CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的制备及其性能

以针刺整体炭毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)增密制备C/C多孔体,然后采用反应熔体浸渗法(RMI),将Cu与Si同时熔渗进C/C坯体中制备CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料.研究CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的组织结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,并与C/C-SiC复合材料进行对比.结果表明:CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击韧性略低于C/C-SiC复合材料的;采用30Cr钢作对偶时,CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦因数约为0.24,线磨损率小于4 μm·side-1·cycle-1,均与C/C-SiC复合材料的相近,但其摩擦表面温度降低约50 ℃;以自身材料作对偶时,CuxSiy改性C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦磨损性能略低于C/C-SiC复合材料的.     

高密度预制体制备炭/炭复合材料的弯曲力学性能与断裂机制

以丙烯作为碳源,氮气作为载气,采用初始密度为0.94g/cm3三维正交PAN基12K炭纤维预制体,利用自制的快速CVI炉制备基体热解炭结构为带状结构的C/C复合材料。力学性能测试结果表明,材料的弯曲断裂特征与制备过程中受到的高温热处理次数有关。从载荷-位移曲线来看,当C/C复合材料经过两次热处理时,C/C复合材料呈明显假塑性断裂特征。当C/C复合材料经过三次热处理时,载荷-位移曲线趋于稳定平滑,抗弯强度降低。从C/C复合材料断面的SEM图可以观察到材料断裂可以分为层间断裂和层内断裂,而层内断裂又因热解炭填充密度变化呈明显的分区断裂。由于热解炭和纤维含量在C/C复合材料中分布的差异,材料在不同的区域表现出不同的断裂特征,从而使得材料具备良好的弯曲强度同时具有一定的韧性特征。     

热处理纤维增强碳基复合材料的力学性能和抗氧化性能

以不同温度热处理纤维为增强体,以酚醛树脂为碳基体先驱体,利用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备碳纤维增强碳基(C/C)复合材料。微观形貌观察发现纤维热处理能够改变C/C多孔体(经过一次裂解后)的孔隙尺寸和分布模式。力学性能测试发现,随着热处理温度提高,C/C复合材料的力学性能不断提高,对纤维进行1200℃热处理后,C/C弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别提高了1.58倍和1.21倍,同时失效模式由脆性断裂转变为假塑性断裂。抗氧化性能研究发现,600℃热处理纤维增强材料的抗氧化性能提升,而更高温度的纤维热处理导致材料抗氧化性能下降。C/C复合材料性能变化的主要原因是热处理降低纤维表面的反应活性,使得C/C获得结合适宜的纤维/基体界面。     

高温循环下SiC-C/SiBCN复合材料的力学性能研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)结合前驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)技术制备了SiC涂层的C/Si C和C/SiBCN复合材料,研究了高温循环氧化对2种复合材料弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,与SiC-C/SiC相比,SiC-C/SiBCN复合材料的平均室温抗弯曲强度约为605 MPa,增幅达到126.6%。在1000和1200℃循环3次后,Si C-C/SiBCN的剩余抗弯曲强度分别为417和342 MPa,强度保留率分别为68.9%和56.5%,显著优于SiC-C/Si C复合材料。与PIP SiC陶瓷基体相比,Si BCN基体的孔隙率更低,高温下SiBCN氧化后形成SiO_2和B_2O_3,可以更好地降低O_2的透过率,提高材料的抗氧化性能和强度保留率。     

熔渗法制备C/C-Cu复合材料的力学性能

以炭纤维(Cf)针刺整体毡为预制体,分别采用化学气相渗透(Chemical vapor deposition,CVI)和浸渍炭化(Impregnation and carbonization,I/C)制备不同密度和基体炭的C/C坯体;通过添加Ti元素改善熔融Cu与C/C坯体的润湿性.采用真空熔渗法制备C/C-Cu复合材料.对复合材料的力学性能及其与坯体之间的关系进行研究,并与常用滑板材料的力学性能进行比较.结果表明:随着坯体密度的增加,复合材料的抗弯强度下降,而坯体密度为1.4 g/cm3的复合材料的冲击韧性达到最大值.与用I/C坯体制备的复合材料相比,用CVI坯体制备的复合材料具有更高的强度和韧性,其弯曲曲线呈“假塑性”断裂特征,断裂时纤维从热解炭层或熔渗金属相中拔出,熔渗金属相呈“韧窝状”的塑性断裂形貌.冲击断裂时,复合材料倾向于沿TiC/熔渗金属界面断裂.C/C-Cu复合材料的抗弯强度为180～300 MPa、冲击韧性高于3.5 J/cm2,优于常用滑动电接触材料的性能,是一种极具潜力的新型滑动电接触材料.     

先驱体转化制备2D Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能

以国产3k JC1#纤维布为增强体,以聚碳硅烷和SiC微粉为先驱体和填料,分别采用热压辅助先驱体转化和先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了2D Cf/SiC复合材料.结果表明,热压辅助先驱体转化工艺制备的2D C/SiC复合材料纤维损伤严重,基体较为疏松,材料力学性能很低,弯曲强度和断裂韧性仅为84.3 MPa和6.5 MPa·m1/2.而先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备的2D C-SiC复合材料纤维损伤较小,具有较好的界面结合,内部孔隙较为均匀,力学性能较好,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到321.6 MPa和17.8 MPa·m1/2.材料具有较好的高温力学性能,1300℃时力学性能有较大幅度的提高,1600℃和1800℃时复合材料力学性能还可以较好地保持.     

沥青炭基体C/C复合材料单向层间剪切性能及破坏机理

以沥青四氢呋喃溶液、沥青四氢呋喃溶液 20％焦炭粉(质量分数)和酚醛树脂四氢呋喃溶液 60％焦炭(质量分数)为预浸料预浸炭纤维，模压制成初坯体，然后再浸渍沥青-炭化，制备了3种单向纤维增强炭／炭(C／C)复合材料试祥。对试祥的密度、开孔率、层间剪切强度和显微结构进行了测试和观察，探讨了剪切破坏的机理。结果表明：C／C复合材料的层间剪切强度随密度的增大和孔隙度的降低而提高，高温处理虽可使致密度得到进一步增大，但层间剪切强度则由于基体炭的软化，以及基体炭与纤维(或焦炭粉颗粒)界面的变化而显著降低；由于微裂纹和孔洞的存在，剪切裂纹前沿应力集中被释放，可阻止裂纹继续扩展，载荷的继续增大导致新裂纹的生成并扩展，所以C／C复合材料的三点弯曲剪切破坏呈多裂纹复合剪切模式。     

C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的制备及其力学性能

利用浆料浸渗技术将纳米ZrC粒子引入到CFRP先驱体中,裂解CFRP获得C/C-ZrC多孔体,然后采用液硅熔渗反应工艺制备了C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料。使用SEM和XRD对材料微观形貌和组织进行了观察与分析。采用三点弯曲和单边缺口梁法(SENB)对C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别进行了测试。结果表明:采用浆料浸渗技术可以将纳米ZrC粒子均匀的弥散在C/C-ZrC多孔体中,随着引入ZrC纳米粒子含量的增多,C/C-ZrC多孔体孔隙率增大。经液硅熔渗反应后,获得的C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料具有不同微观组织结构。力学性能测试发现,当纳米ZrC粒子含量为5%(质量分数)时,复合材料弯曲强度和断裂韧性达到了最大值;当ZrC粒子含量超过5%时,其弯曲强度和断裂韧性有所下降,表明适量纳米ZrC粒子的引入,可以改善C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的力学性能。     

C/C-SiC复合材料的制备及其层间剪切强度分析

采用先驱体浸渍裂解结合液硅渗透的方法制备C/C-SiC复合材料。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了材料的成分和微结构,采用压缩双切口试样法分别在室温和1600℃下测试其层间剪切强度,分析了微观剪切破坏机理。结果表明:碳纤维表面的热解碳(PyC)与液硅反应生成一层SiC,保护纤维不受残余Si的损伤。树脂碳和液硅反应生成的SiC填充了多孔C/C的孔隙。材料的高温层间剪切强度是室温下的2倍左右。室温下基体存在残余热应力,界面结合强度低,材料属于脆性断裂,高温下基体残余热应力得到释放,界面结合强度增大,基体裂纹部分闭合,该复合材料可承受更大的剪切应力。     

PIP法制备陶瓷基复合材料构件的弯曲性能研究

采用先驱体转化工艺(PIP)制备三维炭纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(3D-Cf/SiC)构件。通过三点弯曲强度方法分析构件材料的弯曲性能及破坏规律。研究表明:采用三维炭纤维编织的陶瓷基复合材料构件,其复合材料基体的主要成分为β-SiC,材料具有较高的弯曲性能,可达511MPa,构件材料与采用同种PIP工艺制备的3D-Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料相比较,强度降低26.4%,这可能是由制备的构件其致密度较低以及后续加工等因素所致。3D-Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在弯曲断裂过程,材料纤维与纤维束被大量拔出,表现出类似金属的较好假塑性断裂特征。     

C／C坯体对RMI C／C—SiC复合材料组织的影响

以PAN基炭纤维（Cf）针刺整体毡为预制体，用化学气相渗透（CVI）、浸渍炭化（IC）方法制备了不同炭纤维增强炭基体的多孔C／C坯体，采用反应熔渗（RMI）法制备C／C—SiC复合材料，研究了渗Si前后坯体的密度和组织结构。结果表明：不同C／C坯体反应溶渗硅后复合材料的物相组成为SiC相、C相及单质Si相；密度低的坯体熔融渗硅后密度增加较多；密度的增加与开口孔隙度并不是单调增加的关系，IC处理的坯体开口孔隙度低，但渗硅后复合材料的密度增加较多；IC坯体中分布分散的树脂C易与熔渗Si反应，CVI坯体中的热解C仅表层与熔渗Si反应，在Cf和SiC之间有热解C存在；坯体密度相同时，IC处理的坯体中SiC量较多，单质Si相含量少且分散较好，而CVI坯体中SiC量较少，单质Si相的量较多；制备方法相同时，高密度的C／C坯体，渗硅后C相较多。     

C/SiC复合材料用莫来石/硅酸钇双层涂层的抗氧化性能研究

针对C/SiC复合材料的防氧化要求,在材料表面通过等离子喷涂法制备了莫来石/硅酸钇的双层涂层,对涂层的形貌、组成和结构及其与基底的结合强度进行了表征,开展了1500℃、1h静态空气氧化实验,对抗氧化涂层的结构演变进行了分析,并对C/SiC复合材料氧化实验前后的质量和力学性能变化进行了研究。结果表明,莫来石/硅酸钇双层涂层抗氧化作用较好,涂层C/SiC复合材料的强度保留率达95.3%。     

Oxidation behavior of oxidation protective coatings for C/C-SiC composites at 1 500 °C

Porous carbon/carbon preforms were infiltrated with melted silicon to form C/C-SiC composites. Three-layer Si-Mo coating prepared by slurry painting and SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) alternated with slurry painting were applied on C/C-SiC composites, respectively. The oxidation of three samples at 1 500 °C was compared. The results show that the C/C-SiC substrate is distorted quickly. Three-layer Si-Mo coating is out of service soon due to the formation of many bubbles on surface. The mass loss of coated sample is 0.76% after 1 h oxidation. The sample with SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating gains mass even after 105 h oxidation. SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating can provide longtime protection for C/C-SiC composites and has excellent thermal shock resistance. This is attributed to the combination of dense SiC layer and porous Si-Mo layer. Dense SiC layer plays the dual role of physical and chemical barrier, and resists the oxidation of porous Si-Mo layer. Porous Si-Mo layer improves the thermal shock resistance of the coating.     

Influence of preparation temperature on the oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of C/SiC coated C/C composites

A C/SiC oxidation resistance coating was prepared on carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by slurry and pack cementation. The microstructure, oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of C/SiC coating prepared from 1773 to 2573 K were investigated. With the increase of the preparation temperature, the oxidation resistance of C/SiC coating increases, however, the flexure strength decreases gradually. The preparation of C/SiC coating on C/C composites results in the fracture behavior of C/C composites changing from pseudo-plastic to brittle failure model. The decrease of flexure strength is mainly attributed to the decrease of C/C matrix’ flexure strength at high temperature.     

Oxidation behavior of oxidation protective coatings for C/C-SiC composites at 1 500℃

Porous carbon/carbon preforms were infiltrated with melted silicon to form C/C-SiC composites. Three-layer Si-Mo coating prepared by slurry painting and SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) alternated with slurry painting were applied on C/C-SiC composites, respectively. The oxidation of three samples at 1 500 ℃ was compared. The results show that the C/C-SiC substrate is distorted quickly. Three-layer Si-Mo coating is out of service soon due to the formation of many bubbles on surface. The mass loss of coated sample is 0.76% after 1 h oxidation. The sample with SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating gains mass even after 105 h oxidation. SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating can provide longtime protection for C/C-SiC composites and has excellent thermal shock resistance. This is attributed to the combination of dense SiC layer and porous Si-Mo layer. Dense SiC layer plays the dual role of physical and chemical barrier, and resists the oxidation of porous Si-Mo layer. Porous Si-Mo layer improves the thermal shock resistance of the coating.     

Thermal fatigue behavior of C/C composites modified by SiC-MoSi2-CrSi2 coating

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were modified by SiC-MoSi₂-CrSi₂ multiphase coating by pack cementation, and their thermal fatigue behavior under thermal cycling in Ar and air environments was investigated. The modified C/C composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results of tests show that, after 20-time thermal cycles between 1773 K and room temperature in Ar environment, the flexural strength of modified C/C samples decreased lightly and the percentage of remaining strength was 94.92%. While, after thermal cycling between 1773 K and room temperature in air for 20 times, the weight loss of modified C/C samples was 5.1%, and the flexural strength of the modified C/C samples reduced obviously and the percentage of remaining strength was only 75.22%. The fracture mode of modified C/C samples changed from a brittle behavior to a pseudo-plastic one as the service environment transformed from Ar to air. The decrease of the flexural strength during thermal cycle in air was primarily attributed to the partial oxidation of modified C/C samples.     

Effect of C/SiC Volume Ratios on Mechanical and Oxidation Behaviors of Cf/C-SiC Composites Fabricated by Chemical Vapor Infiltration Technique

C/SiC volume ratios in carbon fiber-reinforced carbon-silicon carbide (C_f/C-SiC) composites may influence greatly mechanical and oxidation properties of the composites, but have not been well investigated yet. Herein, C_f/C-SiC composites with different C/SiC volume ratios were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) technique through alternating the thickness of a pyrocarbon (PyC) interlayer. The composites with C/SiC volume ratios of 0.37 and 0.84 exhibited the better comprehensive mechanical properties. The CS0.37 showed the highest flexural strength of 340.6 MPa, and CS0.84 had the maximum tensile strength of 139.1 MPa. The excellent mechanical properties were closely related to the relatively low C/SiC volume ratios and porosities, optimum interfacial bonding and reduced matrix micro-cracks. The composite with a low C/SiC volume ratio of 0.10 showed the best anti-oxidation performance due to its high SiC content. The oxidation mechanisms at 1100 °C and 1400 °C were discussed by considering the effect of the C/SiC volume ratios, pores and matrix micro-cracks, oxidation of carbon phase and SiC.     

准三维C/C复合材料的层间剪切性能及其断裂机理

以炭纤维针刺毡为预制体, 采用化学气相浸渗(CVI)法或结合液相法制备了热解炭、树脂炭和沥青炭基质的准三维C/C复合材料, 研究了这些材料的层间剪切性能及其断裂机理. 结果表明: CVI基质炭比沥青基质炭更有利于C/C复合材料的层间剪切性能的提高; 剪切强度随密度增高而增大, 致密度越高, 基体支撑越强, 同时微裂纹和孔隙度就越低, 断裂裂纹不易形成或扩展, 强度性能就越好; 纯沥青基质炭试样为"突发"的脆性断裂方式, 其他基质炭试样表现为韧性断裂方式.     

热处理对C/C-SiC接头连接强度的影响

C纤维增强C和SiC双基复合材料(C/C-SiC)的连接是其能否得到广泛应用的关键技术之一。采用硼改性酚醛树脂以及B4C和SiO2填料通过反应成形连接工艺连接C/C-SiC,研究热处理温度(300～1000℃)对连接件强度保留率的影响。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,强度保留率先降低,在800℃时达到最低值80.6%,然后随着温度进一步升高,强度保留率又升高,在1000℃时达到88.1%,表明连接件具有较好的耐热性能。随着热处理温度的升高,连接层相组成发生变化。连接件经过1000℃处理30min后,连接层由B4C、SiO2和玻璃碳以及无定型B2O3组成,C、Si、O和B元素分布都较为均匀,并在界面处发生了扩散,连接件断裂方式为混合断裂。     

不同成分对C/C-SiC材料摩擦磨损行为的影响与机理

采用温压-原位反应法制备C/C-SiC复合材料,研究了SiC、石墨和树脂炭成分对C/C-SiC材料摩擦磨损行为的影响及其机理.结果表明:SiC在摩擦表面摩擦膜的形成过程中起骨架作用,提高SiC的含量有利于提高摩擦系数,降低磨损率;树脂炭在材料中具有粘结各成分和提高摩擦系数的作用,但其成膜性较差,易增大磨损率;石墨粉在制动过程中起润滑作用,适量石墨粉有助于形成稳定的摩擦膜降低磨损率;摩擦表面摩擦膜的形成有利于减少C/C-SiC材料的磨损率.