建筑业信息技术应用与发展趋势分析——以Constructech50为例

促进信息化与工业化融合,用信息技术改造建筑业,是建筑业实现跨越式发展的重要途径。以建筑业信息技术应用为视角,统计了自2003年以来Constructechmagazine评选的Constructech50入围情况。采用比较分析法和趋势分析法等方法,对入围信息技术的业务属性、解决方案实现形式和访问方式进行分析,发现建筑业信息化程度不断提升,信息技术应用形式多样,功能逐步完善。总结信息技术在建筑业应用的特点和发展趋势,从信息技术应用角度,对我国建筑业信息化发展提出建议。     

建筑工程管理信息化研究

在全球经济和信息一体化的环境背景之下,我国传统的工业建设,也就是建筑产业,面临着新的挑战。建筑企业利用信息技术提高效率是我国建筑工业需要解决的问题,本文对如何将信息化管的工作有效地应用到建筑工业中进行了分析。     

建筑业与制造业企业组织沟通有效性的比较研究

基于用先进的制造业改造传统建筑业的现实需求,在对影响组织沟通的核心要素分析的基础上,设计问卷及测量问题,并进行了数据收集及其信度、效度检验,应用数理统计方法对建筑业和制造业企业的组织沟通有效性进行了比较研究。研究结果表明:制造业企业信息交流的准确性、及时性和充分性均明显好于建筑业企业;而制造业企业的信息交换量虽大于建筑业企业,但差异并不显著。该研究有助于建筑业企业借鉴制造业的先进经验,通过组织沟通有效性水平的提升促进与其他联盟企业的合作。     

Developments Affecting the Practice of Architecture Specialization of Practice

Abstract

Solar technology is burdened with a stigma that contradicts a sense of proportion and beauty in building. Arbitrarily attached to new or existing construction, the technology is often associated with a small clique of individuals disenfranchised from the mainstream. This project is designed to challenge these perceptions and reestablish the ideals of solar energy by integrating architecture and technology. It pushes existing paradigms by proposing architectural form that celebrates solar power while obtaining a high level of system integration. As each technical decision was measured against its contribution to spatial effect, the project attained a simultaneous sense of the sustainable and the beautiful.     

Inter- and intra-organizational conditions for supply chain integration with BIM

ABSTRACT

Digitizing buildings via building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly gaining traction in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector. The plethora of BIM-based technologies affects both inter- and intra-organizational relations. Structured inter-organizational networks across tiers, such as supply chain (SC) partnerships were used to examine how BIM affects these changing relations across and within firms’ boundaries. Empirical explorations around the interplay between BIM and SC partnering – as a proxy for supply chain management (SCM) philosophy – were deployed to assess their contribution to SC integration, and to investigate the functions of key actors in AEC. One young and one long-standing SC partnership were studied, and it was observed that the contractual arrangements had to be complemented by well-defined BIM scope, and communications across multiple tiers to built trust and support collaboration in the network. There were two types of BIM-enabled SC partnering: with emphasis on either transactions or relations, the former being merely operational whereas the latter strategic. These inter-organizational orientations of BIM-enabled SC partnering outlined further intra-organizational conditions for integration regarding functional division, business models and services offered. The study carries implications for BIM and SCM researchers, policy-makers and practitioners, and proposes strategies for SC integration by aligning intra- with inter-organizational relations.     

Is construction an industry?

There has been a frequent misconception in analyses of construction sectors of the national economy: the tendency to describe these activities as ‘an industry’ or a small and stable set of ‘industries’. This has led to confusion. Construction was inappropriately assimilated to various forms of manufacturing industry. Characteristics of the construction process were treated as ‘problems’, to whose solution substantial energies were unnecessarily diverted. There has been muddle about the extent to which macro-level planning is appropriate, notably on R&D strategies and innovation for improved industrial efficiency. Construction projects increasingly use unfamiliar technological bases, comparable to ‘technology fusion’ in other sectors. A more fruitful emphasis may be to regard construction as organized as agglomerations of projects - rather than as a discrete industry or a fixed constellation of firms. The idea of the ‘demand chain’ is introduced.

The paper concludes that a ‘technological paradigm’ should replace the ‘industry paradigm’ and that an enduring question remains to explore what is meant by construction ‘capacity’.     

Prediction of solvency in construction companies

This paper reviews two models for testing the financial security of construction companies. It discusses the utility of the ratio analysis technique and the Z model in predicting whether companies are heading for insolvency. It then applies these techniques to three construction companies which failed within the last 5 years to test whether the theoretical predictions prescribed in the techniques are applicable to the construction industry. It concludes that whilst the techniques are of value in predicting some difficulties they need to be used in conjunction with financial performance data of other construction firms, in this way comparisons may be made. The development of a refined and construction specific Z model is recommended.     

On information and communication technology and production cost in construction industry: evidence from the Netherlands

The interplay between information and communication technology (ICT) and the competitiveness of construction firms is considered. More specifically, the question is whether firms that invest in information and communication technology have a production cost advantage. The economics literature hypothesizes that ICT brings about a production cost advantage, as ICT brings flexibility and improves the planning, organization and control of work. To test this proposition for the construction industry, a production cost function allowing for the inclusion of ICT is formulated. Using statistical nearest-neighbour matching methods it is possible to identify the effect of ICT on production costs thereby controlling for economic moderators. Data from a sample of Dutch construction firms reveal that those firms that installed ICT capital do have a production cost advantage. The results indicate further that firms need a minimum level of ICT capital to fully benefit from its production cost advantage.     

建筑业电子商务框架体系研究

建立一个有效运行的建筑业电子商务框架体系,对于建筑业提高效率、节约成本、适应未来发展具有重要的意义。本文从项目建设周期各参与方信息交流的角度,给出了建筑业电子商务的概念及系统性、实用性的建设原则。基于对建设项目所有参与方信息资源整合及对信息技术与建筑业业务流程整合的思想,构建了由技术体系和应用体系两部分组成的建筑业电子商务整合框架体系。并着重分析了构成技术体系的基础设施、公共系统服务、电子商务工具三个相关联部分与业务流程的整合,以及组成应用体系的项目平台、企业平台、政府平台和建筑业相关行业四个平台内部数据整合与平台间的数据整合,为建筑业成功应用电子商务提供了参考。     

Achieving the unlikely: innovating in the loosely coupled construction system

Previous research suggests that a characteristic of the construction industry is a lack of technological innovation. Since this is seen as a problem, much theoretical development within construction management focuses on explaining the lack of innovation. Less effort has been expended on using such explanatory theories for investigating those rare exceptions in which construction firms succeed in the unlikely: successfully developing a new technology. This article makes use of the recently suggested framework by Dubois and Gadde. They describe the construction industry as a ‘loosely coupled system’ with four types of couplings, discuss why the particular mix of couplings in the construction system leads to a lack of innovation, and suggest types of couplings that construction firms should experiment with and change in order to boost innovation. A case study of a contractor developing a new technology is presented in terms of Dubois and Gadde's concepts and implications. The findings partly support and partly contradict their hypotheses. It seems that innovation is possible even if only a few of the existing couplings are changed. The most important changes relate to the tightening of intrafirm sequential inter‐project couplings enabling learning from project to project, and contract‐related couplings especially the design‐construction interface.     

论我国建筑业BIM应用现状和发展

近年来,我国建筑业掀起了一场基于信息化变革的热潮,“BIM技术”在其中扮演了最为重要的角色。它不仅可以从技术上实现碰撞检查、虚拟施工等项目可视化应用;又可以从经济上实现合约规划、短周期多算对比等关联信息库应用。然而,过分夸张的宣传、不切实际的思想、水土不服的软件使“BIM技术”越来越神秘,离真实也越来越远。可是“BIM技术”作为建筑业革命性技术的功绩依然不可磨灭,它对传统的工作方式进行优化,对低下的工作效率进行提升,对粗放的生产方式进行精细化改造,真正实现基于BIM的“设计-合约-施工”一体化工作流(即“DCC-BIM”)。BIM在一体化工作流中根据各阶段的相应要求,按照一定的标准和规范进行元素重构,使BIM应用主体在某一阶段的发挥巨大的实质性价值。同样,“BIM技术”与互联网、云计算、点云、无限射频、3D打印等技术的结合必定在未来的智慧城市建设中发挥不可估量的作用。     

施工图BIM正向设计实践研究

十四五规划提出了“加快数字化发展”的新要求,建筑行业实现数字化转型升级迫在眉睫。BIM技术是建筑数字化的底层数据信息,对于现阶段的BIM技术大量应用于翻模设计,有悖于数字化建设的初衷,并阻碍了数字化建设的高速发展。因此,BIM正向设计的推广是建筑设计行业数字化信息化建设的关键。现阶段BIM正向设计正在个别大型设计院和大型房产企业逐步实施,但其正向设计的经验并未得到广泛推广。本文通过具体工程的施工图正向设计实践,总结设计院BIM正向设计的成果,为正向设计的发展推广和建筑企业数字化转型升级提供借鉴的经验。     

基于BIM 的项目文本信息集成方法研究

建筑领域文本信息管理难度大、利用效率低,基于建筑信息模型（BIM）的文本信息集成管理可极大地提高建设项目管理的效率。在介绍BIM 的概念和数据交换标准（IFC）的基础上,提出了基于BIM 的中文文本信息集成方法:基于向量空间模型进行建筑文本分类;利用Revit API 提取模型对象的属性信息并生成查询向量,通过计算其与文本向量的相似度,检索出与模型对象相关的文本文档;利用IFC 提供的外部资源引用将文本关联到BIM 模型,实现文本信息与项目模型的集成。运用该方法从Revit 模型中提取了楼板属性信息并在楼板与文本间建立了关联关系,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法可为基于BIM 的建筑文档集成管理系统的开发提供支持。     

EPC项目BIM技术应用实践

建筑工程领域的EPC模式指设计、采购及施工一体化,系集成化项目管理模式的范畴。建筑信息模型,简称BIM,是建筑行业的新兴信息技术,对于提升项目管理有着较大的价值[1]。文章从传统设计院转型的工程公司角度出发,采用BIM技术对EPC项目实行全过程的精细化管理,为建立一系列基于BIM技术为核心的企业EPC项目管控体系提供实践基础。     

建筑施工行业管理信息化难点及对策

在建筑行业与信息化管理技术的融合过程中，施工行业的信息化管理还存在着许多待解决的问题。本文主要分析了建筑施工行业管理信息化的难点，并找出了有效的解决方案。     

智能建造专业教育创新与实践

智能建造是建筑行业高质量发展和转型升级的必然趋势,在工业化和信息化的高度融合下,利用新技术为工程建造过程赋能,推动工程建造活动的生产要素、生产力和生产关系升级,支撑行业升级的人才需求也发生了新变化。面向智能建造专业人才所需知识和能力的变化,搭建具有特色的跨学科融合培养体系,介绍重庆大学智能建造专业建设方案,从培养目标、课程体系、教学模式等方面进行创新和思考,为中国智能建造专业的人才培养和相关专业建设提供参考借鉴。     

Understanding the impact of BIM on collaboration: a Canadian case study

ABSTRACT

Facilitating collaboration amongst project stakeholders in the construction industry is one of the central tenants of building information modelling (BIM). While there is increasing evidence of the positive influence of BIM on project outcomes, ambiguity remains around BIM’s true impact on collaboration. The presented case study aims to develop insights into the impact of BIM on collaboration in the architecture, engineering and construction industry. A critical realist perspective was adopted and a systematic combining approach was employed to support data collection and analysis. Data were collected through a longitudinal case study of a large design–build project in Canada. The unit of analysis was the individual project team member. Five cognitive determinants identified from the analysis are seen to inform an individual’s framing of event patterns in the context of BIM-enabled collaboration: requirements, expectations, intentions, incentives and capabilities. From this perspective, the impact of BIM on collaboration is understood as a reshaping of an individual’s cognitive determinants, which influence a team member’s framing of event patterns enacted throughout project delivery. This shift is manifested by changing information landscapes, i.e. sources and flows of information, that are generated, shared and consumed within the project team.     

利用BIM技术提升企业EPC项目管理水平

建筑工程领域,EPC模式指设计、采购及施工一体化,系集成化项目管理模式的范畴。建筑信息模型,简称BIM,是建筑行业的新兴信息技术,对于提升项目管理有着较大的价值。该文从由传统设计院转型的工程公司角度出发,探讨利用BIM技术提升EPC项目管理水平的基本方法。     

大数据在油气勘探开发中的应用——以川南页岩气田为例

随着油气勘探开发规模的不断发展,传统油气行业正在进入数字油气和智慧油气时代。大规模勘探开发产生的庞大数据体量,无论是在收集、存储还是提取分析等方面面临严峻挑战。本文从地质信息集成、甜点区识别、地震数据处理、钻完井以及产能优化等方面介绍了大数据分析和机器学习技术在油气勘探开发过程中的应用现状和存在的问题。以页岩气云数据智慧平台为基础,对川南页岩气长宁-威远和昭通示范区600余口气井生产数据进行分析,得出近五年川南页岩气在钻井时效、压裂参数、建井周期及产能预测方面的发展趋势及主控因素,为"十四·五"页岩气开发方案优化提供参考。     

Development of a bridge maintenance system for prestressed concrete bridges using 3D digital twin model

Abstract

Preventive maintenance is increasingly becoming an essential strategy in the bridge industry owing to its proactive advantage of maintaining the structural sustainability during its entire service life. Several in-use bridges lack an appropriate regular maintenance solution, leading to extra cost during the operation stage. This paper proposes a new generation of the bridge maintenance system by using a digital twin model concept for more reliable decision-making. A detailed solution is proposed in this work to enhance the bridge maintenance process using a parallel solution: a maintenance information management system based on a 3D information model in conjunction with a digital inspection system using image processing. Three-dimensional digital models are required to utilise information from the entire lifecycle of a project, including design and construction, operation, and maintenance, by continuously exchanging and updating data from each stakeholder. For the maintenance of prestressed concrete bridges, the twin models are defined and their uses are presented.