基于BIM的中电科大型复杂钢结构工程智能建造应用体系

近些年来,国家积极推动建筑业转型并大力发展智能建造。然而,在目前大型复杂钢结构施工过程中智能建造水平还较低,传统施工方法不足以解决目前的工程难题。为此,本文提出一种基于BIM的大型复杂钢结构工程智能建造应用体系。该体系以BIM技术为基础融合多种现代技术,搭建了一套贯穿设计、施工与运维三大阶段的基于BIM的全阶段信息化智慧管理体系与具体应用流程,可以从根本上解决众多在施工与管理的过程中遇到的重难点。本文还以该管理体系,构建了一套面向施工过程的智能建造应用体系,提出了在设计与施工过程中的七大技术创新。从中国电科科技创新园实践中来看,该套智能建造应用体系能够解决大型复杂钢结构施工过程中的技术与管理难题,辅助智慧工地建设,推动智能建造的发展。     

斜井施工装运系统模拟技术研究

文章分析了斜井施工存在的问题和影响斜井施工的主要因素,重点对斜井装运系统进行了系统分析和系统划分,在此基础上,通过大量的调研,建立了斜井施工装运系统的计算机模拟模型,用vb语言编制了模拟程序,就模拟参数的数学模型做了详尽的介绍,就一套单钩、一套双钩、两套单钩三种不同的提升方式进行了演示试验,通过模拟结果的分析,可以清楚地发现系统存在的问题,从而达到预测、优化的目的。实践证明装运系统的计算机模拟技术对斜井施工的科学设计、科学选型、科学管理具有积极的推动作用和重要的现实意义。     

工程建设标准体系的复杂性研究

工程建设标准体系内部存在的复杂性与标准体系功能间的密切关系是构建标准体系的重要依据。利用六维空间结构模型将复杂的标准体系结构进行分解,给出以功能团为基本层次的工程建设标准可行域,从工程建设标准体系的层次结构关系得出标准体系所具有的层次性、非线性和耦合性特点。利用一般系统结构理论给出标准体系功能团的抽象表达,在此基础之上论证工程建设标准体系的复杂性根源。利用体系分解得到的基本层次,基于标准维度的序列优先规则,对标准体系的复杂关系进行重新组合,提供构建工程建设标准体系的新方法。     

An integrated construction planning system using object-oriented product and process modelling

An interactive planning system approach poses challenges to the efficient integration of the design and construction planning process. Current research is focused on organizational knowledge processing in building design and construction, such as the representation of object-oriented planning models and constraint management incorporating design, engineering and construction planning through several planning stages. Since building construction involves cooperation among designers, engineers and project managers, comprehensive organizational planning and management tools are relevant. The integrated construction planning system (ICPS) aims to cover a wide range of knowledge processing based on formalization and representation of building and construction systems. To realize the integrated construction planning system, appropriate modelling techniques need to be introduced. This paper presents the results of research on several issues such as formalization and representation of interactive design and construction planning processes, methods for incorporating project information, knowledge and constraints and the concept of applying an object-oriented paradigm to interactive building and construction system planning. A prototype system is also presented which integrates building space planning, building system planning, construction system planning, construction activity planning and construction site layout planning.     

绿色施工理念在我国绿色建筑评价体系中的引入及推广

我国绿色建筑评价体系对于施工阶段的限定较少.作为绿色建筑必不可少的组成部分,绿色施工被纳入绿色建筑评价体系是发展趋势.对比<绿色建筑评价标准)GB/T50378-2006及LEED评价体系,结合<绿色奥运建筑评估体系)(GOBAS)实施经验,指出我国在绿色施工产业发展中面临政策法规、时间、观念、材料等方面的困难,同时提出扩大绿色建筑法规制定,建立业主激励制度及建筑信托制度,推广绿色施工企业知名度效应等推广策略.     

“建设代理制”——专业化市场化的建设管理模式

上海实施“建设代理制”以来,建设代理企业、政府、业主、设计施工企业等多边关系如何处理,是有关“建设代理制”的各方十分关注的问题,它对于建立市政工程“建设代理制”的基本模式和形成“建设代理制”的市场运行规范,从而进一步健全和完善“建设代理制”具有十分重要的意义。     

基于STAMP的地铁施工安全控制结构研究

简要回顾了事故致因与系统安全理论的发展,分析了建立地铁施工系统安全模型的挑战,在此基础上提出了基于STAMP的地铁施工安全分析方法,在明确了地铁施工系统安全需求和约束的基础上构建了地铁施工安全控制结构,识别了各建设主体之间的控制流、信息流以及对地铁施工过程的控制和反馈,为分析地铁施工中存在的控制缺陷、改进地铁施工安全状况提供方法依据。     

Development of a 4D object-based system for visualizing the risk information of construction projects

Recently, risks in construction projects have been gradually increasing due to the upsizing of construction projects and the introduction of diverse new methods of construction. Risk management is employed to address potential risks, and on most construction sites risk management is implemented based on managers' intuition. Furthermore, risk analysis information is presented based on complicated numerical analysis, which reduce its usability in practical work. The purpose of this research was to develop a risk management visualization system that can analyze the degrees of risks in construction projects using objective quantifying methodologies for gathering risk information. The information is then presented based on the degree of risks involved. This system can be utilized as a tool to effectively respond to various types of construction risk information. To this end, the fuzzy and analytic hierarchy analysis (AHP) techniques are used as methods to quantify risk information. To visualize the risk information analyzed, a simulation system for visualizing risk information is developed along with a four-dimensional (4D) CAD system. The proposed system is applied to a sample construction project to verify its usability. A work space optimization method that considers risk information and work space is also suggested for further development of the system.     

基于BIM技术的施工总承包项目精益建造模式研究

建筑信息模型(BIM)和精益建造(LC)作为两大新型建造管理技术,是建筑业变革性发展的战略模型和支撑体系。对精益建造体系下BIM平台功能的集成支持作用进行研究;从施工总承包角度出发,构建基于BIM技术的总承包项目精益建造实现机制,并结合总承包项目实例探讨其工作效率和应用价值。     

村镇建设标准体系实施绩效评价模型的构建研究

为保障村镇建设标准体系对于村镇建设活动的引导和支撑作用,反馈村镇建设标准体系的实施效果,应探究村镇建设标准体系实施绩效的评价方法。基于体系实施绩效的表达方式,从三个维度建立实施绩效评价指标体系,应用综合集成赋权法确定指标的综合权重,采用模糊物元分析法构建村镇建设标准体系实施绩效的评价模型。为标准体系的实施绩效评价提供了新的思路,确保村镇建设标准体系的自我完善和动态调整,促进了村镇建设领域标准化工作的发展。     

Knoledge-Based Systems and Fuzzy Sets in Risk Management

An integrated microcomputer-based knowledge system is developed for risk management in construction. The system (Expert-Risk) applies the concepts of fuzzy set theory to evaluate the overall risk of a project. It is also integrated with various rerlational data bases that provide the system with financial and cost data necessary for bankruptcy and risk analysis. Today's construction industry involves more dynamic and construction industry involves more dynamic and uncertain planning than ever before. without professional risk management, decision makers cannot systematically approach complex problemx. The system provides a more definitive perception of the overall risk of a construction project, and a more rational basis for contingency planning and evaluation. The system allows management to focus on those risk factors which have significant impact on planning.     

浅谈广州市中心城区污水处理系统完善建设管理经验

分析了广州市中心城区污水处理系统的建设现状及存在的问题,根据广州市污水治理公司制定的污水处理系统建设与系统管养措施,总结经过近两年的治污建设管理经验,为其他城市污水处理系统的建设及管理提供了有益的借鉴。     

基于现代学徒制校企共建课程体系的探索与实践

以无人机应用技术专业为例,探索基于现代学徒制课程体系的构建。由构建基于现代学徒制课程体系的基本要求和依据出发,分析了现代学徒制专业课程体系特征,描述现代学徒制专业课程体系建设原则与思路,重点阐述了现代学徒制专业课程体系基本组成以及构建方法,为相关现代学徒制课程体系的构建提供参考。     

智能建造专业建设体系与教学方案设计

随着传统建造领域与现代信息技术的逐渐融合,智能建造这一概念应运而生。目前智能建造专业建设已成为相关高校的重要发展方向。但智能建造专业建设还处于初始阶段,其办学理念、课程体系、人才培养等尚未在业界达成共识,专业教学方案亟待研究。根据土木工程相关专业30位教师的问卷调查结果,分析智能建造专业面临的五大挑战,结合新工科专业建设提出的新要求,从课程体系、师资力量、教学方法、教学平台和管理制度等角度提出智能建造专业教学方案新模式,构建智能建造专业建设“P-S-R(要求-挑战-响应)”框架体系,明确智能建造专业的建设路径,以及各个时期的发展重点,以期为各类高校智能建造专业建设提供参考和借鉴。     

浅谈建筑节能

简要介绍了我国建筑节能现状与概况,分别对外墙外保温、外墙内保温和墙体自保温这三种国内建筑节能主要形式进行了具体阐述,分析了各自的优缺点和构造,以期促进建筑节能工作的顺利开展,实现城市建设可持续发展。     

住宅建设项目绿色施工的模糊综合评价

为了科学、客观地评价施工企业的绿色施工水平,从资源利用、环境负荷、施工企业综合管理三个方面,系统构建了住宅建设项目的绿色施工评价指标体系,基于绿色施工评价指标体系的模糊性特点,采用三级模糊综合评价模型进行评估,通过实例应用,验证了评价体系的有效性和适用性。     

Construction quality management based on a collaborative system using BIM and indoor positioning

Quality is one of the most vital aspects of a construction project, and inspection is the most important task in construction quality management. Despite the application of advanced information technologies, the omission of check items and in-efficiency of entering inspection results from paper-based inspection records into computers and collaboration among the construction stakeholders remain to be major problems. This paper proposes an approach to make the process of construction quality management more effective and collaborative by developing a system based on the integrated application of building information modeling (BIM) and indoor positioning technology. First, the system requirements of the collaboration platform are analyzed based on the standards for construction quality inspection in China, the technologies to be used for its implementation are justified, and a process model for the collaboration of multiple stakeholders is established. Next, the system architecture is developed, and the algorithm for generating inspection tasks and the technique for integrating with indoor positioning technology are formulated. Finally, the implementation of a prototype system is presented, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach for construction quality management are verified by using the system in an on-site test.     

长沙洪山大桥斜塔爬模施工技术

介绍了斜塔爬模成套施工技术在洪山大桥中的应用,分别针对爬模系统的组成,塔身爬模施工工艺,爬模系统的特点进行了具体阐述,为后续同类型桥梁施工提供了宝贵的施工经验。     

SSGF 建造体系与装配式及传统建造体系的对比

作为业界新型建筑工业化探索的重要实践成果,SSGF 建造体系、装配式建造体系带来了建筑业的巨大变革。基于工程项目管理体系知识结构,从系统的视角构建了综合考虑过程与产出维度的综合绩效表现指标体系,以实现SSGF 建造体系与装配式建造体系及传统建造体系的对比分析。考虑到评价指标之间的关联性及不确定性,在对传统层次分析法作出契合模糊积分改进的基础上构建了AHP-Choquet 积分评价模型,并结合实例验证了方法的可行性。     

建筑施工企业科技创新管理

施工企业的科技创新,即依托新技术对工程项目进行的科技活动,建立、健全施工企业科技创新体系和保障制度,加强科技创新管理,在工程开工时进行科技策划,施工中进行课题研究跟踪,竣工形成科技成果,为建筑施工企业科技创新管理提供了借鉴。