磁悬浮系统车轨耦合振动研究

该文首先建立磁悬浮列车系统的车轨耦合模型,为了确保系统的全局稳定,利用状态反馈方法对磁悬浮非线性系统进行精确反馈线性化。分析了在常规反馈控制规律下,磁悬浮列车系统产生车轨耦合振动的原因。由于系统可控,如果对系统采用全状态反馈控制,可以将系统极点设置在任意位置。该文从实际的实验角度出发,考虑到并不是所有的磁悬浮系统的状态都可以获取,因此只能在常规控制规律基础上引入电磁铁的垂向速度作为控制量,实验证明：这一做法对磁悬浮系统的车轨耦合振动起到了很好的抑制作用。最后仿真说明了该文提出的控制方法对抑制磁悬浮系统车轨耦合振动的有效性。     

车桥耦合振动的摄动分析方法

基于结构摄动理论,推导车桥耦合动力系统的摄动方程,将原有的车桥耦合动力方程变成一组车辆和桥梁之间不相互耦合的方程组,实现车辆与桥梁的之间的解耦．理论上基于摄动分析方法进行严格推导,以简支梁为例,采用1／4车辆模型,验证了方法的可靠性．提出了该方法在大型有限元软件中的应用方法．     

车-简支梁桥耦合振动系统中全局最大动力响应研究

本文采用四分之一车辆模型和等截面简支梁模型,建立了车-桥耦合振动计算模型,分析了车辆匀速驶过桥梁时,桥梁动挠度、动弯矩、动剪力的全局最大值及发生的位置.进一步分析计算了车速、车距和桥梁模态截断阶数对桥梁动挠度、动弯矩、动剪力全局最大值的影响.结果表明,车速对桥梁动挠度、动弯矩、动剪力全局最大值影响较大,全局最大动挠度和全局最大动弯矩均出现在跨中附近,车速不同位置也不同,而全局最大动剪力均出现在车辆下桥的梁端;两车同时上桥时,前后车车距越大,桥梁动挠度、动弯矩、动剪力全局最大值越小,当达到一定车距时,三者不再减小且与单车情况相同;为提高桥梁动挠度、动弯矩、动剪力全局最大值计算精度,桥梁模态截断阶数宜分别大于3阶、6阶、7阶.     

车-桥系统的振动分析及控制

推导出了由变速行驶车辆与不同边界和路面不平桥梁组成的系统,在安装调质阻尼器(TMD)后的无量纲运动微分方程.作为其特例,研究了匀变速车辆与简谐路面简支桥梁系统,获得了桥梁跨中的无量纲最大挠度随加速度、减速度、初速度、质量比和路面不平度的变化规律,并对系统发生共振时进行TMD控制.数值计算表明:加速度、减速度、初速度和质量比对桥梁的影响均很大;路面不平度对桥梁的影响不可忽略,因为它甚至有可能使桥梁产生共振;TMD可明显减小桥梁的共振振幅.     

耦合结构对音叉式陀螺振动特性的影响

耦合结构对MEMS音叉式陀螺振动特性具有重要影响。针对一种典型结构的音叉式陀螺及其耦合结构,在分析其工作原理的基础上,建立了其驱动模态的振动模型。基于该模型,计算了在陀螺刚度不对称、驱动力幅值不对称及质量不对称三种情况下,该耦合结构对陀螺振动特性的影响。利用有限元仿真软件,对该耦合结构在三种情况下对陀螺振动特性的影响进行了仿真比较。计算与仿真结果表明,通过改变耦合结构尺寸,能够调整陀螺固有频率,进而对振动特性产生影响。根据结果,提出了音叉式陀螺耦合结构的设计准则。     

过载振动复合环境下平台惯导系统仿真分析

分析了过载振动复合环境下平台系统的工作原理和误差情况,提出一种反映惯性仪器结构振动特性的误差模型.设计了基于Simulink的复合环境下惯性测量误差的仿真流程.对过载振动复合环境下惯性测量误差进行仿真,得到复合环境下惯性测量误差的规律.研究表明,惯性仪器在过载振动复合环境下,因为结构变化而产生了较大的工作误差,这些误差的表现形式相当复杂,在单一环境实验中是体现不出来的.     

过载振动复合环境下平台惯导系统仿真分析

分析了过载振动复合环境下平台系统的工作原理和误差情况,提出一种反映惯性仪器结构振动特性的误差模型。设计了基于Simulink的复合环境下惯性测量误差的仿真流程。对过载振动复合环境下惯性测量误差进行仿真,得到复合环境下惯性测量误差的规律。研究表明,惯性仪器在过载振动复合环境下,因为结构变化而产生了较大的工作误差,这些误差的表现形式相当复杂,在单一环境实验中是体现不出来的。     

带有星型齿轮传动结构的转子系统不平衡耦合振动分析

齿轮传动风扇发动机(GTF)的低压转子系统由于带有星型齿轮传动结构,使得其具有有别于传统发动机的动力学特性,因此由于这种齿轮柔性转子耦合系统而产生的振动问题更为复杂.本文基于该低压转子的结构特点,建立了具有星型齿轮传动结构的三支点转子系统有限元模型,通过对高速转子轮盘施加偏心质量,研究不平衡矢量激励下转子系统的耦合振动特性,并进行了相关试验分析.结果表明：在双盘不平衡激励下,由于不平衡之间耦合效应,转子系统各轴段均存在振动减弱的情况.并且与中心齿轮相比,环形齿圈与游星齿轮之间的啮合力更大,且受不平衡初始相位的影响更显著.此外,当相位差为180°时,不平衡对转子系统的危害较大.     

考虑几何非线性和热效应的刚柔耦合系统的频域特性研究

研究温度场中旋转刚体-梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学特性.考虑几何非线性和热效应,从精确的应变-位移关系式出发,用虚功原理和有限单元法建立了旋转刚体-梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学方程.由于非线性刚度阵与变形的高次项有关,将非线性刚度阵的各元素表示为广义坐标阵和常值阵的乘积.数值计算表明,该方法可避免重复积分,提高计算效率.在此基础上研究了在温度递增的情况下几何非线性对系统的刚-柔耦合动力学特性的影响,用频谱分析方法研究了系统的固有频率随中心刚体转动惯量和温度的变化.     

壁面粗糙度对空气静压系统微振动的影响研究

主要针对壁面粗糙度引起气体静压导轨微振动进行了分析.讨论了壁面粗糙度对沿程阻力系数的影响,得到了沿程阻力系数与相对壁面粗糙度与雷诺数的关系.利用Fluent软件仿真了方形、半圆形、三角形三种典型粗糙壁面模型的流场分布情况,得到了各种模型下的速度与压力分布图.仿真结果显示壁面粗糙度会引发流场内的涡流,从而引起气体静压导轨...     

基于格林函数的浮置板参数对高架桥梁垂向振动的影响

根据城市轨道交通高架桥梁轻型浮置板线路的结构特点,建立车辆-轻型浮置板轨道-高架桥梁垂向耦合振动模型,利用格林函数得到浮置板轨道与桥梁垂向振动响应的解析表达式,分析在轨道不平顺振动载荷激励下浮置板参数对轨道系统振动的影响。结果表明:浮置板参数的变化对高架桥梁垂向振动的影响主要集中在70 Hz以下的低频段;减小钢弹簧刚度对降低桥梁垂向振动功率、增大振动传播的衰减有利;浮置板厚度对桥梁垂向振动的影响较为复杂,需要根据情况区别对待。     

Response of the seated human body to whole-body vertical vibration: discomfort caused by sinusoidal vibration

Frequency weightings for predicting vibration discomfort assume the same frequency-dependence at all magnitudes of vibration, whereas biodynamic studies show that the frequency-dependence of the human body depends on the magnitude of vibration. This study investigated how the frequency-dependence of vibration discomfort depends on the acceleration and the force at the subject–seat interface. Using magnitude estimation, 20 males and 20 females judged their discomfort caused by sinusoidal vertical acceleration at 13 frequencies (1–16 Hz) at magnitudes from 0.1 to 4.0 ms^? 2 r.m.s. The frequency-dependence of their equivalent comfort contours depended on the magnitude of vibration, but was less dependent on the magnitude of dynamic force than the magnitude of acceleration, consistent with the biodynamic non-linearity of the body causing some of the magnitude-dependence of equivalent comfort contours. There were significant associations between the biodynamic responses and subjective responses at all frequencies in the range 1–16 Hz.

Practitioner Summary: Vertical seat vibration causes discomfort in many forms of transport. This study provides the frequency-dependence of vibration discomfort over a range of vibration magnitudes and shows how the frequency weightings in the current standards can be improved.     

两档输电线路间的非线性耦合振动特性研究

考虑几何非线性的影响,推导了两档输电导线与悬垂绝缘子串耦合振动的非线性动力学方程,并运用数值分析软件对不同工况下的振动响应进行了数值求解.基于输电导线振动的位移时程曲线,得到了两档输电导线的非线性耦合振动特性和共振特性,在小传输角度情况下,角度对输电导线的振动幅度没有明显影响,但振动系统的静平衡位置会发生偏移.     

The influence of seat backrest angle on perceived discomfort during exposure to vertical whole-body vibration

National and International Standards (e.g. BS 6841 and ISO 2631-1) provide methodologies for the measurement and assessment of whole-body vibration in terms of comfort and health. The EU Physical Agents (Vibration) Directive (PAVD) provides criteria by which vibration magnitudes can be assessed. However, these standards only consider upright seated (90°) and recumbent (0°) backrest angles, and do not provide guidance for semi-recumbent postures. This article reports an experimental programme that investigated the effects of backrest angle on comfort during vertical whole-body vibration. The series of experiments showed that a relationship exists between seat backrest angle, whole-body vibration frequency and perceived levels of discomfort. The recumbent position (0°) was the most uncomfortable and the semi-recumbent positions of 67.5° and 45° were the least uncomfortable. A new set of frequency weighting curves are proposed which use the same topology as the existing BS and ISO standards. These curves could be applied to those exposed to whole-body vibration in semi-recumbent postures to augment the existing standardised methods. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Current vibration standards provide guidance for assessing exposures for seated, standing and recumbent positions, but not for semi-recumbent postures. This article reports new experimental data systematically investigating the effect of backrest angle on discomfort experienced. It demonstrates that most discomfort is caused in a recumbent posture and that least was caused in a semi-recumbent posture.     

Synchronization of the four identical unbalanced rotors in a vibrating system of plane motion

A new mechanism is proposed to implement the synchronization of the four unbalanced rotors in a vibrating system, which consists of a main rigid frame (MRF) and two accessorial rigid frames (ARF). An analytical approach is developed to study the coupling dynamic characteristics of the four unbalanced rotors, which converts the problem of synchronization of the four unbalanced rotors into the existence and the stability of zero solutions for the non-dimensional differential equations of the angular velocity ...     

一类弦-梁耦合非线性振动系统的动力学数值模拟研究

本文研究了一类具有参数激励和外激励弦-梁耦合非线性系统.首先,运用多尺度法分析弦-梁耦合非线性系统的响应,求得系统平均方程.其次,基于求得的方程,以系统的阻尼系数作为分叉参数,并对系统平衡点的稳定性进行分析,得到平衡点的分叉曲线.为了验证理论预测的正确性数值模拟了不同分叉参数下的相空间轨线.利用四阶龙格库塔方法验证了弦-梁耦合非线性系统混沌运动的存在性,从数值模拟看出系统存在单倍周期运动、多倍周期运动和混沌运动.     

The effect of posture and vibration magnitude on the vertical vibration transmissibility of tractor suspension system

The efficiency of suspension seat can be influenced by several factors such as the input vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat and the dynamic characteristics of the human body. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of sitting postures and vibration magnitude on the vibration transmissibility of a suspension system of an agricultural tractor seat. Eleven (11) healthy male subjects participated in the study. All subjects were asked to sit on the suspension system. Four (4) different sitting postures were investigated – i) “relax”, ii) “slouch”, iii) “tense”, and iv) “with backrest support”. All subjects were exposed to random vertical vibration in the range of 1–20 Hz, at three vibration magnitudes - 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 m/s² r.m.s for 60 s. The results showed that there were three pronounced peaks in the seat transmissibility, with the primary resonance was found at 1.75–2.5 Hz for every sitting postures. The “backrest” condition had the highest transmissibility resonance (1.46), while the “slouch” posture had the highest Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT) values (64.7%). Changes in vibration magnitude for “relax” posture from 0.5 to 2.0 m/s² r.m.s resulted in greater reduction in the primary resonance frequency of seat transmissibility. The SEAT values decreased with increased vibration magnitude. It can be suggested that variations in posture and vibration magnitude affected the vibration transmission through the suspension system, indicating the non-linear effect on the interaction between the human body and the suspension system.Relevance to industry: Investigating the posture adopted during agricultural activities, and the effects of various magnitudes of vibration on the suspension system's performance are beneficial to the industry. The findings regarding their influence on the human body may be used to optimize the suspension system's performance.     

刚柔耦合重型汽车建模及通过连续减速带的平顺性分析

建立了考虑车架柔性的刚柔耦合重型汽车整车模型,通过与刚性车对比,验证了所建刚柔耦合车辆模型的正确性.依据实际需求建立了三组连续减速带模型,以车身垂向加速度和各轮垂向轮胎力为评价指标,分析车辆行驶速度、减速带高度和宽度对汽车行驶平顺性的影响.研究表明,减速带的高度与车身垂向加速度和垂向轮胎力成正比,减速带宽度与车身垂向加速度和垂向轮胎力成反比,对于限速60 km/h的道路,宽度为600 mm,高度为8 mm的减速带能起到良好的限速效果,同时还能保证车辆行驶的平顺性.