线路在无线电波激励下产生的感应电流和反射波,该方法计算结果与解析法计算结果、现场试验测量数据吻合性较好。     

Transient characteristics of power cables: a new approach based on Poynting's theorem

Frequency-dependent transmission line parameters are analysed using Poynting's theorem. Using the general formulation of impedance and admittance matrices and solution for electromagnetic field vectors, wave propagation characteristics of the transmission line are obtained. The method is particularly useful for power cables, in which electromagnetic effects such as the proximity effect and electromagnetic shielding are strong. Calculations of underground eccentric cable characteristics illustrate the method. New formulae for inductances and conductor internal impedances are derived and new results for the propagation constant are given.     

基于压缩感知技术的电磁脉冲信号测量方法

电磁脉冲信号的详细衍变过程,特别是其陡峭前沿的变化信息,有助于深入理解电磁脉冲信号产生及传播过程,它对于我国国防和自然科学的发展都有着极其重要的科学和实践意义。本文提出一种基于三路并行低速模数转换器(TPL)的模拟信号压缩感知技术,通过对传感器输出的电磁脉冲信号进行欠采样(信号的采样频率低于奈奎斯特采样定理的要求),得到并恢复被测电磁脉冲信号的高速采集波形。基于TPL压缩感知技术的应用,可以降低被测电磁脉冲信号陡峭前沿对后端电子ADC采样速率的要求。本文针对TPL实现过程中稀疏字典、观测矩阵的建立方法,以及信号的重构方法进行了深入地研究,创新性地提出基于KSVD的原子数自适应字典构建方法。在此基础上,通过仿真和实验测试了TPL系统对电磁脉冲信号的压缩感知采集效果,以此验证了该方法的可行性。     

一种测定三芯电力电缆内各相芯线位置的方法

为解决三芯电力电缆质量检验过程中内部各相芯线位置难以测定的问题,提出了一种测定三芯电力电缆内各相芯线位置的方法。具体地,通过在三芯电力电缆外表面轴向横截面对称地安装2个磁传感器,在给该电缆内某单相芯线施加电流激励后,用磁传感器测量所在位置处磁感应强度的切向分量;根据2个磁传感器的测得量值,利用安培环路定理以及该单相芯线中心位置与磁传感器位置之间的几何关系,求解该单相芯线中心到三芯电力电缆中心的距离,以及该单相芯线中心和三芯电力电缆中心的连线与y轴之间的夹角,即可求解出该单相芯线的位置;通过给三相芯线分别施加电流激励,便可分别测得三相芯线的位置,从而实现对三芯电力电缆内各相芯线位置的测定。电磁场有限元仿真试验和解析模型计算的结果表明,此方法准确性高,对三芯电力电缆生产工艺水平提高和质量检验具有指导价值。     

双继电器内部结构之间电磁干扰的有限元分析

以双电磁继电器功能模块为研究对象,建立了三种典型结构的三维有限元模型,定量分析了各种结构下,由于磁场窜扰引起的继电器静态和动态特性的变化.并针对每种结构下继电器的三种工作状态,从静态吸合力矩、动态吸合时间以及干扰力矩大小等多个方面,分析了两继电器之间的电磁干扰情况.继电器动态特性的仿真分析结果与实测数据具有很好的一致性.本文所得结论可指导双继电器电磁系统的优化设计,是研究多个继电器之间电磁干扰问题的基础.     

TCSC暂态过程中晶闸管导通角特性的研究

当晶闸管触发角发生阶跃时,由于TCSC电路固有的电磁暂态特性,使得电容电压过零点发生偏移,因此导通角不会立刻达到预定目标值。章首先给出并证明了触发角阶跃变化与初始导通角之间的定性关系;然后通过分析晶闸管导通期间电容电压的解耦特性,推导出导通角的估算公式,定量地描述了暂态过程中导通角的变化规律。数字仿真验证了上述分析结论并进一步发现：导通角变化趋势与TCSC基频阻抗特性是完全一致的,从而揭示了选择不同同步信号时TCSC会表现出不同暂态响应特性的内在原因。     

新型Y/>/△接线平衡变压器短路计算及差动保护方案探讨

对Y/>/△接线的新型平衡变压器的接线方式和工作原理进行了分析,根据电磁耦合关系和戴维南定理推导出了简单实用的等值电路.随后利用电路理论对这种变压器的各种相间短路故障进行了分析,得到了各种故障情况下变压器高低压侧各相电流间的关系.此外,还提出了这种平衡变压器的纵差动保护的计算方法和接线方案,并利用上述短路计算所得结果验证了这种接线方案的正确性,为该变压器的推广应用奠定了基础.     

PLC近场测量天线适用性分析

讨论了PLC电磁辐射的近场测量问题,从近场耦合和相位不均2方面仿真分析了CISPR规定的鞭天线、环天线的适用性,为实际测量中天线的选用提供了依据。通过分析证明,近场时可以忽略两天线之间的近场耦合。     

Field approach to the three-dimensional boundary integral formulation

This paper addresses the problem of time-harmonic electromagnetic three-dimensional scattering in dissipative or dielectric media. A field approach to the well-known boundary integral formulation is derived from a general identity between two distinct electromagnetic states. The complete linear system of equations so obtained is overdetermined. A simple analysis of the regularity properties of the subsystems involved is shown.