Assessing contractor selection criteria weights with fuzzy AHP method application in group decision environment

A tender procedure should facilitate selection of a reliable contractor with consideration to many criteria. Polish public procurement law, harmonized with EU guidelines on the subject, describes selection procedures in detail. Similar procedures are adopted by private sector clients as there exist no private sector specific procurement codes of practice. In the case of public procurement, the bid selection criteria have to refer to the object of procurement and not to the proprieties of a bidder. The client, in order to assure adequate quality of works (i.e. selection of a reliable and capable contractor) can, within the limits enforced by law, set conditions the bidders have to fulfill if they are to participate in a tender or negotiation procedure. The assessment based on criteria related with a bidder's technical and economic capability can be made also at the prequalification stage in restricted tendering procedures. The authors suggest the application of an extended fuzzy AHP method to the process of group decision making. This approach facilitates defining criteria weights by aggregation of decision makers' judgments. The paper presents an example that illustrates this approach to determining criteria weights for bidder assessment. The results show that the proposed fuzzy AHP method is superior to the traditional AHP in terms of improved quality of criteria prioritization.     

进一步规范建筑工程招投标市场探析

在分析建筑工程招投标市场存在问题及这些问题产生的原因基础上，就如何进一步规范建筑工程招投标市场提出了相应的对策，从而把建筑工程招投标工作更好地纳入法制化轨道。     

Mobilizing the skills of specialist firms to reduce costs and enhance performance in the European construction industry: two case studies

Analyses are made of procurement strategies capable of leading to cost reduction and higher quality through the contribution of specialized firms. An exploration is made of the literature concerning the procurement of manufactured goods and progress by analysing two case studies: the East Bridge of the Storebælt link and the Grand Canal Maritime bridge. Both these projects adopted procurement systems that led to a learning process capable of enhancing performance and reducing overall costs. It is evident that the success of learning-oriented procurement strategies relies on two major conditions. First, the client's tender must be issued with an open design demanding an active contribution from the firms involved in the construction process. Second, the firms bidding for the job must be able to manage two distinct sets of skills: the technical skills relating to a specific production process and the ability to connect these skills to the client's needs through a co-design process, or what is known as the strategic intermediation function.     

浅谈建筑工程造价的控制与管理

针对建筑工程造价控制的重要性,指出建筑工程造价控制应贯穿于项目的全过程,对决策阶段、设计阶段、招标阶段、实施阶段及竣工结算阶段的工程造价控制进行了探讨,以实现预期投资目标,充分发挥投资效益.     

市政基础设施工程设计招投标问题及对策

为促进市政基础设施设计招投标活动的顺利、高效开展,采用理论分析法对当前招投标过程中存在的问题进行研究并提出对策建议。在分析市政基础设施工程设计特点的基础上,总结和描述市政基础设施工程设计招投、投标和评标过程中存在的招标程序与审批程序不兼容、招标范围界定不合理、对未中标单位没有适当补偿等问题,并分析这些问题产生的原因。针对这些问题从调整招标程序、细化招标范围、电子化招标等方面提出相应的建议。     

Survey of digital technologies in procurement of construction projects

Digital technologies are increasingly being used to support the execution of all aspects of the construction procurement process. However, there has been no systematic attempt to identify and catalogue the different digital technologies and tools available for executing construction procurement activities so as to guide those involved in procurement on the options available to support the six basic procurement activities identified in ISO 10845. The method used to identify 36 different digital technologies and tools used in construction procurement was a literature survey involving systematic identification and review of 78 articles published in 52 different sources between 1993 and 2014. The 36 digital technologies and tools identified include ten generic tools used across the procurement process. This is followed by four applications for establishing what is to be procured; four for soliciting tender offers; one for establishment of procurement strategy; two for tender evaluation, two for award of contract and thirteen for contract administration. The research shows that the majority of existing digital technologies are web-based applications that facilitate real-time communication and collaboration across construction supply chains. The effort made to map digital technologies with the ISO 10845 framework presents a useful contribution to current discourse on digital technology use in construction procurement. It seems interesting that despite the progress made in the evolution and use of digital technologies in construction, there is still no single digital technology which integrates all six construction procurement activities into a system that procurers can adopt to manage the entire construction procurement lifecycle. This should be addressed.     

模糊一致矩阵理论在建筑设计方案优选中的应用

建筑设计方案的优选是一项复杂的决策过程。运用模糊一致矩阵理论,建立建筑设计方案优选的数学模型,对设计方案进行多阂素综合评价,克服了建筑设计方案选择中影响因素的粗略性以及人为主观判断的随意性,从而获得良好的经济效益和社会效益。实例表明,采用该方法进行建筑设计方案的优选是可行的、有效的。     

Finite air mixing rates in building and its impact on the energy requirements for heating and cooling

The Numerical Simulation Laboratory (NSL) was started in 1971 in order to address a fundamental problem facing both practicing design professionals and architecture students. That is, that although architects are aware that their design decisions influence the energy demand of buildings; there was, and still is, little information available which can be used to help determine the precise quantitative significance that each architectural decision has on energy demand.The original purpose of the NSL was to address this problem within the academic context. Since then most of the analytical capabilities developed have also been used as research as well as design aids.     

An introduction to the Numerical Simulation Laboratory at the University of Texas

The Numerical Simulation Laboratory (NSL) was started in 1971 in order to address a fundamental problem facing both practicing design professionals and architecture students. That is, that although architects are aware that their design decisions influence the energy demand of buildings; there was, and still is, little information available which can be used to help determine the precise quantitative significance that each architectural decision has on energy demand.The original purpose of the NSL was to address this problem within the academic context. Since then most of the analytical capabilities developed have also been used as research as well as design aids.     

行政服务中心建筑设计浅析

阐述了宁波市拟建行政服务中心工程建筑方案征集投标设计中标方案,鉴于行政服务中心建筑的特殊功能,重点介绍了该建筑的总体布局、建筑形象、功能分区、交通流线组织和技术措施,以期为类似建筑设计积累经验。     

Sustainable Infrastructure Multi-Criteria Preference Assessment of Alternatives for Early Design

The tradeoffs between the economic, social, and environmental aspects of infrastructures are not easily evident to decision makers and stakeholders in the initial design phase. This lack of insight, often leads to designs that compromise the social and environmental aspects of designs in order to reduce the initial construction costs of infrastructure assets. In addition to the lack of insight, currently available methods for analyzing alternative infrastructure configurations with respect to decision maker preferences: require analysis on a case-by-case (e.g., pairwise) basis; are not appropriate for the initial design phase (e.g., are time-consuming); and are not adaptable to a range of alternative design solutions (e.g., adding and removing alternatives might require a re-ranking from the decision maker). This paper presents a modular preference function development strategy that aims to address these issues, termed Sustainable Infrastructure Multi-Criteria Preference assessment of aLternatives for Early Design (SIMPLE-Design). The proposed strategy develops utility functions (indifference curves) for assessing decision maker preferences with regard to various tradeoffs of alternative design options, and leverages available data to provide decision makers with a consistent frame of reference for assessing alternatives. An illustration presented for a decision support tool using the Simple-Design strategy assesses decision maker preferences for commercial buildings with respect to initial construction costs, building damage and business interruption costs, casualty costs (due to the occurrence of natural hazard events), and CO₂ emission costs. The designed decision support tool provides streamlined information to support preference assessment with reasonably low cognitive load. Ten out of the twelve decision support tool users stated that allowing the decision makers to define alternatives of equal utility (value) in a systematic manner, and providing information on the various cost types (decision criteria), are the most essential elements of the assessment strategy. The presented modular preference assessment framework, as well as the decision support tool itself, are generalizable and can be adapted to other infrastructure types. The contribution to the body of knowledge is a holistic preference assessment framework that allows decision makers to make more informed decisions—and designers to better incorporate the preferences of the decision makers—during the early design process.     

运用虚拟现实技术辅助可持续建筑参与式设计

参与式设计方法已经被广泛应用于可持续建筑设计。虚拟现实技术创造出的多维虚拟环境能为参与式设计过程中、有着不同知识背景的参与者提供交流平台，并促进知识传递。实际案例分析基础上的比较研究显示．在建筑设计的不同阶段，运用虚拟现实技术来辅助决策的效果有所不同——在设计初期时所起的作用有限，随着模型细节的深化，其在设计后期促进交流时效果显著。     

信息纽带、刚柔之美：桂阳县广电中心投标方案回顾

广电建筑是广播电视的制作和传输中心,在城市生活中所起着不可或缺的作用,也是城市的标志性建筑之一。通过对广电中心投标方案的回顾,展示了地域文化与建筑功能、造型相结合的设计过程。     

Decision‐making in a model‐based design process

Decisions early in the design process have a big impact on the life cycle performance of a building. The outcome of a construction project can be improved if different design options can rapidly be analysed to assist the client and design team in making informed decisions in the design process. A model‐based design approach can facilitate the decision‐making process if the design alternatives' performances can be evaluated and compared. A decision‐making framework using a performance‐based design process in the early design phase is proposed. It is developed to support decision‐makers to take informed decisions regarding the life cycle performance of a building. A scenario is developed in order to demonstrate the proposed framework of evaluating the different design alternatives' energy performance. The framework is applicable to decision‐making in a structured design process, where design alternatives consisting of both objective and subjective evaluation criteria can be evaluated.     

加强企业工程造价管理的要点

介绍了工程造价管理自工程招投标开始至工程竣工结算为止的流程,探讨了施工企业招标及施工过程中的工程造价管理,提出了进行工程项目成本控制的建议,强调了工程造价资料整理工作的重要性,以提高建筑安装施工企业的经济效益。     

如何营造合理最低价中标的建筑市场环境

就合理最低价中标的内涵进行了介绍，探讨了合理最低价中标的现实意义，深入探讨了合理最低价中标法对建筑市场环境的要求，以规范建筑工程承发包行为，促进建筑市场健康发展。     

Building Procurement in Social Housing in Britain: A Review of the Main Issues

Procurement, meaning the process through which a purchaser obtains a product or a service, is at the heart of the development process in social housing and is, for this reason, crucial to the implementation of publicly-funded housing programmes. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of different procurement methods, particularly their implications for value-for-money including quality and for the promotion of innovation. Procurement methods may be classified along two principal independent dimensions: first, according to the extent to which the contractor assumes responsibility for design work and second, according to whether the price of the contract is determined by means of negotiation or a competitive tender or a mixture of the two.     

Lifecycle assessment for sustainable design options of a commercial building in Shanghai

Buildings are long-lasting products which have huge impacts on the environment during their whole lives. The design of buildings should take into consideration long-term environmental and economic benefits. A life cycle assessment approach is developed and demonstrated in a case study—the strategic design of a Flagship Store in Shanghai. Industrial practitioners were invited to the feasibility study. Their opinions were included in the life cycle assessment for the first time. The economic analysis takes account of not only the capital costs of the design options but also the running costs during the building's economic life cycle. The methodology adopted is an integrated life cycle assessment process including life cycle costing, multi-criteria decision making and group decision making methods. The workshops are successful in terms of educational opportunity for the practitioners and have obtained good feedbacks. The top 10 sustainable design options after the life cycle assessment process were chosen by the practitioners as the compulsory design strategies in their global environmental development agenda, whilst the other 32 design options as optional design solution for the international retailer's future stores. The life cycle assessment tool demonstrated by a case study was proven to be a simple and efficient design tool in practice, and therefore it can be adopted in other projects to assist the decision makers.     

Water sensitive residential developments: Application of LIUDD principles and methods in the Netherlands,Australia and New Zealand

One method of enhancing the health of receiving water ecosystems is to ensure that local plans and practices guiding urban development are underpinned by appropriate design principles. This paper reports on a policy and practices framework developed in New Zealand, and investigates the uptake and implementation of Low Impact Urban Design and Development (LIUDD). A hierarchy of LIUDD principles has been developed as a foundation for policy development in statutory and non-statutory plans and guidelines. Each principle is accompanied by practical implementation methods using sustainable technologies in a local context. Greenfield developments in urban growth areas in the Netherlands, Australia and New Zealand are assessed with respect to elements of the framework. The assessments show that the LIUDD principles are relevant internationally across greenfield developments of similar town and catchment scales. Application of the principles can inform decision makers so that they become more critically aware of aquatic sustainability imperatives in the urban design and redevelopment process.     

Adapting cellular automata to support the architectural design process

This paper investigates the support of generative architectural design processes using cellular automata systems with a high level of involvement of human designers. Previous applications of cellular automata to architectural design have oftentimes been characterised by their limited generative capacity for top–down developmental control and for pragmatic rule-breaking as they are easily offered by human designers. This paper explores different options for modifying and extending classical cellular automata systems to support architectural form finding. It discusses the potential of cellular automata as generative design tools with respect to the questions: In which part of a design development, during which periods during a design process and in what roles do cellular automata promise desirable results from a practical standpoint? In response to these questions, a theoretical framework for the integration of cellular automata into the design process is presented. An implementation of a dialogue-based cellular automata-supported design process model is outlined and evaluated by remodelling an existing architectural design project.