建筑中的生态设计

阐述了生态设计的概念,并从可再生资源、建筑中生物学的应用、科技的生态化及有记忆的建筑这四个方面说明了对建筑中的生态设计这一问题的理解,并提出了生态设计不是一种奢侈,而是必须,建筑师应该着眼于全局,把建筑真正融入到自然之中,走生态可持续发展的路线。     

Integrated design approach for improving architectural forms in industrialized building systems

An architectural design process is investigated to achieve form flexibility in industrialized building systems (IBS), as IBS constructions do not have sufficient flexibility to develop varied architectural forms. The ethnography method has been used to examine the issues related to “form” flexibility in the design life cycle of IBS constructions by observing the constructions of live experimental models. The major tasks and respective design aspects that facilitate form flexibilities in architectural design have been identified. Furthermore, an integrated life cycle model has been developed to effectively address the interfaces between the design tasks and eventually fulfill the needs of IBS in the design life cycle.     

Selection of typical weather data (test reference years) for Subang,Malaysia

The paper discusses methods of selecting typical weather data and describes the selection of test reference years (TRYs) for Subang, Malaysia. The TRYs were selected using the Finkelstein–Schafer statistic, from 19 years of meteorological data recorded during the period 1980-98. Changing the weighting of the various meteorological variables (dry bulb temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed) in the range appropriate for building performance studies had little effect on the selection, so it is recommended that equal weightings should be used unless there are particular reasons for using some other weighting. The replacement of relative humidity by moisture content had little effect on the selection.     

Artificial intelligence and networking in integrated building management systems

In recent years the emphasis has moved towards integrating all a building's systems via centralised building management systems (BMS). To provide a more intelligent approach to the facility management, safety and energy control in building management systems (IBMS), this paper proposes a methodology for integrating the data within a BMS via a single multi-media networking technology and providing the BMS with artificial intelligence (AI) through the use of knowledge-based systems (KBS) technology. By means of artificial intelligence, the system is capable of assessing, diagnosing and suggesting the best solution. This paper outlines how AI techniques can enhance the control of HVAC systems for occupant comfort and efficient running costs based on occupancy prediction. Also load control and load balancing are investigated. Instead of just using pre-programmed load priorities, this work has investigated the use of a dynamic system of priorities which are based on many factors such as area usage, occupancy, time of day and real time environmental conditions. This control strategy which is based on a set of rules running on the central control system, makes use of information gathered from outstations throughout the building and communicated via the building's data-bus.     

建筑细部的地域特征及其生态精神

本文通过介绍几位国外建筑师的建筑细部设计理念与实践方法,论述了建筑师如何根据当地不同的地域特点,在建筑细部处理上采用恰当的材料与技术,将地域性与生态性有机结合,创造高品质的建筑细部。     

绿色建筑的生态景观设计

对绿色建筑生态景观设计的发展历史和现状进行了评述,对生态景观的意义等进行了讨论和分析,并针对上海的绿色建筑实例,就当今的先进技术条件下,对生态景观设计在绿色建筑中的应用以及其影响进行了探讨。     

绿色生态建筑的发展

分析了积极推进绿色生态建筑的必要性,提出了绿色生态建筑小区的要求,展望了绿色生态建筑的发展前景,以积极推进绿色生态建筑的稳步发展,缓解各种资源紧缺的矛盾,更好地实现可持续发展。     

生态建筑建材的节能方式研究

伴着我国经济的逐步攀升,工业化进程的不断加速,随之带来的影响也不断扩大。雾霾的产生让人们越来越关注环境问题,而建筑行业造成的环境污染,已经被建筑从业人员关注。越来越多的人们不再满足于有房子住,而是对建筑物的舒适、绿色、环保提出了更高的要求。本文对生态建筑和生态建材进行阐述,并对生态建材的节能方式进行了分析。通过研究生态建材不同的节能方式,针对不同的建筑,选择更加合理的生态建材。     

Energy and comfort performance of thermally activated building systems including occupant behavior

In building simulations it is common practice to use standardized occupant behavior and internal gains. Although this is a valid approach for designing systems, the probabilistic nature of these boundary conditions influences the energy demand and achieved thermal comfort of real systems. This paper analyzes the influence of occupant behavior on the energy performance and thermal comfort of a typical office floor equipped with a thermally activated building system (TABS). A multi-zone TRNSYS model with 10 adjacent zones per orientation for a typical moderate Belgian climate is set up. First, the energy performance and thermal comfort of thermally activated building systems (TABS) are compared with the performance of idealized cooling with standardized user behavior. TABS are able to deliver good thermal comfort but show to have a higher energy demand. Secondly, probabilistic occupant behavior was implemented in the TABS simulations. The influence of the occupancy rate, the shading device use and switching of the lights are analyzed by defining user profiles. It is shown that occupant behavior may have an important influence on the cooling demand and thermal comfort. However, as long as good solar protection is foreseen and operated in a correct way, TABS are able to cope with different user behavior modeled in this paper. In this case, normal daily stochastic processes do not considerably affect the cooling demand and thermal comfort during summer.     

Recycling value of building materials in building assessment systems

The selection of green building materials and products is by far the most controversial task in sustainable construction. Determining the merits of building materials and products in terms of their recycling value, which seems to be a simple matter, is a very controversial topic in building assessment systems. This paper suggests a method to assess energy savings by recycling building materials, which can be a potential indicator of recycling worth. The method takes account of material selection, construction and deconstruction technologies, and the frequency of recycling. The result of this study can be used in assessment tools as a factor separate from the embodied energy. Since embodied energy affects the potential recycling energy, another factor is defined, based on these two factors, in order to make it possible to compare and select materials correctly, based on their embodied energy and recycling potential.     

Impacts of climate change on building performance in New Zealand

Climate change is expected to impact on many aspects of building performance, with much of the existing and future building stock likely to be affected. Potential impacts of climate change on buildings are identified, evaluated as to how serious they might be, and actions are considered to ensure that future building performance is not compromised. Climate change scenarios for New Zealand defined the scale of climate changes considered for building performance. For each climate variable, relevant aspects of building performance were examined to determine if there is likely to be a significant impact. Where significant impacts were indicated, they were studied in detail and quantified where possible. A risk-profiling tool was formulated to cover the risk/severity of the most significant climate change impacts, which include flooding, tropical cyclones and overheating. Adaptation strategies were developed for each climate change impact, with different responses appropriate for each impact. Mitigation of greenhouse emissions is also addressed. For those risks where delaying action has serious consequences, it may be appropriate to consider changes in building or zoning regulations to anticipate the future impacts of climate change. Some implications for future building performance, design, standards and regulation are discussed.

On peut s'attendre à ce que les changements aient des incidences sur de nombreux aspects des performances des bâtiments et que la majorité des bâtiments existants et futurs soit touchée. Cet article recense les conséquences potentielles des changements climatiques sur les bâtiments, les évalue quant à leur gravité et étudie les mesures à prendre pour que les performances des futurs bâtiments ne soient pas compromises. La Nouvelle-Zélande a étudié des scénarios de changements climatiques pour définir leur échelle en fonction des performances des bâtiments. Pour chaque variable climatique, on a examiné les aspects pertinents des performances des bâtiments afin de déterminer si elle est susceptible d'avoir un impact significatif. Lorsque c'est le cas, ces impacts ont été étudiés en détail et, dans la mesure du possible, quantifiés. On a conçu un outil de profil des risques pour couvrir les risques et la gravité des conséquences les plus importantes des changements climatiques, ce qui inclut les inondations, les cyclones tropicaux et les vagues de chaleur. Pour chaque conséquence des changements climatiques, on a formulé des stratégies d'adaptation, avec différentes réponses appropriées à chaque impact. On a également étudié l'atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Quant aux risques pour lesquels tout retard dans les mesures à prendre aurait des conséquences sérieuses, il pourrait être judicieux d'envisager de modi? er la réglementation concernant les bâtiments ou le zonage afin d'anticiper les conséquences futures des changements climatiques. Cet article traite également de certaines implications pour les futures performances des bâtiments, conceptions, normes et réglementations.     

巨构式教学建筑的认知地图设计

巨构式教学建筑是在中国高校扩招背景下一种短时间之内迅速建成的巨型建筑,由于其体量巨大,内部空间复杂,导致空间意象的模糊和缺失,通过对这种巨型建筑内部空间特征的剖析,研究如何通过认知地图的方式设计和强化空间意象感,并以华侨大学厦门校区教学办公大楼的标识系统的设置具体实践认知地图的应用。     

生态建筑发展的措施研究

针对当前人们广为关注的生态建筑,就其定义及其基本特征作了较为深刻的探讨,并就如何推进生态建筑的发展阐述了具体措施,以激发更多的人们来认识、推进生态建筑的发展.     

Study of the performance of thermoelectric modules for use in active building envelopes

Active building envelope (ABE) systems are a new enclosure technology which integrate photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) technologies. In ABE systems, a PV system supplies electrical power to a TE heat-pump system, which can transfer heat in one direction or another depending on the direction of the current. Both the TE and PV systems are integrated into one enclosure surface. Hence, ABE systems have the ability to actively control the flow of heat across their surface when exposed to solar radiation. Applications for this technology include all types of enclosures that require cooling or heating, such as building enclosures. At this stage of our study, we are developing various ABE system prototypes by using commercially available PV and TE technologies. In this study, two types of commercial available TE modules are studied for their potential application in an ABE prototype window system. We have performed various experiments to determine the coefficient of performance for these TE modules when operating under different voltage regimes, and have tested different electrical connection diagrams. Based upon the measured data, and results based on the computational models of a TE system, the most suitable type of TE modules, the voltage and current, and the preferable connection diagrams are discussed.     

Analysis of thermal performance of building attached sunspace

The thermal performance of a sunspace attached to a living room located in Amman-Jordan has been investigated. Six configurations that differ by the ratio of glazed surface area to opaque surfaces area are studied. A novel configuration that utilizes an inclined front surface is thermally investigated. The effect of orientation of the sunspace, opaque wall and floor absorption coefficients and number of glass layers on the thermal performance is evaluated. Results show that the sunspace reduces the heating load during the winter, while it creates a serious overheating problem during summer. The contribution of reducing heating requirements increases with increasing the ratio of glazed surface to opaque surface area. Also, the optimal contribution was obtained when the sunspace was oriented to the south. Two passive cooling techniques are proposed and evaluated to overcome the summer overheating problem. Additionally, a passive heating technique is proposed to minimize the thermal losses during winter nights. Internal shading and night ventilation successfully minimize the overheating problem. Employing the three passive techniques with sunspace, results show that as high as 42% reductions in annual heating and cooling load can be achieved. Utilizing an inclined front surface with double layer of glass can further reduce heating and cooling load requirements.     

绿色生态办公建筑的实践

以上海虹桥临空经济园区绿色生态办公建筑为例,提出适应上海地区地理气候特点的绿色生态办公建筑规划设计策略和节能技术,通过建设实践进行检验,从而选出科学合理的生态策略和适宜的节能技术加以推广。     

Study on building plan for enhancing the social health of public apartments

Mass-produced in a short period of time, Korea's public apartments contributed to easing the housing anxiety of the common people. Nonetheless, they also gave rise to problems of social exclusion and conflict, becoming undesirable facilities that weakened social health. This study examined ways of producing an improved building plan that can raise the level of social health of public apartments, which were consistently built in the past but will no doubt continue to be developed in the future. For this study, the survey method was employed through a questionnaire with visual contents especially developed to raise the level of social health based on two ideas. One was to increase the possibility of social interaction among residents, and the other was to increase opportunities for residents to interact with society as well as for their social integration. The results showed that residents had mostly favorable views on the proposed plans: in particular, they favored highly the formation of a lobby in each apartment building as a venue for social interaction. They also responded very favorably to the plan of creating within the buildings spare space that will be used not only to promote a communal culture, but to open to outside society as well for integration. This study showed vital ideas to ensure the recovery of the residential function of promoting social health in the public apartments of Korea. It has significance in inspiring an innovative approach to allow social mixture in a relatively different feasible manner from the conventional approach.     

谈建筑设计中的绿色生态校园

从绿色生态校园的规划设计入手,通过对校园建筑区域绿色生态建设的方式进行细致研究,根据校园不同功能分区的特点设立了不同的建筑设计模型,以通过节约能源、减少废物排放量以及提高资源利用率等主要措施实现绿色生态建设的目的。     

Classification of production systems for industrialized building: a production strategy perspective

The purpose is to develop a matrix for classifying production systems for construction with various degrees of industrialization. Previous attempts to classify industrialized production systems for construction focus on dimensions such as the design process, the product technology, or the supply chain structure, but none of them acknowledge the importance of how orders are actually won in the market and that different market segments have different requirements. Using production strategy theory as a base, a matrix is developed linking market requirements, via the product offering, to the design of the production system. The matrix positions typical production systems based on their respective degrees of product standardization and volumes relative to the degree of offsite production. Similar to production systems in manufacturing, production systems for construction also deliver manufacturing outputs at different levels, indicating that the choice of production system will affect the competitiveness of the company. The applicability of the matrix is exemplified through three case illustrations of concepts for industrialized building, and these show that the matrix can be used to analyse the production systems’ relative strengths and weaknesses. The matrix can also be used as a guide when developing new, or adjusting existing, production systems for industrialized building so that they will match market requirements and offer competitiveness.     

Improving energy efficiency through the design of the building envelope

Buildings, their surroundings and related enterprises produce more CO₂, generate more pollution, consume more energy, and waste more natural resources than any other human enterprise or industry. Moreover, considerable parts of these environmental impacts are the results of the lodging industry [1].