Model-Based Multichannel Compressive Sampling with Ultra-Low Sampling Rate

The emerging compressive sampling (CS) theory makes processing ultra-wide-band (UWB) signal at a low sampling rate possible if the underlying signal has a sparse representation in a certain basis. The feasibility of model based compressive sampling for ultra-wide-band (UWB) signal is investigated. In this paper, a multichannel compressive sampling architecture is developed to capture UWB signal at a rate much lower than Nyquist rate. The proposed framework considers sub-Nyquist sampling stream of delayed and weighted versions of a known signal with finite support in time domain. A basis function is constructed to realize sparse signal representation. To reduce the hardware cost, a segmented architecture is suggested. In addition, a joint signal recovery algorithm is presented. Experimental results indicate that, with this system, a UWB signal sampled at about 4% of Nyquist rate still can be recovered with overwhelming probability.     

An Introduction To Compressive Sampling [A sensing/sampling paradigm that goes against the common knowledge in data acquisition]

Conventional approaches to sampling signals or images follow Shannon's theorem: the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum frequency present in the signal (Nyquist rate). In the field of data conversion, standard analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technology implements the usual quantized Shannon representation - the signal is uniformly sampled at or above the Nyquist rate. This article surveys the theory of compressive sampling, also known as compressed sensing or CS, a novel sensing/sampling paradigm that goes against the common wisdom in data acquisition. CS theory asserts that one can recover certain signals and images from far fewer samples or measurements than traditional methods use.     

基于压缩感知的脉冲超宽带信号检测

传统的信号检测算法基于奈奎斯特采样定理来实现,这对于带宽极宽的超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)信号而言由于要求采样速率过高而很难用硬件去实现。为此,本文研究了基于压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)的脉冲超宽带(impulse radio UWB, IR-UWB)信号检测问题,利用IR鄄UWB 信号在时域上的稀疏特性,设计了一种基于压缩感知的IR鄄UWB 信号检测框架,在此基础上提出了一种自适应加权正交匹配追踪检测算法。仿真结果表明,新算法不仅能够通过远少于奈奎斯特定理所要求的采样速率检测出IR-UWB 信号,而且与基于匹配追踪的压缩感知检测算法相比,新算法在低信噪比的情况下对IR-UWB 信号的检测效果更佳。     

基于压缩感知的红外与可见光图像融合算法

压缩感知是一种新的信号采样理论,突破了传统的Nyquist采样率须为信号最高频率的2倍以上的定理。对于稀疏信号,它能够以远低于Nyquist采样速率对信号进行采样,并通过重构算法恢复出原信号。提出了一种基于压缩感知的红外与可见光图像融合算法,对图像进行测量,并通过融合算法对测量值进行融合。仿真实验显示,压缩感知能较好地实现图像的融合。     

基于压缩感知的多发多收高分辨SAR成像算法研究

压缩感知理论指出,稀疏信号可以通过以低于奈奎斯特采样的测量数据重建出原始信号。针对高分辨率SAR成像在奈奎斯特理论下所面临的高速A／D采样、大数据量存储、传输等问题挑战。本文提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的多发多收高分辨率SAR二维成像算法。该算法减轻了高分辨率SAR成像的压力,采用压缩感知处理降低了A／D采样速率、数据量...     

基于压缩传感的重构算法研究

传统的奈奎斯特采样定理规定采样率必须是频率带宽两倍,浪费大量采样资源。如果信号可以稀疏表示,那么可以采用压缩传感技术重构原始信号,压缩传感能在采样的同时对数据进行适当压缩,节省系统资源。现存的压缩传感重构算法对图像边缘和纹理的重构效果都不太理想,提出一种基于全变差的图像重构算法,该算法能稳定有效地重构图像的边缘和纹理。     

基于特征值能量的压缩采样信号检测方法

压缩采样能够较好地保持稀疏信号的结构和信息,可以在不重构原信号的条件下,直接处理采样数据完成信号检测。本文针对压缩采样信号的盲检测问题,提出一种基于特征值能量的检测算法。该算法对循环频率等于零时的循环自相关矩阵进行分析并实现重构,进而利用分解得到的特征值构造检测统计量,通过研究检测统计量的分布情况确定检测门限,最终实现检测判决。实验结果表明,在相同条件下,该算法具有更好的检测性能和相对低的复杂度。      

基于压缩感知的信号重构研究

按照Nyquist采样定理,信号的采样率必须为信号最高频率的2倍以上,这会产生大量的冗余数据。压缩感知是一种新兴的采样理论,对于可以稀疏表示的信号,它能够以远低于Nyquist采样速率对信号进行采样,并通过优化算法实现重构。介绍了压缩感知的基本理论,并分别选取时域稀疏、频域稀疏和图像信号进行了仿真分析,实验结果显示,压缩感知理论能较好的重构原始信号。     

基于压缩感知的定位新型UWB信号抽样方法

Ultra-wide-band (UWB) signals are suitable for localization, since their high time resolution can provide precise time of arrival (TOA) estimation. However, one major challenge in UWB signal processing is the requirement of high sampling rate which leads to complicated signal processing and expensive hardware. In this paper, we present a novel UWB signal sampling method called UWB signal sampling via temporal sparsity (USSTS). Its sampling rate is much lower than Nyquist rate. Moreover, it is implemented in one step and no extra processing unit is needed. Simulation results show that USSTS can not recover the signal precisely, but for the use in localization, the accuracy of TOA estimation is the same as that in traditional methods. Therefore, USSTS gives a novel and effective solution for the use of UWB signals in localization.     

CS与GPR联合反演目标成像

压缩传感(CS)理论是在已知信号具有稀疏性或可压缩性的条件下对信号数据进行采集、编解码的新理论。压缩传感采用非自适应线性投影来保持信号的原始结构,能通过数值最优化问题准确重构原始信号。压缩传感以远低于奈奎斯特频率进行采样,在高分辨压缩成像系统、视频图像采集系统、雷达成像以及MRI医疗成像等领域有着广阔的应用前景。阐述了压缩传感理论框架以及信号稀疏表示、CS编解码模型,并进行了压缩传感与探地雷达联合反演目标成像。反演结果表明,随机孔径压缩传感成像算法比递归反向投影算法和最小二乘法所需数据量少,成像效果好,目标旁瓣小,对噪声的鲁棒性更好。     

用于压缩感知的二值化测量矩阵

压缩感知是近年新兴的一种信号处理理论,在一定条件满足的情况下,压缩感知方法可通过远低于 Nyquist 频率的降采样数据以高概率近乎完美地重建原始信号。测量矩阵在压缩感知的整个处理过程中起着非常重 要的作用。本文从恢复算法入手提出二值化测量矩阵,并通过仿真对其性能加以验证。二值化后测量矩阵不仅在 性能上有一定提升,更重要的是可大大降低测量矩阵所需的存储空间以及压缩感知采样、恢复过程的运算量。     

基于光谱稀疏模型的高光谱压缩感知重构

提出了一种基于光谱稀疏化的压缩感知采样与重构模型,通过从训练样本中构建光谱稀疏字典提升光谱稀疏化效果,同时在重构时兼顾空间图像的全变分约束进一步提升重构精度.对200波段AVIRIS高光谱场景进行压缩感知重构的实验表明,利用构建的光谱稀疏字典与传统的DCT字典和Haar小波字典相比光谱稀疏化效果明显提升,同时在25%采样下基于光谱稀疏字典几乎无差别重构出了高光谱图像,同样条件下在空间和光谱的精度与现有常用方法相比有较大的提升.     

差分调制信号亚奈奎斯特率检测方法

压缩感知是一种基于亚奈奎斯特率的信息采样方法。基于压缩感知的符号检测方法通常先将亚奈奎斯特率样本重构为奈奎斯特率信号,然后再依据传统符号检测的原理检测接收符号。本文针对基于重构的压缩感知符号检测方法采样率过高的问题,研究广义似然比检测和信息采样样本之间的关系,提出了一种不需要重构奈奎斯特率信号的压缩检测方法。该方法首先通过双通道时延结构分离接收信号的参考部分和信息符号部分,然后依据两部分信号的稀疏相关特性,对亚奈奎斯特率接收符号进行检测。实验结果说明本文提出的方法能够有效地抵抗多径衰弱和符号间干扰（Inter Symbol Interference,ISI）。      

Sub‐Nyquist rate ADC sampling‐based compressive channel estimation

To realize high‐speed communication, broadband transmission has become an indispensable technique in the next‐generation wireless communication systems. Broadband channel is often characterized by the sparse multipath channel model, and significant taps are widely separated in time, and thereby, a large delay spread exists. Accurate channel state information is required for coherent detection. Traditionally, accurate channel estimation can be achieved by sampling the received signal with large delay spread by analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) at Nyquist rate and then estimate all of channel taps. However, as the transmission bandwidth increases, the demands of the Nyquist sampling rate already exceed the capabilities of current ADC. In addition, the high‐speed ADC is very expensive for ordinary wireless communication. In this paper, we present a novel receiver, which utilizes a sub‐Nyquist ADC that samples at much lower rate than the Nyquist one. On the basis of the sampling scheme, we propose a compressive channel estimation method using Dantzig selector algorithm. By comparing with the traditional least square channel estimation, our proposed method not only achieves robust channel estimation but also reduces the cost because low‐speed ADC is much cheaper than high‐speed one. Computer simulations confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The high resolution MIMO radar system based on minimizing the statistical coherence of compressed sensing matrix

Compressed Sensing (CS) theory is a great breakthrough of the traditional Nyquist sampling theory. It can accomplish compressive sampling and signal recovery based on the sparsity of interested signal, the randomness of measurement matrix and nonlinear optimization method of signal recovery. Firstly, the CS principle is reviewed. Then the ambiguity function of Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) radar is deduced. After that, combined with CS theory, the ambiguity function of MIMO radar is analyzed and simulated in detail. At last, the resolutions of coherent and non-coherent MIMO radars on the CS theory are discussed. Simulation results show that the coherent MIMO radar has better resolution performance than the non-coherent. But the coherent ambiguity function has higher side lobes, which caused a deterioration in radar target detection performances. The stochastic embattling method of sparse array based on minimizing the statistical coherence of sensing matrix is proposed. And simulation results show that it could effectively suppress side lobes of the ambiguity function and improve the capability of weak target detection.     

压缩感知雷达成像技术综述

压缩感知理论突破了传统Nyquist采样定理的限制,它基于信号的稀疏性、测量矩阵的随机性和非线性优化算法完成对信号的压缩采样和重构。这种全新的信号处理理论为克服传统雷达固有缺陷,解决传统高分辨雷达面临的高采样率、大数据量和实时处理困难等问题提供了可能。本文概述了压缩感知基本理论,详细讨论了基于压缩感知的雷达成像技术,对压缩感知在高分辨雷达成像领域中的研究现状进行了归纳和分析,应用对象包括SAR/ISAR、穿墙雷达、MIMO雷达、探地雷达等,充分体现了压缩感知在简化雷达硬件设计、弥补雷达数据缺陷、改善雷达成像质量等方面的巨大潜力,明确了研究中存在的问题,阐述了有待进一步研究的方向,并总结了压缩感知用于雷达成像的优势和缺陷。      

压缩采样中模拟信息转换器的性能仿真

受奈李斯特采样定理的约束,传统通信设备在提高分辨率和满足实时性要求时,面临高采样率、快处理速度等问题的挑战.而根据压缩采样(Compressive Sensing,CS)理论构建的模拟信息转换器(Analog to Information Converter,AIC)只需进行远低于奈奎斯特采样率采样信号,即可实现对原信...     

多重测量矢量模型下的稀疏步进频率SAR成像算法

基于压缩感知(Compressed Sensing, CS)的合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像算法可以用低于Nyquist采样率的采样数据完成稀疏目标高分辨成像。然而已有的算法在重构1维距离像时采用的大都是单重测量矢量(Single Measurement Vectors, SMV)模型,存在着重构耗时长、受噪声干扰大的缺点。该文从压缩感知的多重测量矢量(Multiple Measurement Vectors, MMV)模型出发,利用多重测量矢量恢复具有相同稀疏结构的联合稀疏目标信号源,从理论与实验角度分析了基于MMV模型的SAR 1维距离像成像性能,提出了一种距离向基于MMV模型,方位向基于SMV模型的2维SAR成像算法。该算法从耗时上、重构精度上均优于SMV模型下的CS成像算法。通过对仿真数据和地基雷达实测数据的处理,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于贝叶斯压缩感知UWB单站定位方法

脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)能够在无线定位中取得较高的精确度,但是存在ADC瓶颈问题,利用压缩感知理论(CS)对信号压缩采样可以显著降低信号采样速率。本文将贝叶斯压缩感知应用于UWB单站定位,接收节点利用L型天线阵列接收信号,对信号压缩采样,由贝叶斯压缩感知重构算法(BCS)还原信号并估计时延参数,最后由定位算法解算位置信息。基于IEEE 802.15.4a信号模型的仿真结果表明,该方法最低能以20%的奈奎斯特采样速率获得分米级的定位精确度。     

Generalized compressive detection of stochastic signals using Neyman–Pearson theorem

Compressive sensing (CS) enables reconstructing a sparse signal from fewer samples than those required by the classic Nyquist sampling theorem. In general, CS signal recovery algorithms have high computational complexity. However, several signal processing problems such as signal detection and classification can be tackled directly in the compressive measurement domain. This makes recovering the original signal from its compressive measurements not necessary in these applications. We consider in this paper detecting stochastic signals with known probability density function from their compressive measurements. We refer to it as the compressive detection problem to highlight that the detection task can be achieved via directly exploring the compressive measurements. The Neyman–Pearson (NP) theorem is applied to derive the NP detectors for Gaussian and non-Gaussian signals. Our work is more general over many existing literature in the sense that we do not require the orthonormality of the measurement matrix, and the compressive detection problem for stochastic signals is generalized from the case of Gaussian signals to the case of non-Gaussian signals. Theoretical performance results of the proposed NP detectors in terms of their detection probability and the false alarm rate averaged over the random measurement matrix are established. They are verified via extensive computer simulations.