硫酸装置的技术改造

我厂现有生产能力为:50 kt/a磷铵,80 kt/a硫酸,60 kt/a过磷酸钙,10 kt/a硫酸铝.1995年,对原50 kt/a硫酸系统扩能改造,以满足磷铵生产用酸.该项目耗资2 000多万元,于1997年9月一次点火成功.一年来的生产情况表明达到了预期目标. 1 改造目标、主要内容和特点 改造目标:一是使硫酸产量达到80 kt/a;二是采用先进工艺和设备,改善硫酸生产工艺条件及三废排放状况. 改造的主要内容: (1)改焙烧单一块矿为焙烧尾砂混矿.配套新建尾砂烘干、尾砂块矿混拌和贮运装置,并新建1套焙烧装置. (2)增设1套余热回收系统.副产中压饱和蒸汽,经减压至0.8 MPa后供磷铵车间使用,甩掉了原8 t/h锅炉.     

硫酸装置三废的治理

介绍沙河市鲁北化工有限责任公司解决硫酸三废治理达标排放的具体措施、技改新增设备及三废治理效果。耗水量由改造前12m3／h减为0．2m3／h;悬浮物由改造前1538mg／L(瞬时)降为小于200mg／L(常时)。     

SA溶液浓度对乳液静电纺丝SA/PCL纳米纤维成形的影响

乳液静电纺丝可制备同时含有亲水和亲油两相结构的复合纳米纤维。以聚己内酯(PCL)/三氯甲烷为连续相,海藻酸钠(SA)/去离子水为分散相,失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(Span80)为乳化剂,制备油包水(W/O)型乳液,并采用乳液静电纺丝技术制得SA/PCL复合纳米纤维膜,经与Ca2+置换制得海藻酸钙(CA)/PCL复合纤维膜,研究了SA溶液浓度对纤维成形的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂Span80和分散相SA水溶液的加入可有效增加PCL的可纺性;当乳液体系中SA溶液体积一定,SA溶液浓度对SA/PCL乳液的黏度无明显影响;随SA溶液浓度的增加,SA/PCL乳液的表面张力降低,SA/PCL复合纳米纤维的直径出现极大值,但均小于仅添加Span80所得的PCL纳米纤维;SA在复合纳米纤维成形过程中会向纤维表面迁移,从而可实现SA与Ca2+交换,且离子交换后形成纤维间的粘连结构。     

欧美将强制推广SA8000标准认证

国家认证认可监督管理委员会最近指出,预计20时年5月1日前,美国、欧洲一些国家将开始强制推广SA8000标准认证,这对我国的产品出口将形成新的贸易壁垒.     

变频调速器在硫酸生产中的应用

阐述变频调速的方法及节能原理。重点介绍了硫酸生产系统中各种设备使用变频器的方法和取得的实效。改造后硫酸生产共使用12台变频器,节电率达30%,年创经济效益100多万元。     

Characterization of oils of hazelnuts from Asturias,Spain

Nine varieties of virgin hazelnut oil from different autochthonous cultivars from distinct locations in Asturias (Spain) were obtained by extraction under a pressure of 280 kg/cm² at a temperature of 45 °C. The extracted oils were separated and filtered. The overall composition (percentages of husk, oil and moisture) of unhusked seeds was determined as well as moisture, ash, total sulfur and heat power of the husks for their possible use as biomass. Recovery of the oil extraction procedure for its application to the production of extra virgin edible hazelnut oil was studied. Fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol compositions as determined by capillary column gas chromatography and triglyceride compositions as determined by high performance liquid chromatography are reported in this study. All values were compared with a Turkish and a French hazelnut oil, with solvent‐extracted hazelnut oil and with a 75/25 blend. A cluster analysis was performed as a criterion to differentiate the different hazelnut oils as groups.     

Activities in Spain

The need for desalting sea and brackish water in peninsular Spain arises from the fact of the hydrographic irregularity so much in the time as in the space. In the former case this is owed to the fact that rivers in this country are more in the nature of torrents, since rainfall is so uneven throughtout the year and from one year to another. Irregularity in so far as space has caused the country to be known traditionally as Dry Spain and Wet Spain. The former includes desert areas, while there is practically no lack of water in many parts of the latter. Thus, the hydrographic region in the north, the site of rivers whose waters flow into the Atlantic and Cantabrian seas between the french and portuguese borders represents only a 11% of the entire country surface, yet this is where almost 40% of the natural resources of water are located. On the other hand, it is in the drier regions of Spain where farming of the greatest economic value to the country is located. Consequently, the Mediterranean littoral presents a great deficit in filling the current and the future demand (which, following the world trend, will triple in the next twenty years), since its share of total hydric resources is only 10%, although its holds the 30% of the total population.Deficiencies owed to irregularity in time and space are being corrected in large measure by artificially controlling flows with hyperannual reservoirs, thus making it possible to store 100% of rainfall ocurring in the course of the wet season for use throughtout the dry season.The shortcoming in so far as space is also being partially alleviated by means of major transfers from one stream to another, as is the case with the Tajo-Segura rivers, etc. However if we establish a hydraulic inventory of the current situation we would find that rivers in the northern half of the country reflect a surplus while there is extreme dearth in those on the Mediterranean among which latter should be pointed out the areas of Tarragona, Alicante, Almeria, Málaga, etc.Industrial concentration at Tarragona requires desalination of sea water. The same is the case for Alicante, Almeria and Málaga although demand in these arises from increase numbers of tourists. Short-term planning of desalination facilitiesare necessary in all.Installation of sea water desalination plants is now being required in the Balearics mainly in Ibiza, Formentera, etc.As regards the Canary Islands and notwithstanding desalination facilities already installed in the eastern islands, planning of future facilities is being considerably delayed.It is the purpose of this paper to conduct an analysis of the problem of water scarcity both in the peninsula (Mediterranean) and in the Balearic and Canary Archipiélagos looking to the year 2000. Resources and future demand are quantified in detail and the deficit that will occur from 1981 to 2000 being established. It is proposed that desalination facilities we consider necessary be planned with a view to resolving this problem in time.Additionally, a summary is offered of accomplishments to date in so far as municipal and industrial plants, as well as experimental or pilot plants.     

硫酸排渣系统的改造

60kt/a硫酸装置,沸腾炉排出的红渣温度高达800℃以上,原有排渣系统存在问题较多,造成污水处理费用大,环境恶劣。介绍改为干法排渣的工艺流程,主要设备冷却滚筒的结构、排渣能力,系统的运行情况。改造后,解决了红渣冷却效果差,水沫除尘器用水量大,废水多,外漏红渣,外冒红尘等问题。取得了较好的经济效益,年可减少维修费约2万元,节约自来水8万t。