基于SNA的工程组织BIM采纳提升路径研究

以工程组织为研究对象,基于制度与技术互动的视角,识别并精炼21项影响工程组织BIM采纳的因素。在此基础上,应用社会网络分析进行网络整体及个体因素间作用关系研究,探究工程组织如何提高其BIM采纳。研究发现领导/管理风格是影响组织BIM采纳的主导因素,资金支持和组织学习与创新是组织提升BIM采纳的关键。此外,探析了BIM采纳提升路径,为促进各影响因素持续改善、组织BIM采纳不断提升提出针对性建议。     

国外BIM的发展及其对我国土木工程专业教学改革的启示

通过对国外BIM发展应用的介绍,结合中国建筑业所面临的机遇和挑战,分析中国建设行业信息化现状及BIM技术的应用,指出基于BIM技术的工程项目信息管理模式与发展趋势,并阐述其对中国高校土木工程专业BIM人才培养模式改革的启示,提出从课程设置、应用技术、应用管理层面建立符合BIM发展所需要的人才队伍。     

中国建筑业BIM 发展的阻碍因素分析

结合中国建筑业所面临的机遇和挑战,BIM 在中国建筑业发展中是不可或缺的。然而,中国建筑业对其的接受程度仍然较低,BIM 在中国的发展相对比较缓慢。研究的目的在于,明确中国在引进及应用BIM 的过程中所存在的阻碍因素。通过对国内外BIM 相关文献的查阅和专家访谈,确定建筑业BIM 发展的普遍阻碍因素,进而对中国建筑业的相关人员进行问卷调查,得出41 项阻碍中国建筑业BIM 发展的因素。使用层次分析法对阻碍因素进行分析,识别出其中15 个因素为关键阻碍因素。最终提出克服关键阻碍因素、促进中国建筑业BIM 引进和应用的方案。     

Learning approaches for housing,service and infrastructure project organizations

Capturing and sharing experiences that may be applicable in several projects is generally recognized as a way of enhancing the performance of construction projects. Several studies have reported difficulties in applying learning approaches that could be applicable for a wide range of projects. The learning behaviour in three types of construction project: housing, service and infrastructure, is examined by the means of a questionnaire study including 51 construction projects and more than 800 responses from clients, designers, contractors’ managers, contractors’ workers and subcontractors. The effects of leadership, openness and influence are considered. Based on a factor analysis, three approaches to learning were identified: organizing for learning, experimenting and networking. While housing project organizations do not demonstrate any specific preferences, service project organizations show a focus on networking and infrastructure project organizations show the highest interest in experimenting. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that learning approaches are dependent on the type of project. Thus adopting different learning approaches for different types of construction project seems to be a more relevant strategy than implementing a ‘one size fits all’ learning approach for all construction project organizations.     

Technology adoption in the BIM implementation for lean architectural practice

Justification for researchThe construction companies are facing barriers and challenges in BIM adoption as there is no clear guidance or best practice studies from which they can learn and build up their capacity for BIM use in order to increase productivity, efficiency, quality, and to attain competitive advantages in the global market and to achieve the targets in environmental sustainability.

Purpose

This paper aims to explain a comprehensive and systemic evaluation and assessment of the relevant BIM technologies as part of the BIM adoption and implementation to demonstrate how efficiency gains have been achieved towards a lean architectural practice.Design/methodology/approachThe research is undertaken through a KTP (Knowledge Transfer Partnership) project between the University of Salford and the John McCall Architects based in Liverpool, which is an SME (Small Medium Enterprise). The overall aim of KTP is to develop a lean design practice through the BIM adoption and implementation. The overall BIM implementation approach uses a socio-technical view in which it does not only consider the implementation of technology but also considers the socio-cultural environment that provides the context for its implementation. The technology adoption methodology within the BIM implementation approach is the action research oriented qualitative and quantitative research for discovery, comparison, and experimentation as the KTP project with JMA provides an environment for “learning by doing”.

Findings

Research has proved that BIM technology adoption should be undertaken with a bottom-up approach rather than top-down approach for successful change management and dealing with the resistance to change. As a result of the BIM technology adoption, efficiency gains are achieved through the piloting projects and the design process is improved through the elimination of wastes and value generation.

Originality/value

Successful BIM adoption needs an implementation strategy. However, at operational level, it is imperative that professional guidelines are required as part of the implementation strategy. This paper introduces a systematic approach for BIM technology adoption based on a case study implementation and it demonstrates a guideline at the operational level for other architectural companies of architectural practices.     

Understanding adoption and use of BIM as the creation of actor networks

There has been a considerable time lag between the emergence of visionary expectations of BIM's (Building Information Models) transformative potential in the architecture, engineering and construction industry, and the deployment of the technology in the industry's daily practice. By viewing adoption and use of BIM as the inter-linkage of actors forming a building and construction project, the aim of the paper is to uncover mechanisms facilitating and constraining the creation of actor networks in which BIM is adopted and used. The aim is pursued by a case study in a major Swedish construction company. It is concluded that the possibility of incremental implementation of BIM applications is well aligned with the character of the industrial context. But the context can also constrain the use of applications requiring more long term thinking. However, because of the disruptive nature of building and construction projects, the challenge is to maintain and re-establish the network in which BIM is used in consecutive projects. When clients and regulating bodies recognize benefits from BIM usage, the main obstacle created by these characteristics of the industry will diminish.     

A Quantitative Study of the Relationship between Project Performance and BIM Use on Commercial Construction Projects in the USA

This article reports the findings of a quantitative study on the relationship between various project performance outcomes and the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM), within the commercial construction industry. The literature review identified inconsistent results among prior qualitative and quantitative work concerning the relationships of key project performance measures and BIM use. Data on 13 variables from 93 completed construction projects were collected and examined through a causal comparative research design. Projects that used BIM (in design or construction) were not found to experience significant performance outcomes when controlling for the contribution of other independent variables and covariates at the 95% confidence level (CL). At the lower 90% CL, however, projects using BIM in construction experienced significantly higher levels of schedule growth than projects that did not use BIM in construction. Recommendations are made for training of construction management staff as a step to avoid unwanted schedule growth associated with BIM use during construction. This study is one of a very small group of rigorous quantitative analyses of BIM project performance outcomes conducted to date; additionally, it is the only study that has analyzed BIM in a multivariate context that controlled for the contribution of other project variables not directly related to BIM use.     

Modeling strategic alignment in project networks

This paper explores the challenges that occur when collaborating organizations seek to align multiple strategic objectives through a single construction project and examines those factors that influence the strategy of a project network. Unlike intra-organizational projects that operate in the boundaries of a single organization, a project network operates in an environment of overlapping boundaries whereby multiple organizations simultaneously seek to ensure their strategic objectives are realized through a single strategic project. A model presenting a hierarchy of inter-organizational strategic objectives is developed from the empirical findings of a study of four construction projects. Internal and external tensions influencing the project strategy of the network are identified. The study finds that effective project governance, leadership and taking account of client complexity are important in the strategic alignment of inter-organizational projects, and this informs the development of the new model.     

虚拟施工的BIM应用:三大高校合作项目

越来越多的设施业主要求项目组移交竣工BIM模型,以便用于建筑的运营和维护。根据项目要求的不同,业主可能将竣工模型建立与移交的责任指派给总承包商。因此,施工队伍的各成员不但越来越需要熟悉BIM建模软件的应用,还需熟悉利用可靠的设施信息支持完整BIM的必要业务流程。竣TBIM模型的创建,要求承包商首先要基于建筑师、工程师和顾问等设计师所提供的图纸和信息的基础上,创建建筑,结构和设备模型。这要求承包商的组织机构内要有一名人员具备各与专业设计模型相关的技能和知识。一旦设计模型被创建(或重新创建),承包商可将这些模型用于开发施工用的BIM模型。一个完整的施工模型通常包括:成本估算,施工进度计划、冲突检测与分析以及现场物流。业主对设施管理用竣工模型提出新增要求,包括添加运营和维护用的具体数据。本文所述项目旨在为了更好地了解,在为业主实施BIM的项目上,承包商对项目所起作用的复杂性。为实现此目标,三所大学合作建立了数个校际团队,从每所学校各抽调一名学生分配至三个团队的一个,充当BIM商业建筑项目BIM应用里的承包商角色。本文从两个方面汇报项目的挑战和细节:导师——项目组织、学习目标和策略,学生——项目组织、团队合作过程以及策略。     

Site managers’ daily work and the uses of building information modelling in construction site management

The use of building information modelling (BIM) and related software tools is increasingly expanding in the work of site managers in construction projects. The early uses of BIM in the actual tasks of site managers are explored by examining the utilization of BIM in their work and the challenges in the deployment of the new digital tools for traditional project collaboration. The ethnographic method of the study consists of shadowing the site managers’ work. The site managers actively used BIM and found it beneficial for their daily work. However, the use of BIM in construction sites is still limited because only a few managers have the competence to use BIM software tools, mobile tools are lacking, and the information content of the models needed for construction work is insufficient.     

建筑工程项目参与方BIM采纳影响因素及应对策略

分析BIM技术在我国建筑工程项目中的推广动因,分别从业主方、设计方、施工方、监理方阐述建筑工程项目参与方BIM采纳影响因素,并从政府角度提出加强推广、完善法律及标准、促进软件发展方面,以及从项目各参与方角度提出构建利益分配制度、制定人才储备方案、建立有效协作模式等方面应对策略。     

普通高等学校基建项目 BLT 模式研究

为解决普通高等学校基建项目存在的融资可持续发展问题,通过对普通高等学校教育经费构成和融资现状的分析,并综合考虑普通高等学校可行的融资方式和学校基础设施建设过程中的任务分配情况,构建了基于决策树分析法的普通高等学校基建项目开发模式。经过方案论证,重点考虑将 BLT 模式引入普通高等学校基础设施建设和开发中,并详细分析了其运作流程和主要风险。应用该模式是普通高等学校基建项目融资方式的创新,有利于缓解普通高等学校基建项目的资金压力并提高项目管理效率。     

Users-orientated evaluation of building information model in the Chinese construction industry

In the last decade, building information modelling (BIM) has emerged as one of the most powerful dynamic decision-making tools throughout a project lifecycle, as its encapsulated information synchronises with construction practices. Many reports indicate that BIM has entered the mainstream use in some countries. However, BIM has experienced slow and limited spread adoption in other countries. We propose a comprehensive research model to examine the factors that influence the adoption of BIM. The model draws on technology acceptance model and innovation diffusion theory and is validated using survey data from the construction industry in China. The findings demonstrate that attitude, technological, and organisational dimensions indirectly affect the actual use of BIM through perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU), with PU and PEU being the primary determinants of BIM adoption. Furthermore, a striking finding was the positive influence of the attitude dimension on the actual use of BIM.     

An optimisation process to motivate effective adoption of BIM for refurbishment of complex buildings in New Zealand

Despite the multidisciplinary networks involved in refurbishment of complex building projects, the lack of BIM adoption signifies lack of real BIM benefits towards acceptance of BIM within Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC).To this end, this study empirically examines the potential real benefits between traditional network and BIM network for a real-time refurbishment case study project, through agent-based simulation modelling. A social network analysis theory is adapted to model the project interaction networks and a BIM prototype network. An assessment of the main stakeholders for BIM perception is carried out. We offered three prototype interaction networks for comparison of real BIM benefit.An agent-based Bayesian network model is used to simulate the propagation of design error within the project networks. The result of the analysis show that BIM project diffuses error efficiently, while stakeholders recovers faster and nearly at the same time than traditional network. The optimised network shows better performance to the traditional network, when there is early involvement of subcontractors. The main contribution of this study is providing a novel approach to compare real benefits for traditional method to BIM method for refurbishment project and to provide avenue for project stakeholders to optimise their interaction through adoption of BIM.     

BIM技术在兰州西客站站房工程中的典型应用

文章以兰州西客站项目中BIM技术的应用为例,探索施工企业在火车站站房类工程中施工流程、工程难点、解决方案、专业化应用等BIM技术的典型应用,为类似工程提供参照意义。通过集中解决土建工程量计算、钢结构屋面网架的二次深化设计和吊装施工模拟等重点难点,进而提高了专业化应用的质量,充分发挥了BIM技术在提高施工企业＂三控三管及协调＂、绿色施工等方面的作用。     

Integrated visualized time control system for repetitive construction projects

Construction control is an essential management function for successful delivery and achieving of construction projects’ goals. Considerable research efforts have been done regarding project control. However, literature suffers from a lack of visualizing the controlling process. With the growth of using visualization techniques in construction, Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) have recently attained a widespread contribution in visualization of construction progress. BIM is a process of creating virtual models data that represents building facilities. In this research, BIM represents a platform for nD (n-Dimensional) visualization of construction progress. The advantages of this paper stems from three main contributions for construction projects control: 1) developing of a mathematical model for time control of repetitive construction projects; 2) an automated system to dynamically integrate project progress with BIM technique; and 3) a GIS-based tool to visualize the progress of distributed sites. The developed model provides abundant information to help decision makers take the appropriate corrective actions. An example application is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the developed system.     

基于BIM 的水闸工程信息化运维管理系统设计与应用研究

针对水闸工程传统运维管理中存在的信息化水平不高如数据管理方式落后、信息资料保存分散易损、管理人员安全保障工作较少等问题,以BIM技术为核心,B/S架构为基础,同时整合当前水闸工程设计与建造信息,将水闸管理中涉及的水闸基础信息、控制运用信息、检查检测及运维养护管理、资料档案管理等信息与BIM构件结合,形成水闸BIM模型的快速建立及多属性信息整合的水闸运维管理平台,极大提高了当前时期水闸工程运维管理效率。     

Assessing the implementation of BIM – an information systems approach

Much attention has been paid to measuring the perceived benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). Yet despite an increase its adoption throughout the construction industry, important links between implementation, support and benefits are yet to be explored. We examine the constitutive elements of the BIM implementation process of two case studies implementing and using BIM: the first is a large urban regeneration project, and the second is a healthcare project. A well-recognised model of system success is mobilized from the field of information systems (ISs) to reveal that irrespective of project size and type, BIM benefits are confined to technically discrete productivity and efficiency gains when there is limited focus on the organizational aspects of BIM adoption. This paper focuses on the disconnections between organizational and project level BIM implementation using the DeLone and McLean Model as an analytical framework to systematically examine the benefits of BIM to each project in relation to the implementation approach employed. This study highlights the significance of these interdependencies and argues for a more comprehensive approach to BIM benefits capture that recognises this to usefully inform implementation strategy development.     

施工企业BIM采纳率研究——基于主体建模法

采用基于主体建模的方法,分析BIM应用程度和项目风险对一定区域范围内施工企业BIM采纳率的影响。研究发现,BIM应用程度对BIM采纳率的影响作用具有一定的波动性;而项目风险对BIM采纳率的影响趋势则呈现单调性;在BIM应用程度和项目风险对BIM采纳率的影响作用中,企业的风险承受能力发挥较为显著的调节作用。     

Building Information Modeling (BIM) outsourcing among general contractors

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process used by Architecture Engineering Construction (AEC) stakeholders which simulates a construction project in a multi-dimensional digital model and provides multitudes of project benefits from project inception to its occupancy. However, a variety of barriers impede a holistic BIM implementation. Due to these barriers, some general contractors outsource the creation and use of BIM models to specialized Information Technology (IT) firms. Since limited literature currently exists for BIM outsourcing, this study aims to identify BIM outsourcing patterns among the general contractors across the US and the perceived impacts it has on construction projects. Analysis of two-hundred and fifty-two complete responses from general contracting firms determines that 45% of responding companies have outsourced BIM, this signifies that outsourcing has become an important facet of BIM implementation. Data was also collected on company demographics, BIM outsourcing locations, strategic reasons for outsourcing, and various other aspects related to BIM outsourcing. The results indicate that respondents perceive BIM outsourcing as less efficient than in-house BIM implementation. However, continued use of outsourcing for BIM functions also displays the adaptability of the industry in meeting challenges and embracing new technology through alternative methods, despite the potential risks.