中小型城市建筑工人安全认知与行为研究

为降低中小型城市建筑安全事故发生频率,形成良好的施工环境,基于文献回顾,通过调查问卷、实际访谈、现场观察对施工现场建筑工人及建筑企业管理人员进行调查。从建筑工人、建筑企业、政府 3 个层面对数据进行处理和分析,揭示认知、情绪、安全投入等 6 个中小型城市建筑工人安全认知与行为的影响因素。结果发现:建筑工人自主选择性认知过程、消极情绪,建筑企业预期事故损失认知、安全投入方案,政府安全生产监督是主要影响因素,并针对调查过程中关键问题提出相应建议。这将为我国中小型城市建筑安全管理未来研究趋势提供参考和借鉴。     

基于利益相关者理论的 IDI 制度下三方博弈分析

工程质量潜在缺陷保险（IDI）成为解决住宅工程质量潜在缺陷的有效手段。目前我国 IDI 制度还在试点探索阶段，相关利益主体的协作关系还未明晰，配套的保障体系也未健全。基于利益相关者理论对 IDI 制度下参与住宅工程建设、保修与行政管理的建设单位、保险公司和政府三方利益主体进行博弈分析，建立了“建设单位-保险公司-政府”博弈模型，并求其均衡解，进而探究三方主体策略选择及其影响因素，明晰三者间相互促进及相互制约关系，并提出 IDI 制度良性运行的制度补偿方案。结果表明:政府对保险的补贴金额及对建设单位的补贴比例、保险公司管理成本、质量保险赔付额、工程质量潜在缺陷保险保费、建设单位的投保概率等因素会影响三方的策略选择。通过采取保险强制措施、优化 IDI 产品设计、建立完善保险体系等手段能有效地改进各个主体的行为，从而全面提升建筑行业的工程质量。     

论工程承包商挂靠工程内部审计

根据承包商挂靠工程特点,从承包商施工能力审计、承包工程管理费收入、承包工程代扣代付款项审计、承包工程材料假票审计、承包工程资金安全审计等方面,对承包商挂靠工程内部审计进行探讨,并提出了科学的审计管理建议。     

国内EPC 工程项目联营体总承包商风险因素研究

随着EPC 总承包模式在国内的逐渐推广运用,特别是以联营体作为总承包商的EPC 模式工程项目存在着很多的不确定性,有必要对国内EPC 工程总承包模式风险因素进行研究。在查阅大量有关文献的基础工作上,系统地分析了影响国内EPC 联营体总承包商的风险因素。通过阅读相关文献资料与专家访谈相结合,分析得到影响国内EPC 模式联营体总承包商的四大主要风险因素:项目实施环境方面风险因素、技术实施方面风险因素、EPC 合同实施方面风险因素和EPC 总承包商总体管控能力方面风险因素,通过EPC 模式工程案例提出了风险控制措施,以求对实际工作有一定的指导意义。     

An investigation of corporate approaches to sustainability in the US engineering and construction industry

Sustainability involves focusing on a project’s impact in three areas: (1) environmental; (2) economical; and (3) societal. In reality, companies’ approaches in the three areas are not evenly distributed. A study of current trends in the US construction industry related to the emerging focus on sustainable construction will be of great value for the engineering and construction industry to recognize the differences in corporate approaches to sustainability, for the sake of team alignment. A random cross‐section of 300 companies, consisting of 150 owner companies, 75 contractor companies and 75 design firms representing a variety of industries, was selected from annual company data assembled by the weekly construction news publication Engineering News Record (ENR). To identify sustainability‐related concepts within the context of these company documents, content analyses and chi‐square statistical analyses were performed on the selected companies’ publicly available annual reports and mission/vision/values statements. The primary objectives are to: (1) identify concepts of sustainability that are currently being emphasized within the US engineering and construction industry, possibly at the expense of other concepts; and (2) develop an understanding of the relationships between various company and industry groups related to the fundamental concepts of sustainable construction.     

我国上市建筑施工企业环境绩效与财务绩效关系实证研究

在对国内外有关环境绩效与财务绩效关系的实证研究进行分析总结的基础上,以单位营业收入排污费及其年度增量作为环境绩效的代理变量,以Tobin-q 值作为企业财务绩效的代理变量,选取我国上市建筑施工企业2010~2014 年的有关数据作为样本,综合运用了格兰杰因果关系检验、相关性分析、多元线性回归分析等方法,对我国上市建筑施工企业环境绩效与财务绩效的关系进行探究。研究表明积极有效的环境预防管理可带来环境和财务绩效的共赢,环境绩效与财务绩效表现出显著的正相关关系,环境绩效的财务绩效边际效益是递减的。研究还说明在我国当前环境信息披露严重缺乏的情况下,创新性地选择单位营业收入排污费作为环境绩效的代理变量是一个很好的选择。结论有助于鼓励我国建筑业企业积极主动地开展环境预防管理,从而保持和提升企业的竞争力优势。     

考虑环境责任的中小企业施工合同风险管理机制

为揭示考虑环境责任的施工合同风险管理机制,基于三重底线理论划分施工合同风险,构建了以施工企业为主体的施工合同风险故障树模型。结合专家综合评估法量化风险,利用因果分析法揭示了中小施工企业风险管理机制。研究表明:技术风险、行为风险及文本风险作用程度较强,社会环境风险、自然环境风险和经济风险作用程度较弱。从而提出考虑环境责任的风险应对策略。研究结论为建设项目风险管理提供了理论与实践的支持。     

An integrated construction project cost information system using MS Access™ and MS Project™

The integration of time and cost management of construction projects has been recognized as the most effective way for close management. However, it has not been effectively used due to the presence of a large quantity of data with many complex interrelationships. Advanced software using current state‐of‐the‐art could be developed to solve this problem. Nevertheless, construction organizations, especially those of small to medium size, cannot afford to procure such software due to the high cost involved in development and training. Probably, the maximum capability of small to medium size contractors is to purchase general applications – spreadsheet, database, etc. – and general time planning software. Thus, a computer solution for an existing problem using general software will have a higher potential for application. In this context, research was undertaken to establish the feasibility of the use of MS Access? and MS Project? to provide an integrated time and cost management information system encompassing estimating, scheduling, cost control, resource monitoring and costing, and financial control. First, through a literature review, documentary search in contractor organizations and interviews of professionals, the requirements of such a system were identified. Second, detail procedures were established by use of standard system design procedures. Third, a data modelling was developed and a relational database was established with data transfer mechanism between database and time planning software. The research proved that an effective integrated project cost management system could be developed using MS Project? and MS Access? as an economical solution for small to medium construction organizations.     

虚拟施工的BIM应用:三大高校合作项目

越来越多的设施业主要求项目组移交竣工BIM模型,以便用于建筑的运营和维护。根据项目要求的不同,业主可能将竣工模型建立与移交的责任指派给总承包商。因此,施工队伍的各成员不但越来越需要熟悉BIM建模软件的应用,还需熟悉利用可靠的设施信息支持完整BIM的必要业务流程。竣TBIM模型的创建,要求承包商首先要基于建筑师、工程师和顾问等设计师所提供的图纸和信息的基础上,创建建筑,结构和设备模型。这要求承包商的组织机构内要有一名人员具备各与专业设计模型相关的技能和知识。一旦设计模型被创建(或重新创建),承包商可将这些模型用于开发施工用的BIM模型。一个完整的施工模型通常包括:成本估算,施工进度计划、冲突检测与分析以及现场物流。业主对设施管理用竣工模型提出新增要求,包括添加运营和维护用的具体数据。本文所述项目旨在为了更好地了解,在为业主实施BIM的项目上,承包商对项目所起作用的复杂性。为实现此目标,三所大学合作建立了数个校际团队,从每所学校各抽调一名学生分配至三个团队的一个,充当BIM商业建筑项目BIM应用里的承包商角色。本文从两个方面汇报项目的挑战和细节:导师——项目组织、学习目标和策略,学生——项目组织、团队合作过程以及策略。     

Categorizing suppliers for development investments in construction: application of DEA and RFM concept

Supplier development plays a significant role in the cost, quality and delivery improvements of construction projects. However, there is limited research on analytical methods of categorizing and prioritizing a high number of suppliers for effective allocation of scarce development resources. This research aims to develop an objective model to categorize a general contractor’s suppliers. To do so, we use three concepts from different research backgrounds – recency, frequency and monetary value (RFM); data envelopment analysis (DEA); and the customer pyramid – and add the number of projects (P) shared with each supplier as a context-related variable to build a novel RFMP model. The model categorizes suppliers into four levels of the supplier pyramid, utilizing historical data on supplier–contractor transactions. To test the model in practice, we adopt a case study of an international construction company in Finland. The results reveal that a supplier’s RFMP score reflects its contribution to the contractor’s business; therefore, development investments should vary, based on a supplier’s position in the supplier pyramid. This research contributes to the knowledge on supply chain management in construction by combining three approaches – RFM, DEA and the customer pyramid – into a single objective model to categorize suppliers for effective development investments.     

深圳湾体育中心项目工程施工总承包管理实践

施工总承包管理模式已经成为我国大型建设项目的主流模式,随着业主对大型建设项目的工期、质量、安全等要求和期望越来越高,施工标段和分包单位越来越多,导致施工总承包管理难度不断加大.文中通过深圳湾体育中心大型建设项目实例,从管理理念和原则、管理组织机构以及总承包管理等方面系统地介绍了该项目施工总承包管理经验,供同行参考.     

施工总承包企业信息化建设模式选择分析

分析了特级资质施工总承包企业信息化建设的内容、信息化模式选择的制约条件,提出建设过程中该从管理理念、人才储备、技术支持三方面考察企业的现实条件;根据制约条件的不同满足情况,提出3种信息化建设模式;举例说明特级资质施工总承包企业信息化模式选择的思路,为我国特级资质施工企业信息化建设和推广提供一定的借鉴。     

浅谈政府工程施工阶段的造价管理与控制

结合自身多年工作实践,从设计单位、监理单位、承包商、建设单位四方面对影响政府工程在施工阶段造价管理的问题进行了分析,总结出了政府工程在施工阶段造价管理和控制的工作重点,并阐述了各个环节的注意事项,以期指导实践。     

Reply

ISO 14000 is a series of standards defining a formal and structured approach to environmental management. It demonstrates, with assurance, that an organization which complies with current policy and legislation actively addresses environmental issues. Construction activities have a myriad of environmental implications. Hence, construction entities must manage their environmental performance. ISO 14000 represents a possible solution. This study considers the relevance of environmental management to construction organizations. After an overview of the environmental impacts of construction, ISO 14000 and its principles are explored. A field study is reported that was set up to assess the level of commitment of construction enterprises in Singapore to environmental management. Contractors in Singapore are aware of the merits of environmental management, but are not instituting systems towards achieving it. A framework for the development and implementation of an environmental management system (EMS) is proposed.     

高铁建设管理中危岩落石治理管控博弈分析

我国高铁项目建设中的危岩落石治理管控问题越来越受到参建各方的重视。从建设方的角度对高铁项目建设中危岩 落石治理管控的主要任务进行了阐述,分析了高铁建设管理各阶段参建各方的行为对危岩落石治理管控的影响,建立并求解 了建设方、设计方与咨询方的三方博弈模型,得出不同参数关系下的纳什均衡解,说明在项目建设前期至施工图设计阶段, 建设方制定办法,加大惩罚力度,加强对关键性工程的检查,提高监督成效,会减少设计方、咨询方不履职尽责的概率,有 利于危岩落石问题的根本解决。通过分析,对建设方采取适宜的策略督促各参建单位在危岩落石治理方面尽职尽责提出了具 有管理学意义的建议。     

Analysis of pre‐qualification criteria in contractor selection and their impacts on project success

While construction industry practices are reasonably well developed, construction projects still witness widespread failures of many contractors due to varied reasons such as financial problems, poor management, over‐commitment and or conflicts and disputes associated with construction activities. Pre‐qualification of contractors is a common practice across projects, yet the investigation on the ability of the selected contractors in successful delivery of projects is not widespread. In an attempt to understand these pre‐emptive qualification criteria and their links in contractors’ performance in projects, a total of 43 influencing technical attributes were identified through a systematic research approach. The relative significance and impacts of the attributes have been determined based on a structured questionnaire survey in selected construction projects. By performing the factor analysis, a total of seven factors significant to contractors’ performance were extracted, namely (1) soundness of business and workforce; (2) planning and control; (3) quality management; (4) past performance; (5) risk management; (6) organizational capability; and (7) commitment and dedication. Multiple linear regression models reveal that technical expertise, past success, time in business, work methods and working capital significantly impact on contractors’ performance across time, cost and quality success. With a clear understanding of a contractor’s performance, these findings could potentially contribute to development of a company’s procedures or enhance existing knowledge in relation to the pre‐qualification practices in contractor selection in projects.     

工程量清单计价模式下总承包服务费编制研究

随着工程项目规模的逐渐扩大,以及各个专业分工逐渐精细化,施工总承包方式逐渐成为建设施工项目中所采用的主要方式,而总承包服务费则成为其讨论的重点。在GB 50500-2013《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》中对总承包服务费的概念、内容以及计取方面都有了一定的调整和修改,但仍然没有对总承包服务费编制过程中的重难点做详细的分析和规定。因此,文章在对总承包服务费的内涵及其包含的三种费用进行剖析,进而对总承包服务费的计价进行分析,并给出总承包服务费的编制要点,最后通过案例分析进行了验证。以期通过对总承包服务编制问题的研究,有助于提高GB 50500-2013《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》的适用性。     

柔性管理视角下承包商建筑废弃物资源化行为模型研究

为克服现有刚性管理的不足,进一步促进建筑废弃物资源化,基于柔性管理视角,考虑价值观、责任感、感知价值、资源化意愿等心理因素,构建承包商建筑废弃物资源化行为模型。结合量表开发和问卷调查,收集承包商建筑废弃物资源化行为数据。通过偏最小二乘结构方程模型对 214 份问卷数据进行分析,研究发现,“价值观→感知价值→资源化意愿→资源化行为” 是一条有效促进承包商资源化行为的驱动路径。基于此,提出了建筑废弃物资源化柔性管理策略,以提升承包商资源化的主动性。     

Forthcoming events

Research in China into building economics is currently focused on the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Particular attention is being paid to the theoretical and practical issues arising from the economic reforms. Outside China, there is little known about the various organizations and individuals involved in this field. Their work is funded through the Ministry of Construction and the China National Science Foundation. It is difficult to get commercial sponsorship for this kind of research. Research has focused upon such issues as the role of the construction industry in the national economy, the use of competitive tendering, price formation, urban housing, structuring of the industry and of firms, project management, expert systems and management information systems. There have been some notable successes in terms of building economics researchers influencing the way in which the construction industry is dealt with in China. Future research will be aimed at converting state enterprises to true companies and devising the means to deregulate the pricing of built facilities and construction services without disrupting the market.     

中小城镇建设对策研究

在当今城镇化浪潮中,我国中小城镇建设面临诸多困境与制约因素。本文着重在统筹中小城镇发展、经济社会协调带动、体制机制保障等方面进行了研究,并提出了一些对策措施,以期为中小城镇建设提供参考借鉴。