Accident risks during handling of materials at building construction sites

The aim of the study was to analyse factors influencing the occurrence of accidents in materials handling. The supervisors’ and workers’ opinions about deficiencies and problems in the accident prevention during materials handling were surveyed. Materials handling in this study will mean all internal transfers at the construction site, work site storage, installation and removal of formwork, and installation of pre-cast concrete units. Altogether 422 accident report forms were analysed. Sixty-four per cent of the accidentsthat occurred at office and public building construction sites took place during construction of theframework. The corresponding percentage for accidents occurring during construction of the framework of high-rise apartment houses was 44%, that for terrace houses was 40%, for industrial sites 55%, and for building repair and renovation 50%. In the questionnaire study the data obtained from the site supervisors can be used to search for the basic reasons behind the problems. The opinions of the workers dealt more with how the basic problems were expressed at the practical level. The serious accidents (45 cases) investigated by the National Board of Labour Protection were classified according to the type of accidents.     

现代钻孔灌注桩技术的应用研究

主要介绍了钻孔灌注桩的施工工艺,分析了钻孔灌注桩施工过程中由于各种条件引起的异常事故和相应的处理办法,以及施工过程中引起断桩的若干因素,阐述了出现断桩后应采取的相应措施,从而提高钻孔灌注桩的质量。     

建筑施工常见事故及案例分析

本文总结了建筑施工现场的常见事故及应急处理,结合实际的工程案例,对造成安全事故的各种原因进行了分析,分析结果可帮助建筑施工企业降低工程安全事故发生的几率。     

新风机组的运行故障与管理

介绍了某工程在施工调试和运行中出现的4起新风机组换热器冻裂事故，对新风机组的安全运行提出建议。     

人工挖孔桩的安全技术

结合现场经验和有关规范、标准，介绍了孔壁坍塌、孔口落物、窒息中毒、触电伤亡、坠落孔内等几种人工挖孔桩事故类型，并从地基勘察、设计、施工三方面提出了相应的对策，以保证工程质量。     

预应力混凝土空心板梁电动液压落梁施工工艺

预应力混凝土空心板梁电动液压落梁施工工艺在时间上．由传统工艺的8小时操作完成缩短到1小时以内完成。将操作工人由原来的9人减少到现在的4人；同时把人工手摇千斤顶改成电动控制，降低了工人的体力消耗，减轻了劳动强度，改变了传统施工方法的千斤项在大负荷、长时间的工作后客易出现失灵或经常性损坏，需要经常雏修等问题；费用方面仅增加了液压泵和液压缸一次性投入，节省了大量的人工费、材料损耗和千斤顶购置与维修费，成本大大降低。本文通过对空心板梁电动液压落梁的工艺原理的介绍，证明了其具有较强的安全性、实用性、经济性，能显著节省工程造价和缩短工期，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益，因此获得了国家实用新型专利。     

基于BIM 和RFID 的建筑工人高处坠落事故智能预警系统研究

为提高建筑工人高处坠落事故的预防水平,通过对建筑施工安全相关规范及事故案例的调查研究,对建筑工人高处坠落事故的危险区域进行定义及预警等级划分。基于建筑信息模型和无线传感网络技术,建立了建筑工人高处坠落事故智能预警系统,设计了系统结构、功能和运行流程。该系统可实现建筑工人实时定位和高处坠落事故智能预警;系统架构分为传感层、网络层、应用层,能分别实现信息采集、数据传输及状态分析;系统在建筑工人高处坠落事故的可视化识别与智能化预警方面具有优势。     

浅析建筑施工行业机械伤害

随着材料科学及设计制造技术的发展,工程机械上采用了许多新技术、新材料、新结构,要求机械的技术保障于管理工作更科学、更完善。为此作为工程机械的组织管理人员及操作人员,要逐步树立"安全是最大的效益、事故是最大的浪费",使安全工作从防范工伤事故为主,向全面做好劳动者健康安全工作的转变,进而充分体现对劳动者生命价值的尊重,促进劳动者自身价值的提升。本文就建筑施工行业机械伤害问题进行讨论。     

Developing a Risk Assessment Model for construction safety

Problems on occupational health and safety are commonly occurred in the construction industry, including falling of materials or person from height, stepping on objects and injured by hand tools. Key of dealing with project safety and risk assessment in construction industry is important, thus, way on doing assessment and liability of assessment are necessary for all professionals. However, it is found that those professionals prone to heavily rely on their own experiences and knowledge on decision making on risk assessment, which lack of a systematic approach and lack of ways to check the reliability of the decisions. This paper investigates the need for people involved in construction to take systematic and effective risk assessments for different trades. 14 common types of trades, accidents, and accident causes are explored, in addition to suitable risk assessment methods and criteria. A Risk Assessment Model (RAM) is then developed for assessing risk levels as various project stages with various work trades. A case study is used to prove the workability and reliability of the developed RAM in the practical industry. The developed RAM is found to be benefit for predicting high-risk construction activities and thus preventing accidents occurred based on a set of historical accident data.     

公路施工现场单个堆料场修正重心法选址研究

公路工程项目施工现场材料堆料场的合理选址可以优化施工现场材料运输路径,有效减少材料二次搬运,改善现场交通环境,有助于实现施工现场的成本控制和文明施工。但现阶段堆料场选址都是凭借经验确定的,缺少科学的方法对其进行规范,为改善这种现象,分析比较了配送中心与公路工程项目施工现场堆料场的相似性,将单个配送中心选址方法中较经典的重心法进行修正后用于确定公路施工现场单个堆料场的选址,并用算例验证了其可行性。     

静压桩质量事故处理与预防

对沉桩时预制桩顶破裂、桩身断裂、沉桩达不到设计要求、桩身倾斜成位移、接桩处松脱开裂等几种静压桩施工中容易出现的质量事故特征、原因、处理方法及预防措施进行了分析阐述,以保证静压桩的质量。     

双曲线冷却塔独立式塔机倒塌工程事故的处理

根据现浇双曲线冷却塔施工过程中发生的塔吊倒塌重大工程事故 ,阐述事故发生的背景、原因及处理程序和方法     

浅议节能材料在建筑设计中的应用

随着科学发展观的提出,节能材料的使用进入了建筑行业的视野。许多建筑公司开始将节能材料引进到建筑施工中。如何有效的提高建筑公司节能材料的使用率就成为了设计人员要考虑的问题。     

浅议建筑施工高处作业的防护

分析了高处坠落事故的形式及其发生的原因,提出了相应的防治措施,以达到预防高处坠落事故发生的目的,指出有效防止高处坠落事故对预防建筑施工安全事故有着十分重要的意义,从而促进社会安定团结、和谐发展.     

建筑外墙外保温材料防火安全的选型设计探讨

近年来,我国因建筑外墙外保温材料防火安全问题而导致特大火灾事故频发,尤其是上海胶州路教师公寓火灾、沈阳皇朝万鑫大厦火灾和北京央视大楼火灾,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失,使得建筑外墙外保温材料防火安全成为人们关注的焦点。该文针对目前建筑外墙外保温材料选型设计中不注重防火安全的实际问题,分析了各种建筑外墙外保温材料防火性能,探讨其不同的使用局限性和优缺点,为建筑外墙外保温材料的选型设计提供参考。     

浅谈高速公路工程质量风险应对策略与措施

结合高速公路管理体制和工程质量现状,对工程质量风险的应对策略和监控方法进行了研究,制订出风险规避、风险缓解、风险转移和风险自留等较为系统的、切实可行的风险应对策略和措施方案。     

多联式空调系统新风方式分析

本文对目前多联式空调系统的各种新风处理方式进行了分析,指出在实际应用中存在的问题。并结合工程设计实例介绍了确定新风方式的方法,阐明应根据建筑物的结构、功能和业主的要求等方面选择合适的新风方式,通过设计和校核计算保证新风量和空调房间的温湿度要求。同时建议相关的厂家开发专用于多联式空调系统的新风机组,其末端设备的最大冷风比应达到56kJ／kg左右。     

Analysis on microseismic characteristics and stability of the access tunnel in the main powerhouse,Shuangjiangkou hydropower station,under high in situ stress

Access tunnel in the main powerhouse of Shuangjiangkou hydropower station was deep buried with high in situ stress and complex geological conditions. Microseismic monitoring technology was established to monitor microcrack evolution process inside the surrounding rock in early excavation stage. Serious falling blocks in the left spandrel of the tunnel were predicted in a timely manner by delimiting major damage areas in the tunnel. Based on comparative analysis on microseismic activity law and field failure characteristics of the access tunnel, a quantitative index was supposed between slight rockburst like falling blocks and microseismic events. Moreover, the change law of daily average apparent stress difference and b value were analyzed based on microseismic event data. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical simulation software (RFPA3D) was used to simulate the damage distribution around the tunnel, and a relationship between spatial position of tunnel damage and direction of the maximum principal stress was qualitatively analyzed. The study results showed that advance speed of the tunnel working face was an important factor affecting the state of stress redistribution in surrounding rock mass, and the change law of b values of microseismic events could be used to predict activity state inside the surrounding rock effectively, which reflected mechanical properties and stress state of surrounding rock. In particular, field falling blocks became more serious with increasing b value, and field surrounding rock was relatively stable with minor b value. A risk of surrounding rock instability was relatively high with small b values. It provided an efficient method of predicting and assessing slight rockburst like falling blocks. The study results can provide significant guidance for field construction and later construction planning.

     

Construction accident causality: learning from different countries and differing consequences

Fundamental questions remain about the practical value and generalizability of accident causation frameworks for explaining construction accidents. Relevant causality literature is reviewed; three research projects compared and implications of accident causation theories for accident investigation and analysis discussed, particularly for accidents with differing consequences and in different national contexts. The effectiveness of the UK accident causality framework ConAC (Construction Accident Causality) in identifying occupational accident causes in different industry contexts (Australia and the USA) is evaluated; and the implications of the choice of theoretical framework in the analysis of construction accident causation considered. The ConAC framework was developed from a real-time analysis of 100 relatively minor construction accidents. The Australian study used this framework to analyse the National Coroners reports of 258 construction fatalities and the USA study used it to develop research instruments for interviews regarding 27 construction accidents of varying consequences. The results suggest that the ConAC framework is helpful for the analysis of the causes of accidents with outcomes of differing severity. The studies also suggest that it has international applicability despite differing occupational health and safety legislative contexts and industrial arrangements. Furthermore, significant learning can be obtained from considering underlying causes of accidents.     

基于ISM的建筑项目高处坠落事故致因分析

高处坠落作为建筑工程事故统计中发生频率极高的一类事故,带来的不仅是人员伤亡,还有经济损失.通过分析60例典型案例,查阅大量参考文献,筛选出20个具有代表性的影响因素进行分析.构建5级建筑施工高处坠落事故影响因素ISM模型,分析各影响因素间的相互关系.并利用层次分析法和熵权法确定各影响因素的综合权重,结果表明安全投入不足...