对氯苯基卟啉-氨基酸及其锌配合物的合成和表征

为了探索氯的空间位置及不同的氨基酸对卟啉 -氨基酸化合物性能的影响 ,合成了 5 - [4-(3 -酪氨酸丙氧基 )苯基 ]- 1 0 ,1 5 ,2 0 -三 (4-氯苯基 )卟啉 ,5 - [4- (3 -组氨酸丙氧基 )苯基 ]- 1 0 ,1 5 ,2 0 -三(4-氯苯基 )卟啉 ,两种新型的尾式卟啉 -氨基酸化合物及其锌配合物 ,用元素分析 ,紫外 -可见光谱 ,红外光谱 ,核磁共振氢谱 ,质谱确证了其结构 ,并测试了其荧光光谱     

3种肉桂醛-氨基酸钾盐席夫碱的合成及荧光性能分析

在氨基酸钾盐席夫碱上引入肉桂醛,设计合成肉桂醛-氨基酸钾盐席夫碱。以三种典型的氨基酸为原料:甘氨酸(最简单的氨基酸)、天冬氨酸(两个-COOH)、D-苯丙氨酸(带有苯环),合成后对3种化合物进行红外光谱和紫外光谱、荧光光谱等表征。结果表明:相比甘氨酸,其他2种氨基酸所合成席夫碱的荧光光谱的都较强,其中苯丙氨酸最强。     

氨基酸树脂中Fmoc的含量测定

Fmoc即9-芴甲氧羰基,保护多肽的的固相合成。在多肽合成的过程中,保护基Fmoc的去除不仅是必不可少的反应步骤,同时通过对去除的Fmoc含量的测定可以得出含有Fmoc氨基酸树脂的取代率,进而达到对多肽合成过程进行检测的目的。本方案利用紫外分光光度法对多肽合成过程中氨基酸保护基Fmoc的含量进行测定,可直观检测出出Fmoc氨基酸树脂中Fmoc的含量和装载量,从而对Fmoc保护多肽合成过程进行实时监控。     

多肽合成中氨基酸活化酯的制备研究

氨基酸活化反应对合成多肽的产率及纯度具有重要影响。以芴甲氧羰基-缬氨酸为研究对象,首次采用反相高效液相色谱法检测活化反应过程,建立了芴甲氧羰基-缬氨酸活化酯的分析方法,优化了氨基酸活化酯的制备条件,并引入了新的用于Fmoc策略合成多肽的溶剂体系——四氢呋喃。结果表明:溶剂和活化试剂对活化酯的产率影响显著;活化酯制备的最佳反应条件为n(Fmoc-Val-OH)∶n(HOBt)∶n(DCC)=1∶1∶1.2,溶剂为THF,反应温度为25℃。     

二氯亚砜-甲醇溶液中合成氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐的研究

分别以5种氨基酸为原料,通过在二氯亚砜-甲醇溶液中反应,合成了L-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-丝氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐等5种稳定的氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐。与现有的合成方法相比,本法操作简便,反应时间短,产物纯度较高,不需进一步提纯,产率可达92.6%～97.6%。     

极性氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐合成新方法

以四种极性氨基酸、二氯亚砜和HCl的甲醇溶液为原料合成了L-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,L-蛋氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,L-丝氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,L-赖氨酸甲酯盐酸盐四种稳定的氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐,并通过元素分析、红外光谱对化合物的组成和结构进行了表征。反应条件温和,产率较高,产率高达95.4%~97.5%;同时也讨论了影响反应的因素。     

氮端Fmoc保护11-脱氧甘草次酸二肽类衍生物的合成

为获得高药效甘草次酸衍生物,以甘草次酸为原料,经过克莱门森还原得到11-脱氧甘草次酸,所得产物经溴乙烷乙酯化制得11-脱氧甘草次酸-30-乙酯,之后在THF溶液(四氢呋喃)中与Fmoc-Met-OH(Fmoc保护的甲硫氨酸)在DCC/DMAP中耦合制得11-脱氧甘草次酸-30-乙酯-3-Fmoc保护甲硫氨酸,然后在V(CHCl2)∶V(二乙胺)=1∶1溶液中脱去Fmoc保护基得到11-脱氧甘草次酸-30-乙酯-3-甲硫氨酸,再在THF溶液中与Fmoc保护缬氨酸,甘氨酸,苯丙氨酸通过DCC/DMAP耦合得标题化合物,收率95%～98%。其结构经1HNMR和MS表征。     

市场动态

放线菌素D(Actinomycin D)又名更生霉素,是放线菌素中的一种,而放线菌素是链丝菌属菌所产生的多种抗菌素的总称。这类抗菌素均含有发色团母核:3-氨基-1,8-二甲基-2-吩嗪酮-4,5-二羧酸,通过羧基与多肽侧链相连,和母核连接的酥氨酸与多肽中最后的N-甲基缬氨酸缩合成为内酯环。各种放线菌素的差异主要是多肽侧链中的氨基酸及其排列顺序。根据水解条件的不同,可生成不同的水解产物和各种氨基酸。放线菌素D是由酥氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、N-甲基甘氨酸和N-甲基缬氨酸组成的两个多肽内酯环,与母核C_4、C_5羧基缩合而成。     

对称席夫碱锌卟啉化合物的合成及性能研究

以乳酸、对硝基苯甲醛和吡咯为主要原料,硝基苯为溶剂合成meso-四(4-硝基)苯基卟啉化合物,通过浓盐酸和氯化亚锡还原得到对应的氨基卟啉,与锌配位后,在四氢呋喃为溶剂,冰醋酸为催化剂的作用下,与3种醛反应合成3种标题化合物。利用核磁共振氢谱,IR,UV-Vis,荧光,循环伏安法等方法确定了目标化合物的结构、光谱特征和电化学性能。讨论了不同给电子基团的引入对光谱性能及氧化还原能力的影响。     

油酸和十二烷二酸的氨基酸酯的合成及其生物抗菌性

以L-丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、L-蛋氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-亮氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和L-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐在1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐和1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)的作用下分别与油酸进行反应，生成了5种油酸的氨基酸衍生物；将L-丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐分别与十二烷二酸进行反应，生成了两种十二烷二酸的氨基酸衍生物，7种产物的收率均≥75%。利用FTIR、TGA、¹HNMR和LC-MS对产物进行了表征，测试了产物的水油分散性，考察了产物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌性。结果表明，所合成的脂肪酰氨基酸酯均能在水油体系中分散，且具有较强的生物抗菌性，其中，0.01 mg油酸酰亮氨酸乙酯能有效地抑制金黄色葡萄球菌(菌数由2.0×10⁹ CFU/mL降至1.4×10⁷ CFU/mL)，而相同质量油酸酰酪氨酸甲酯则能抑制大肠杆菌(菌数由2.0×10⁹ CFU/mL降至1.8×10⁷ CFU/mL)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.