全生命周期造价管理理论在节能建筑中的应用探讨

建筑节能是节约型社会发展的基础,是建筑业可持续发展的保证。工程造价管理要适应建这一趋势,最重要的就是建立起工程项目全生命周期造价管理理念,使造价管理适应行业的发展。     

工程量清单计价模式下工程项目效益成本管理方法探讨

市场经济条件下必然采用工程量清单计价.在这种计价模式下,施工企业要实现盈利必须加强工程项目的效益成本管理.该文结合工程实际,从施工企业定额编制、投标报价、施工合同签订、施工阶段管理、工程变更、签证、施工索赔及竣工结算等八个方面对工程项目效益成本管理方法做了探讨.本文对从事工程项目施工管理的人员有一定参考意义.     

浅谈人工挖孔桩施工技术及安全管理

人工挖孔桩造价低,施工方便,机具设备简单,占用场地小,施工质量可靠,但存在一定安全隐患,本文介绍了人工挖孔桩施工及安全措施。     

风险管理在国外工程成本控制中的应用

由于风险在工程施工中的重要地位及对工程造价的影响,掌握风险管理方法及其应用技巧是很有必要的。本文主要通过对一具体工程项目的调查,分析该项目在成本管理中所采用的风险管理方法,说明风险管理在工程项目的成本管理中有着十分重要的作用。     

Analyses of systems theory for construction accident prevention with specific reference to OSHA accident reports

To enhance workplace safety in the construction industry it is important to understand interrelationships among safety risk factors associated with construction accidents. This study incorporates the systems theory into Heinrich's domino theory to explore the interrelationships of risks and break the chain of accident causation. Through both empirical and statistical analyses of 9358 accidents which occurred in the U.S. construction industry between 2002 and 2011, the study investigates relationships between accidents and injury elements (e.g., injury type, part of body, injury severity) and the nature of construction injuries by accident type. The study then discusses relationships between accidents and risks, including worker behavior, injury source, and environmental condition, and identifies key risk factors and risk combinations causing accidents. The research outcomes will assist safety managers to prioritize risks according to the likelihood of accident occurrence and injury characteristics, and pay more attention to balancing significant risk relationships to prevent accidents and achieve safer working environments.     

Mediation Model for Improving Cost Factors That Affect Performance of Small-Scale Building Construction Contract Business in Nigeria: A PLS-SEM Approach

Performance of small-scale building construction contract business poses a challenge to the sustainable development of the construction industry, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Small-scale construction contract business plays an important role in the economic development of any nation. In Nigeria, small-scale construction contract business has a tremendous role in the development of rural areas. This study assesses the mediation effects of client support with advance payment on cost factors that affect performance of small-scale contract businesses in Nigeria. The study identified three factors that affect cost performance of construction projects in developing countries: cash flow problems, effects of fraudulent practices, and effects of the nature of construction environments. In total, 550 survey questionnaires were administered to stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry. Stratified proportionate random sampling method was used for the selection of respondents and 387 questionnaires were returned, with 357 used in the analysis.     

嘉善木业火灾与保险状况调研分析及对策

以我国重要的胶合板和家具生产基地嘉善木业为背景,调研了消防部门的木业火灾事故记录,按照损失金额和年份进行统计分析,并对火灾保险的经营数据进行了分析。消防与保险两方面的调研结果表明,消防和保险未能有效化解木业企业面临的火灾风险,应加强消防与保险的互动合作,为木业企业提供足够的安全保障,以促进木业的进一步发展。     

论进行风险造价管理的必要性

风险因素的存在是风险性造价不确定性的根本原因,三角形概率分布规律提供了确定风险造价期望值的方法。投资主体多元化、国际环境和国内市场发展都为建筑业进行风险管理提供了必要的条件。要加强建设项目的风险造价管理,投保工程保险分散建筑业的个体风险。本文论述了在工程造价管理中必然要融入风险管理的方法。     

Construction Risk in Coastal and River Engineering

New methods and protocols are presented to assess and mitigate time, cost, quality and safety risks in construction, based upon the research behind two manuals which have been produced by HR Wallingford under industry guidance. The paper focuses on the specific risks associated with weather, sea and river state conditions. The inter-relationship with procurement route and insurance is also discussed. A contractor's view of construction risk is then given in the form of a case study based on the Eastbourne Coast Protection Scheme. This scheme involved work on a coastal foreshore in a tidal and marine environment and included five phases of timber groynes, rock revetments, concrete sea-walls and the reconstruction of promenades plus two phases of shingle renourishment.     

城市地下综合管廊工程保险费率测算研究基于招投标案例数据

城市地下综合管廊是一项投资大、建设和运营周期长、技术较复杂的高风险基础设施工程。工程保险作为一种风险转移手段被综合管廊工程建设单位逐步采用。以收集的10项综合管廊工程保险服务项目招投标数据为研究对象,阐释保险人与被保险人的行为特点及对工程保险费率的影响,重点对工程保险费率的测算方法和中标费率的特征进行分析,最后为综合管廊工程保险行业的持续健康发展提出相关政策建议。     

Organisation and management of construction projects in Nigeria

The construction boom in Nigeria has had a great influence on the state and structure of its construction industry.

Although the industry has expanded very rapidly in the last few years, there is still urgent need for improvement in its organisation and management standards. The indigenous contractors are being encouraged by the Government but there are still problems. It is hoped that the training of more Nigerians and the availability of plants and materials will assist in bringing about higher efficiency in the construction industry.

This paper examines some of these problems and suggests means of improving the m management and organisation of projects in the Nigerian construction industry.     

Construction ecology and metabolism: natural system analogues for a sustainable built environment

Applying the principles of sustainability to human activities ultimately must result in the scrutiny of all sectors of economic activity to assess the changes required to provide for a high quality of life for future generations. A high priority for evaluation, in the light of its impacts on environmental quality and resources, is industrial activity in general and the construction industry specifically. The construction sector consumes 40% of all extracted materials in the USA, and accounts for 30% of national energy consumption for its operation. The sustainability of this industrial sector is dependent on a fundamental shift in the way resources are used, from non-renewables to renewables, from high levels of waste to high levels of reuse and recycling, and from products based on lowest first cost to those based on life-cycle costs and full cost accounting, especially as applied to waste and emissions from the industrial processes that support construction activity. The emerging field of industrial ecology provides some insights into sustainability in the built environment or sustainable construction. Construction, like other industries, would benefit from observing the metabolic behaviour of natural systems where sustainability is built in. This paper describes a view of the construction industry based on natural systems and industrial ecology for the purpose of beginning the discovery of how to shift the construction industry and its supporting materials industries onto a path much closer to the ideals of sustainability.     

Differential management of waste by construction sectors: a case study in Michigan,USA

Waste is a great problem in the world of construction. If dealt with appropriately, there can be many benefits, including lower overall cost, faster production, a higher quality and more sustainable buildings. There are many solutions available for minimizing waste during construction. However, a great amount of waste still exists, whether in residential, commercial, industrial, infrastructural or other constructions. The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain key sources of waste, and whether generation varies with the type and size of the constructors. A sample of 30 general contractors was studied, and several null hypotheses on waste generation and minimization differences among sectors were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis H‐test. Although subtle shifts were observed in the aspects of waste behaviour that seemed predicated on construction sectors and capital base, to some extent the proposition that the construction type and size can influence waste generation and minimization was validated. Based on this study, some solutions are provided as viable avenues to managing and minimizing construction waste across sectors.     

An analysis of construction productivity in Malaysia

The construction industry is an industry of major strategic importance. Its level of productivity has a significant effect on national economic growth. Productivity indicators are examined. The indicators consist of labour productivity, capital productivity, labour competitiveness, capital intensity and added value content of data, which are obtained from the published census/biannual surveys of the construction industry between the years 1999 and 2011 from the Department of Statistics of Malaysia. The results indicated that there is an improvement in the labour productivity, but the value-added content is declining. The civil engineering and special trades subsectors are more productive than the residential and non-residential subsectors in terms of labour productivity because machine-for-labour substitution is a more important process in those subsectors. The capital-intensive characteristics of civil engineering and special trade works enable these subsectors to achieve higher added value per labour cost but not the capital productivity. The added value per labour cost is lower in larger organizations despite higher capital productivity. However, the capital intensity is lower and unit labour cost is higher in the larger organizations.     

基于不同影响因素的建筑施工企业安全成本演变趋势研究

建筑业是安全事故高发行业,一定的安全成本投入是降低安全事故、维护安全施工的必要手段,其具体数量和变化趋势主要受社会宏观因素和企业微观因素影响和制约。利用专家打分法详细分析了建筑施工企业安全成本主要微观影响因素及其权重;在此基础上分析了施工安全程度、安全生产法制环境、社会发展水平及施工现场管理水平等因素对安全成本演变趋势的影响,认为较高的安全保证度会造成较大的保证性安全成本率和安全成本保损比,施工安全度与安全成本则是动态变化关系;其余各影响因素的改进提升一般会促进保证性安全成本提高、损失性安全成本降低,而总安全成本则处于可控状态。     

The impact of contractors’ attributes on construction project success: A post construction evaluation

The success of construction projects is a fundamental issue for most governments, users and communities. In the literature that deals with construction project success and causes of time and cost overruns in the construction industry, there is some literature that highlights the role of the contractors in project success. While most studies rank contractors’ success attribute from tendering, prequalification, and a long term historical perception perspective, this paper aims to study the impact of contractors’ attributes on project success from a post construction evaluation perspective to identify what critical success factors (CSFs) that greatly impact the success of project. In an attempt to understand and investigate this impact, a questionnaire survey is used to establish construction professionals’ perception of CSFs of contractors that greatly impact on the success of construction projects. Factor analysis reveals nine underlying clusters namely :(i) safety and quality; (ii) past performance; (iii) environment; (iv) management and technical aspects; (v) resource; (vi) organisation; (vii) experience; (viii) size/type of pervious projects; and (ix) finance. Logistic regression techniques were used to develop models that predict the probability of project success. Factors such as turnover history, quality policy, adequacy of labour and plant resources, waste disposal, size of past projects completed, and company image are the most significant factors affecting projects success. Assuming that project success is repeatable, these findings provide clear understanding of contractors’ performance and could potentially enhance existing knowledge of construction project success.     

浅谈如何加强建筑企业劳保统筹管理工作

就建筑企业实行社会养老保险统筹后是否需要建筑行业统筹管理进行了探讨，提出了加强劳保统筹管理工作的措施，结合农民工的社会保障问题，研究了从统筹到保障的转型和改革，就劳保费拨付政策的调整和劳保统筹管理工作的合法性进行了分析，从而搞好劳保统筹管理工作。     

Comparing the value of information sharing under different inventory policies in construction supply chain

Measuring the value of information sharing (VIS) in different inventory policies can help general contractor to improve materials and equipments management in construction supply chain. The models for measuring the VIS under (s, S) and Periodic Review (PR) inventory policies are established. A method to compare the VIS is given in a two-level construction supply chain, which aims to measure the impacts of supply quantity information of materials on general contractor's service level and total inventory cost under different inventory policies. A numerical example is proposed to explore the gap of VIS between (s, S) and PR inventory policies in a rebar supply chain. The results show that general contractor's service level in (s, S) inventory is higher than PR's and total inventory cost in (s, S) inventory is lower than PR's in the case of no information sharing. In the case of information sharing, general contractor's service level in PR inventory policy is higher than (s, S) policy; however, it is implemented by the increase of total inventory cost. This research provides valuable information to help general contractor to make correct decision on inventory management in supply chain at firm-level.     

A fuzzy based multi-objective path planning of construction sites

Movement of materials, plant and site operative from one place to another on construction sites and construction workplaces are of paramount importance to site planners as savings in travel distance can reduce cost and increase productivity. In addition, risks on construction sites can be reduced if the use of vehicles and mobile plant is properly managed by setting out paths avoiding high risks areas. The work reported in this paper presents a framework for supporting path planning analysis of construction sites based on multi-objective evaluation of transport cost, safety, and visibility. This paper investigates the use of fuzzy-based multi-objective optimisation approach in making a more informed strategic decisions regarding the movement path of people and vehicles on construction sites, and detailed decisions regarding travel distance and operational paths on workplaces, enabling site planners to examine paths scenarios that are subjected to a high degree of uncertainty and subjectivity.     

The potential of cement-stabilized coal-reject as a construction material

This research investigated the effectiveness of Portland cement in the stabilization of Nigerian coal-reject and evaluated the potential use of the stabilized coal-reject for various construction purposes. Standard laboratory tests were performed to determine the engineering properties of the coal-reject in its natural state and after treatment with increasing percentages of Portland cement. The results indicate a significant improvement in the engineering properties of the coal-reject with a reduction in plasticity and shrinkage, as well as an increase in the strength and bearing capacity. With the addition of 2% Portland cement, the material met most Nigerian construction specifications for fills, embankment and sub-base. However, even with 10% Portland cement, it was only marginally suitable for the base course of heavily trafficked highways.