The risks of unbalanced bidding

Unbalanced bidding models have largely ignored the risk aspect of item pricing. Many researchers have acknowledged that there are considerable risks associated with unbalancing a bid but little has been done to describe these risks, let alone model them. A new framework is proposed by which all of these risks can be assessed. It identifies that these risks comprise the risk of rejection, the risk of reaction, and the risk of being wrong. It is further proposed that the value‐at‐risk (‘VaR’) method of measuring risk is a convenient way by which to combine all of these risks into one composite assessment. This quantified assessment serves to describe the extent of risk generated by each level of each item’s price. Previous related research has proposed an unbalanced bidding model that has likewise provided a measurement of the expected reward generated by each level of each item’s price. By doing a summation of these, keeping in mind that the prices applied to all of a project’s component items must add up to the overall bid price, the contractor is able to assess both the risks as well as the rewards of all possible item price combinations.     

Developing an optimal bidding strategy in two-envelope fee bidding

Two-envelope fee bidding is used frequently in allocating commissions to willing consultants such as architects, engineers and surveyors. Consultant fees and technical scores are normally aggregated to form a total score. The consultant obtaining the highest total score is usually awarded the commission. The consultant's objective is to get the highest total score possible because this maximizes the chance of winning. Consultants can submit to the procurer any of a number of different technical proposals which is then converted to a technical score. Only one technical score+fee combination will result in the highest total score, i.e. the optimum technical score+fee combination. This paper offers consultants an approach to better identify their optimum technical score+fee combination. In using this approach consultants need to develop a total score continuum based on (1) the consultant's original technical proposal and fee, (2) the absolute lowest fee and corresponding technical score, and (3) the absolute highest technical score and corresponding fee. The total score becomes the dependent variable and the fee the independent variable. Since the total score continuum is regressed on three points it will almost certainly be curvilinear in shape. Given that the optimum total score is at the highest point of the continuum, the optimum fee can be determined through differentiation. The corresponding technical score can then be found. After adjusting the original technical proposal to reflect the corresponding technical score, the optimum fee and adjusted technical proposal can then be submitted to the procurer.     

工程建设项目投标承包过程中的风险管理策略

工程建设项目投标和承包施工过程存在着各种形式的风险,而风险效应直接影响了项目实施的最终成果,本文就投标和承包施工过程的风险因素的构成进行了分析并对工程施工过程的风险管理策略的实施要求提出了自己的认识。     

在工程招投标中采用工程量清单计价模式的探讨

随着我们市场经济体制的不断深入,传统的定额计价模式已经不适用于市场经济,本文详细论述了工程量清单计价模式在工程招投标中的运用,工程量清单计价模式的优点及实际应用过程的关键点。     

城市基础设施项目BOT招标文件的编制

本文通过对既有BOT项目招标文件的归纳、分析和总结,提出应如何更好地编制BOT项目的招标文件。     

谈招标投标过程中的评标体会

通过参加评标活动,总结了招标投标过程中的一些评标体会,从几个方面展开了论述,并提出了自己的看法,进而积累与招标项目有关的实践经验,对以后的评标工作有一定的现实指导意义。     

投标施工组织设计编制的经验谈

当前,项目投标已是施工企业日常承揽工程的重要途径,投标施工组织设计作为技术标,日显重要。同时,由于很多施工企业对投标施工组织设计的作用认识不足,不够重视,为中标而中标;因此在投标施工组织设计编制方面存在较多问题。本文主要结合笔者多年的工作实践及借鉴相关文献资料,分析了投标施工组织设计存在的不足、注意点以及改进建议。     

The project workplace for organizational learning development

This paper conceptually examines how and why projects and project teams may be conceived as highly generative episodic individual and team learning places that can serve as vehicles or agents to promote organizational learning. It draws on and dissects a broad and relevant literature concerning situated learning, organizational learning, learning spaces and project management. The arguments presented signal a movement towards a project workplace becoming more organizationally acknowledged and supported as a learning intense entity wherein, learning is a more conspicuous, deliberate and systematic social activity by project participants. This paper challenges conventional and limited organizational perceptions about project teams and their practices and discloses their extended value contributions to organizational learning development.     

Start-up and steady-state learning in recurrent bidding

Is contractors' bidding competitiveness under the governance of the adaptive learning mode? The adaptive learning model suggests contractor organizations would regulate the use of a bidding strategy, which is deemed optimal in response to recurring and similar bidding situations. A data set on open tendering by a select group of contractors was gathered over six years by the Hong Kong government and used to test this premise. The behaviour of the eight newly listed contractors indicates that an upward trend of bidding competitiveness in initial bidding attempts is not a generic phenomenon. The theoretical construct of bidding behaviour in the start-up phase is therefore dubious. Data lend only partial support to the existence of rapid learning during the start-up phase. However, the five more experienced contractors (indicated by the largest number of bidding attempts) show high and consistent bidding competitiveness. This provides evidence that contractors display behavioural regularity when the optimal bidding strategy has been reached. Construction organizations are, therefore, urged to treat organizational learning strategically in their attempts to maintain high competitiveness in the bidding process.     

浅谈推行电子评标和远程评标在建设工程招投标中应用的意义和作用

本文对建设工程招投标中推行远程评标的作用和意义进行了论述;同时对电子评标在应用中存在的问题进行了研究,并提出了解决对策。     

Start-up and steady-state learning in recurrent bidding

Is contractors' bidding competitiveness under the governance of the adaptive learning mode? The adaptive learning model suggests contractor organizations would regulate the use of a bidding strategy, which is deemed optimal in response to recurring and similar bidding situations. A data set on open tendering by a select group of contractors was gathered over six years by the Hong Kong government and used to test this premise. The behaviour of the eight newly listed contractors indicates that an upward trend of bidding competitiveness in initial bidding attempts is not a generic phenomenon. The theoretical construct of bidding behaviour in the start-up phase is therefore dubious. Data lend only partial support to the existence of rapid learning during the start-up phase. However, the five more experienced contractors (indicated by the largest number of bidding attempts) show high and consistent bidding competitiveness. This provides evidence that contractors display behavioural regularity when the optimal bidding strategy has been reached. Construction organizations are, therefore, urged to treat organizational learning strategically in their attempts to maintain high competitiveness in the bidding process.     

“成品”污水处理设备选用设计体会

作者通过福州地区多个成品污水处理设备的选用设计实践。对“成品”处理效果、本体结构材质和形状,化粪池预处理,维护管理形式等问题提出看法.     

招投标竞争机制下如何做好工程施工投标工作

分析了建筑施工企业投标工作的重要性,就招投标竞争机制下如何做好工程施工投标工作进行了探讨,从建立投标组织、投标决策、编制投标文件等方面进行了论述,以帮助施工企业做好投标工作,提高施工企业的中标率。     

A choice experiment to estimate the effect of green experience on preferences and willingness-to-pay for green building attributes

As the number and complexities of green building developments are mainly driven by market demands, understanding of end-user behaviors towards their development eventually should play a crucial role on determining their successes. However, very few studies have been attempted to explore end-user behaviors towards green building development. This study successfully applied discrete choice experiments to reveal whether residents with green experience will have different preference and willingness-to-pay values for enhancements on various aspects of environmental performance in green buildings. Generally, both green and conventional residents had strong preferences and were willing to pay more for improving various aspects of environmental performance in green residential developments. They are found to be willing to pay more for energy conservation, than indoor air quality improvement, noise level reduction, landscape area enlargement, or water conservation. No significant differences are found in the preferences between green and conventional residents for energy conservation, indoor air quality improvement, indoor noise reduction, or water conservation, However, green residents were found to be willing to pay significantly less than the conventional residents for enlarging the landscape area within a residential development, despite it was perceived by green residents as one of the major elements that differentiate a green from a conventional development.     

A Japanese perspective on the decline of robust technologies and changing technological paradigms in housing construction: issues for construction management research

Based on the concept of construction as a project-based economic activity, Steven Groák offered the idea of a technological paradigm to represent project-based technology fusion that is adaptive to the uncertainties embodied within construction projects. This paper discusses further research topics raised by the idea of the technological paradigm from a Japanese perspective. It verifies the effectiveness of Groák's notion by exemplifying phenomena identified in Japanese construction practices. First, the paper confirms how declining robust technologies are generating innovative activities in construction projects. Second, a ‘horizontal evolution’ case study is presented as evidence that the strategies engendered by the technological paradigm outperform those from the industrial paradigm. Then the paper identifies and focuses on the informality of project-based technology fusion. Relevant research topics are discussed, such as the unpredictability of system configuration, the integration of knowledge and know-how, and the regulatory framework for extending positive informality. It is concluded that the following topics have considerable significance for construction management research: (a) methodology to evaluate ‘robust limits’; (b) the process of project-to-project technology transfer and evolution; (c) organization formation of project-based technology fusion; and (d) regulatory framework that embodies informality to activate project-based technology fusion.     

房屋建设工程投标决策影响因素研究

作为建设工程施工企业项目开展过程中的首要环节,投标活动对项目的成败有着至关重要的作用。而投标活动的关键在于投标决策过程。本文就房屋建设工程投标决策影响因素进行分析,并提出了管理应对措施。     

建设工程招标中对不平衡报价的控制

叙述了不平衡报价的表现形式,分析了不平衡报价产生的原因,在此基础上提出了控制不平衡报价的一系列措施,同时总结了在控制不平衡报价时防范恶意低价竞标的一些方法,以确保投标报价的合理性。     

由观察—体验—构建出发的建筑类图学教学研究

尽管科学技术以及专业发展迅速,但对于建筑制图与阴影透视这门课程来说,教材以及教学方式长期停滞不前。由于该课程面向的是极富创造力的建筑规划景观设计类的学生,故而对于图学思维以及创造力的培养是非常重要的。课程教学中应用了网络教学平台,课堂教学中采用图学思维训练方法,由观察出发,学会观察与分析相结合的方法;通过体验促进丰富的表象储备,通过构建达到创造性的想象和设计。从而为培养富有创造力的学生打下坚实的基础。     

浅谈建筑工程投标策略

结合工程量清单计价在全国实施的现状,就当今市场经济形势下的工程投标策略进行了探讨,强调了建立强有力的投标班子和投标决策,详细地介绍了投标报价中的策略和技巧,以提高中标率。     

不平衡报价研究

以淮阴工学院学生宿舍楼建设为例,通过对两家建筑公司投标报价的对比分析,说明了不平衡报价对施工单位与业主方所产生的不同影响,并着重探讨了业主为防范不平衡报价所采取的措施,指出不平衡报价对施工单位与业主方的管理水平、廉政建设是一种促进,可以推动我国建筑业的健康发展。