Signal-to-noise ratio estimation based on Haar wavelet for cardiovascular bio-signals in web-based e-healthcare system

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The law of energy distribution of white noise (WN) in Haar wavelet decomposition levels (WDLs) of cardiovascular bio-signals including Phonocardiogram (PCG),...     

Embedded processor based automated assessment of quality of the water in an IoT background

For the life of human beings, water is necessary. While nearly 70% of the earth is drained, just 3% are known to be fresh water. Moreover, approximately 2.6% of the cooling water is not accessible to people. They are either trapped in glaciers and polar ice caps, contained in the soil or water, heavily poisoned, or unnecessarily drained below the Earth's surface. So only 0.4% of the drinkable water in the world is shared by the 7 billion inhabitants. Fresh water is therefore a valuable resource to be regulated and properly maintained. Only 80% of liquid fresh water should not be available to the public in many developing countries. By exponentially increasing the population of India, Fresh Water management in the farming, manufacturing and other fields is much more critical because of water requirements. “Physical, biological and chemical” parameters can be analyzed in determining the Fresh Water Quality. The scientists will manually carry out traditional water quality sampling. Nonetheless, this method takes a little bit of time and is cost-effective. Now, the IoT technology is used to track, capture and analyze the data in various fields of research. In this paper, we design a low-cost system to achieve water value in an IOT environment. The system consists of several sensors used for the calculation of chemical and physical water parameters. The machine learning algorithm has also been used to forecast water quality based on its data set, which were learned from a number of water samples. This system was modeled by using the U D00* 86 Ultra and Teensy++2.0 data processors at low budgets.     

Low complexity based ultra-high quality video compression method for multimedia-centric internet of things (IoT) services

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Internet of things (IoT) enables a number of embedded systems to interact for the purpose of various IoT applications such as home security, medical, smart...     

CPCQ: Contrast pattern based clustering quality index for categorical data

Clustering validation is concerned with assessing the quality of clustering solutions. Since clustering is unsupervised and highly explorative, clustering validation has been an important and long standing research problem. Existing validity measures, including entropy-based and distance-based indices, have significant shortcomings. Indeed, for many datasets from the UCI repository, they fail to recognize that the expert-determined classes are the best clusters and they frequently give preference to clusterings with larger number of clusters. Their weakness reflects their inability to accurately capture intra-cluster coherence and inter-cluster separation. This paper proposes a novel Contrast Pattern based Clustering Quality index (CPCQ) for categorical data, by utilizing the quality and diversity of the contrast patterns, which contrast the clusters in given clusterings. High quality contrast patterns can serve to characterize the clusters and discriminate one cluster against the others. The CPCQ index is based on the rationale that a high-quality clustering should have many diversified high-quality contrast patterns among its clusters. The quality of individual contrast patterns is defined in terms of their length, support, and the length of their corresponding closed pattern. The quality measure concerning “many diversified” contrast patterns is defined in terms of the quality and diversity of some selected groups of contrast patterns with minimal overlap among contrast patterns and groups in terms of items and matching transactions. Experiments show that the CPCQ index (1) does not require a user to provide a distance function; (2) does not give inappropriate preference to larger number of clusters; (3) can recognize that expert-determined classes are the best clusters for many datasets from the UCI repository.     

Approximation of fruit skin patterns using spherical Voronoi diagrams

In nature, there are many tessellation patterns on curved surfaces that look like Voronoi diagrams. Typical examples are the patterns found on fruit skins. Verifying that a given tessellation is a Voronoi diagram will be useful for constructing mathematical models of polygonal patterns. However, the data are usually obtained as a 2D projected image, and hence it is not easy to compare it with a Voronoi diagram on a curved surfaces. We propose a framework for using a photograph of a fruit to measure the difference between the pattern on its skin and a spherical Voronoi diagram. The problem of finding the spherical Voronoi diagram that best fits the fruit skin pattern is reduced to an optimization problem. The validity of this formulation is evaluated using jackfruit and lychee. We also propose generalizations of our problem for further research.     

基于Web的亚热带水果产品质量安全追溯系统关键技术研究

为了实现对亚热带水果"从果园到餐桌"全方位的跟踪和追溯,分析了水果产品生产流程并确定了影响其质量的关键点,以产品生产批次作为"身份标识",采用UCC/EAN-128编码方式结合流程编码、RFID和二维码等编码技术进行了追溯编码,并采用任务与角色相结合的权限分配策略,构建了一个多层次多用户权限动态管理的亚热带水果生产加工全过程的质量跟踪与追溯系统,为生产者、质检部门和消费者提供一个集产品生产加工诸环节的信息交流平台,并以网络、语音、短信、触摸屏向公众提供追溯查询和防伪服务,具有应用推广价值。     

Network attack prediction method based on threat intelligence for IoT

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and social networks, which enables better service discovery and improves...     

基于随机图的物联网多节点连通性判定方法

多节点协作已成为物联网的重要应用趋势,为了确保多个节点之间的可靠协作,提出了一种基于随机图的多节点连通性判定方法.首先,根据节点之间的直接连通概率构建节点连通性随机图;然后将所构建的随机图拆分为包含协作组节点的目标组件和不包含协作组节点的中继组件,从而将协作组内多节点之间的连通性转换为组件之间的连通性;最后,提出了测试组件之间连通性的算法,其中定义了与直接连通概率有关的测试规则以对组件之间测试边的测试优先级进行排序.仿真结果表明,相比于现有方法,所提方法能够以较低的成本获得较高的准确度.     

基于区块链的5G物联网数据共享方案

海量的物联网数据拥有巨大价值,而现有基于云的数据共享机制,面临单点故障、内部泄露等问题,无法确保用户数据的安全共享。为实现高效可信的数据共享,利用区块链技术,提出了基于区块链的5G物联网数据共享方案。该方案首先设计了数据共享框架和数据共享流程;然后基于闪电网络方案,提出了面向物联网数据共享的链下交易机制。实验分析表明,基于区块链的5G物联网数据共享方案具有较强的抗攻击能力;基于闪电网络的交易机制,能够大幅提高交易吞吐量、降低交易时延。     

A decentralized honeypot for IoT Protocols based on Android devices

International Journal of Information Security - The exponential growth of internet connected devices in this past year has led to a significant increase in IoT targeted attacks. The lack of proper...     

IoT based smart agrotech system for verification of Urban farming parameters

The recent seen intelligent technologies like the internet of things (IoT), computer vision etc. facilitates farming activities and also provides flexible farm operations. On the other side, farming has become feasible even in urban areas, especially building roofs, open gardens, and indoor agriculture. In this context, farm management and appropriate monitoring of farm parameters are now indispensable for productive farming in smart cities or rural areas. In this paper, an IoT based Smart AgroTech system is proposed in the context of urban farming that considers humidity, temperature, and soil moisture as necessary farming parameters. The proposed system decides whether the irrigation action should begin or stop depending on the farming land condition and provides the monitoring facility and remote control to the farm owner. The system's reliability is verified by determining the error percentage between actual data and observed data at different observations. The average error rate for humidity and soil moisture is below 3% and for temperature is below 1.5%. The system ascertains a feasible Smart AgroTech system that provides advantages to the farming activities in future cities than other conventional methods.     

一种针对图像模糊的无参考质量评价指标

在成像模型的基础上,分析了图像模糊的原因,提出了一种为图像构造参考图像的方法,进而将结构相似度(SSIM)评价方法引入到无参考图像质量评价中,提出一种无参考结构清晰度(NRSS)的新的无参考图像质量评价方法,将其用于对模糊图像的质量评价。该方法通过低通滤波器来构造参考图像,通过计算原始图像与参考图像的结构相似度值来评价原始图像质量,很好地结合了成像系统的数学模型和结构相似度评价方法的优势,实验结果表明无参考结构清晰度评价指标能够给出和主观评价方法以及其余有参考评价方法一致的结果。     

嵌入式Web控制终端的物联网移动E-Laboratory平台

为了进一步提高大学校园设备资源的利用率,实现多种实验装置的网络化控制和用户终端移动化,基于物联网技术,将LAMP移植到采用ARM架构的微处理器上,通过搭建嵌入式Web控制终端,对Web服务平台进行了详细的设计,实现了多种实验装置的网络化控制;将单自由度机械臂系统这一实验装置与EWC_T连接,基于Android操作系统上开发了一个应用,设计并搭建了Mobile Experiment系统,实现了网络化实验室平台的用户终端的移动化;通过实验证明该系统能够可靠地完成对实验装置的远程控制,并具有低功耗、低成本和便携性好等优点。     

基于集成学习的物联网设备异常流量检测算法

随着物联网设备数量的快速增长,被劫持的物联网设备组成的僵尸网络发起非法攻击的频率大大增加,物联网设备的安全性已经成为一个严峻的问题。为了检测物联网设备发起的异常流量,提出一种集成学习的个体学习器选择算法（individual learner selection algorithm,IISA）,IISA是一种基于相关系数度量的选择方法,利用相关系数将相似度差异大的个体学习器集成起来并采用投票的方式进行判决,在减少个体学习器的同时,提高检测的准确度和检测效率。实验结果表明,和八种半监督机器学习检测算法相比,其查全率最大降低9.12%,准确率最大提高4.69%,检测效率最大提高70.72%。     

基于实用拜占庭容错的物联网入侵检测方法

物联网入侵的检测率虽高，但面临节点能力消耗过大的问题，为此提出一种基于共识的实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）算法的入侵检测方法。首先，使用支持向量机（SVM）进行预训练得到入侵检测判定规则，并将训练规则应用于物联网中的每个节点；然后，选举出部分节点对网络中其他节点进行主动入侵检测，同时将自身的检测结果向其他节点公布；最后，每个节点依据PBFT算法判断其他节点的状态，使检测结果在系统内达到一致性。在NSL-KDD数据集上使用TinyOS进行仿真的实验结果表明，所提方法与集成入侵检测系统（ⅡDS）和双重降维双重检测（TDTC）方法相比，能量消耗平均降低12.2%和7.6%，能够有效地降低物联网的能量消耗。     

融合CNN-LSTM和注意力机制的空气质量指数预测

针对空气质量预测中复杂的时空问题,本文构造了多站点间的交互时空特征,搭建了结合CNN和LSTM的深度时空模型,并引入注意力机制学习多特征之间的权重分布,找出对空气质量指数(AQI)影响较大的特征重点关注,构造了融合CNN-LSTM和注意力机制的AQI预测模型。使用2019年1月至2020年12月间运城市各站点的小时粒度数据进行实验,结果表明,该模型对空气质量指数的预测较基模型具有更优的性能。     

ECCbAS: An ECC based authentication scheme for healthcare IoT systems

Smart technology is a concept for efficiently managing smart things such as vehicles, buildings, home appliances, healthcare systems and others, through the use of networks and the Internet. Smart architecture makes use of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), fog computing, and cloud computing. The Smart Medical System (SMS), which is focused on communication networking and sensor devices, is one of the applications used in this architecture. In a smart medical system, a doctor uses cloud-based applications such as mobile devices, wireless body area networks, and other cloud-based apps to provide online therapy to patients. Consequently, with the advancement and growth of IoT and 6G wireless technology, privacy and security have emerged as two of the world’s most important issues. Recently, Sureshkumar et al. proposed an authentication scheme for medical wireless sensor networks (MWSN) by using an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) based lightweight authentication protocol and claimed that it provides better security for smart healthcare systems. This paper will demonstrate that this protocol is susceptible to attacks such as traceability, integrity contradiction, and de-synchronization with the complexity of one run of the protocol and a success probability of one. Furthermore, we also propose an ECC based authentication scheme called ECCbAS to address the Sureshkumar et al. protocol’s vulnerabilities and demonstrate its security using a variety of non-formal and formal methods.     

基于ZigBee的农业物联网监测系统的设计与实现

针对目前的农业物联网系统,提出了一种基于ZigBee的监测技术的实现方法。在每个采集周期里,数据采集器会主动采集一次传感器的数据并上报至中央服务器。系统可组网,各个分散的节点自动加入mesh网络,中央服务器也可远程对各个节点进行参数配置。由于采用太阳能电池优先供电的方案,因此该系统实现了低成本、低功耗和高性能三者的平衡。     

Performance enhancement of efficient process based on Carry-Skip Adder for IoT applications

IoT provides a platform for every device to be connected by means of a stable internet connection. The interoperability of the devices helps to communicate and exchange data between one another and increases the power consumption of devices. When creating a new IoT system or rebuilding the existing ones, the low power circuit design is considered as an essential factor. In the low power circuit design, the most challenging aspect to overcome is to reduce the leakage power, because the battery-operated devices are fast in draining energy when left long in the standby mode. Reducing the delay of a ripple carry adder can be only accomplished with Carry-Skip Adder (CSA) with minimal effort when compared to other techniques like a carry-look ahead adder. The carry skip adder belongs to the family of bypass adders, and its main aim is to improve the worst-case delay of the IoT device based on its area and power consumption. The CSA used in the proposed method for the IoT processor helps to increase the performance of the system relative to average power dissipation, leakage power, power delay product, and propagation delay.