结构设计参数设置对框架结构含钢量影响分析

以框架结构设计为例,从结构设计过程中设计参数的设置为突破口,讨论其对建筑含钢量的影响,并提出了一些降低建筑含钢量的有效措施,以指导结构设计人员不断地优化结构计算,有效控制工程的含钢量。     

轻型门式刚架钢结构的特点研究

阐述了轻型门式刚架体系的基本特点及目前研究的主要内容,并与其他传统的结构形式进行了经济性能比较,表明30 m以下跨度的单层房屋轻型门式刚架体系有明显的自身优势,对普通门式刚架体系的承重和围护结构的方案选择做了研究,为该体系的初步设计提供了参考依据。     

A kind of high rise steel frame assembly and its simplified structural analysis

A kind of steel frame assembly applicable to high rise building is proposed herein. The composition of system, the technology characteristics of components and connections are analysed in detail. Based on the simplification of analytical model for the truss beam and beam-column connection, a simplified structural analysis method is also proposed. Finally, an application case is given to verify the effectiveness of the simplified analytical method. The results show that the simplified method produces good accuracy and it can meet the requirements of engineering structural analysis and design.     

Structural frame selection: case studies of hybrid concrete frames

Hybrid concrete construction (HCC) uses a combination of in-situ and precast concrete and is an example of ‘mixed’ construction, which is the term for an innovative combination of different materials or framing methods. Examples of HCC exist in many countries to fulfil varying structural requirements, so it is not clear why HCC is not better used in the UK. Research was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the selection and use of HCC. Two case study projects were investigated to explore decision-making criteria, the roles of project participants and the challenges particular to HCC. The findings suggest that HCC is selected when measurable cost or programme advantages are not the most important criteria, but where other factors such as satisfying architectural requirements (finish, colour, etc.) or operational demands (such as internal comfort or maintenance) are critical. In both cases, clients and architects were found to be the most influential team members in the frame-selection process.

La construction en béton hybride (HCC) utilise une combinaison de béton in situ et de béton précoulé; c'est un exemple de ‘construction mixte’; cette expression définit une combinaison innovante de différents matériaux et méthodes de coffrage. Il existe des exemples de HCC dans de nombreux pays qui répondent à différentes exigences structurales; on peut donc difficilement expliquer pourquoi la HCC n'est pas mieux utilisée au Royaume-Uni. Des recherches ont été entreprises pour mieux comprendre les choix et les usages de la HCC. Deux études de cas ont été engagées, l'objectif étant d'explorer les critères décisionnels, le rôle des participants à ces projets et les défis particuliers propres à la HCC. Les résultats laissent à penser que la HCC est retenue lorsque le coût mesurable ou les avantages du programme ne sont pas les critères les plus importants et lorsque d'autres facteurs comme la réponse aux exigences architecturales (finition, couleur, etc.) ou d'autres exigences opérationnelles (comme le confort intérieur ou la maintenance) sont critiques. Dans les deux cas, les clients et les architectes sont apparus comme les membres les plus influents des équipes lors du processus de sélection du cadre.

Mots clés: processus de conception, construction en béton hybride, construction mixte, critères de performances, cadre structural     

Towards an explicit design decision process: the case of the structural frame

Decisions made during the briefing and conceptual design stages of a building project are critical to its success. One of the earliest major decisions which can have a significant effect on downstream events and results is the selection of the structural frame. Given its importance to the efficacy of the finished building, the structural frame selection process should arguably be objective and transparent, the final decision being based on the frame's ability to perform against a range of criteria appropriate to the scheme in question. However, the heuristics underpinning such decisions tend not to be explicit and thus, are difficult for inexperienced clients to understand. This article reports on research which examined the criteria used by clients, structural engineers, architects and main contractors when selecting structural frames. These were established via a postal questionnaire survey of a stratified sample of design professionals, contractors and client organizations. The analysis reveals marked differences in the perceived importance of the criteria identified amongst the respondents, which may result in conflicts between design and construction advisers and their clients should they be made explicit in the design process. Nevertheless, it is important that such differences are revealed within the decision‐making process if more appropriate design decisions are to be made in the future.     

建筑框支剪力墙发展及相关措施研究

介绍了框支剪力墙结构的研究现状及其结构特点,并从大空间层的刚度、落地剪力墙的洞口、楼面布置要求三方面对框支剪力墙的结构布置进行了分析,从而为其更进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

小波尺度选择对钢结构损伤识别的影响

采用小波概率神经网络（WPNN）损伤识别方法，分析了结构损伤识别中信号的小波分解带宽范围、小波尺度步长和尺度数量对损伤识别结果的影响，研究发现，小波尺度的选择对结构的损伤识别结果有决定性的影响。     

多层石膏墙体钢网格式框架结构影响系数研究

GB 50011-2010《建筑抗震设计规范》并未给出多层石膏墙体钢网格式框架结构的结构影响系数,因此其抗震设计荷载取值还不明确。基于此,依据GB 50011-2010规范设计了6个典型的多层钢网格式框架结构模型,通过推覆分析得出结构的能力谱曲线,基于改进能力谱法得出罕遇地震和抗震设防烈度地震作用下的需求谱曲线。将结构的能力谱曲线和延性需求谱曲线族置于统一坐标系中,确定结构的目标位移以及性能关键点坐标。进一步考虑层数及标准层布置对结构延性和超强系数的影响,评估结构的抗震性能并给出结构影响系数取值。研究表明：多层钢网格式框架结构在抗震设防烈度地震和罕遇地震作用下的变形均满足抗震规范要求;其结构影响系数取3.0,位移放大系数取4.0;该结构可采用现行抗震规范进行设计,但设计结果偏于保守。     

基于应变的玻璃幕墙结构胶损伤检测研究

本文提出了利用应变测量数据检测隐框玻璃幕墙结构胶损伤的方法,首先测量出幕墙玻璃板在外部激励下振动时各测点的动应变数据,然后综合比较各测点应变数据的变化情况,结构胶损伤的部位处必然对应着相对更大的应变数值,据此便可对结构胶是否损伤和损伤的位置作出准确判断。对一个1m×1m的玻璃板进行了结构胶损伤检测实验,结果表明了所提方法是合理可行的。     

多层钢框架与混凝土框架结构住宅设计分析

通过对一多层住宅建筑工程设计方案的计算分析，比较了混凝土结构、轧制H型钢框架结构、焊接H形钢框架结构设计结果的主要技术参数及指标，表明钢框架结构应用于多层住宅是一种值得推广的结构体系。     

Efficient structural analysis of wall–frame structures

In this study, an efficient analytical model for the dynamic analysis of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system has been proposed. A shear wall–frame structural system usually consists of a core wall showing flexural behavior and a frame presenting shear behavior. Therefore, the deformed shape of the shear wall–frame structural system is shown by the combination of flexural mode and shear mode. To consider this characteristic in developing an efficient analytical model, the effect of shear wall and frame on the dynamic behavior of a tall building with a dual system has been separately investigated. In order to consider the effect of the shear wall in the frame model without shear wall, a rigid body was used instead of the shear wall. Each equivalent model for the separated shear wall part and frame part has been independently developed, and two equivalent models were then combined to create an efficient analytical model for tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system. In order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, time history analyses of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame system were performed. With analytical results, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can provide accurate results with significantly reduced computational time and memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震加固

简要介绍了某带夹层钢筋混凝土框架结构加固改造的抗震评价,通过改变结构体系,使得加固后结构能满足规范的抗震要求,为同类结构体系的改造加固提供了参考。     

谈对建筑框架结构设计的认识

以某建筑框架结构工程为例,在了解该工程框架结构设计基本原则的基础上,从各个方面研讨了提高框架结构设计水平的方法,为框架结构设计重点和难点的攻关提供较为合理的依据。     

框架节点刚域在常用结构软件中的实现与比较

框架节点刚域对结构刚度和构件设计有一定影响。目前国内常用的结构计算分析软件对于节点刚域的实现方式和技术条件有较大差异。结合中国规范的相关规定,详细分析了SATWE,ETABS,SAP2000与MIDAS/GEN这几种常用软件在节点刚域方面的技术细节和常见问题。针对具体算例给出了各软件的计算结果及对比分析,为在结构设计中正确应用节点刚域提供了指导和借鉴。     

基于模态参数的隐框玻璃幕墙结构胶损伤检测

本文针对幕墙玻璃突发性自爆或松动脱落并导致城市灾难事故等问题,将基于模态参数的损伤检测方法应用于隐框玻璃幕墙结构胶的损伤与老化程度识别中。通过试验,研究了结构胶的界面脱胶和老化对幕墙玻璃板模态参数的影响。结果表明,结构胶脱胶位置处的玻璃模态位移振型比未损伤时振幅明显增大,频率随脱胶长度的增大而降低;随着结构胶的老化时间的增长,结构胶对玻璃的粘结作用力不断下降,玻璃的固有频率变化率也不断增大,因而可通过频率变化率来识别结构胶的老化程度。     

Comparative study of frame-corewall and frame tube structural systems based on environmental cost

Arising from people's concern on global warming, structural engineers have to pay close attention to the environmental cost component in their structural designs. The structural framework contributes about 20% of the total emissions of the building in the life cycle according to a study in the United Kingdom. In the actual design process, there is no effective method of calculating the environmental cost for structural engineers and structural engineers ignore environmental effects of the structure at most times. This paper introduces the environmental cost index of embodied carbon as well as research and engineering applications. The comprehensive structural system selection method proposed by the paper, which combines life cycle assessment method, Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) database and abatement model, considers both economic and environmental costs that take emission reduction cost into account. The method is applied to a high-rise building in Xi’an to compare structural schemes of frame-corewall and frame tube based on environmental cost, and conclusion is drawn that structural system of frame tube is better than the frame-corewall one when emission reduction cost is considered. This paper provides not only a reference for similar projects to compare different structural systems in the comprehensive perspectives of environment and economy, but also a guide for structural engineers to contribute to a more sustainable building and environment.     

浅谈轻型门式刚架结构

从轻型门式刚架结构的优点出发,系统地阐述了轻型门式刚架结构的平面布置方案以及结构设计与内力分析等,并得出了一些参考性的建议,指出轻型门式刚架结构仍具有很好的发展潜力,在工程中会得到越来越广泛的应用.     

浅谈钢筋混凝土框架结构中钢筋的选用

介绍了钢筋混凝土结构工程施工中的两项控制指标，并分析了两项指标对整个结构的重要性，提出了钢筋选用的控制措施，指出施工中要按规范把好材料关，做出合格工程。     

结构力学中反对称荷载作用下对称刚架的弯矩图规律

在结构力学的学习过程中,绘制弯矩图是基本功,属于重点考查内容,也是结构内力分析的起始性关键环节。超静定结构的弯矩图比较复杂,严重影响了学生对基本内容的理解和掌握。文章旨在通过对比静定对称刚架的弯矩图,分析反对称荷载作用下超静定对称刚架的弯矩图特点,从而找出对称刚架弯矩图的一般性规律。