服装压力测试方法的探讨

分析了服装压力产生的原因和3个方面影响因素,包括人体的生理、心理和服装本身,阐述了利用主观评价法和客观评价法测试服装压力的方法和原理.重点介绍了虚拟仪器测量技术的发展现状以及软体假人在压力测试方面的应用,并探讨了服装压力测试技术的发展趋势.     

服装压力舒适性研究分析

介绍了服装压力舒适性的研究历史及现状,总结了服装压力对人体皮肤温度、体核温度、皮肤血流量、出汗量、心率、血压、唾液分泌、呼吸、肺活量等生理指标的影响,服装压对人体积极和消极的影响,服装压产生原因以及服装压力舒适性的主观和客观评价方法。     

服装压力测试方法的研究进展

服装压力是指人体穿着服装所受到的压力,其形成可归结为3个方面:服装重量形成的压力、服装横向束缚形成的压力和运动时与服装接触而产生的压力.合适的服装压力对人体塑形、运动防护及烧伤病人治疗恢复都有积极的作用,然而过高的压力也会对人体生理健康产生很多负面影响,因此关于服装压的研究测试是服装舒适性研究中的一个重要课题.     

应用于健康领域的着装压力研究进展

主要从客观服装压力测试方法、服装压力分布数字化模拟及生物力学模型以及软体假人等3方面介绍了着装压力分布在国内外的研究进展,结合着装压力对人体生理方面影响和在辅助医疗方面的现有应用,分析了着装压力分布在人体健康领域中的应用特性和价值,从服装压力测试系统和服装压力分布预测系统两方面预测了未来的发展方向。     

基于安全着装的服装压测试技术及其评价研究进展

介绍服装压的基本概念,阐述国内外对服装压测试技术的研究进展,指出服装压的研究主要集中在服装压的定义、影响因素及分布和服装压的主客观评价及二者之间的关系。分析评价了服装压感的主观评价方法和客观测试技术,结果表明:主观测试及评价技术的影响因素很多,测试结果精度不够高。为能定量测试出服装压强与人体舒适性的关系,需结合应用神经网络、遗传算法等客观测试技术的深入研究,这指明了服装压测试技术的未来研究方向和发展趋势。     

服装压力分布及预测的研究与进展

服装压力是评价服装舒适性的重要指标。从影响服装压力分布的因素入手,总结了目前服装压力分布及预测的主要研究方法,阐述现有服装压力研究的优缺点,指出服装性能与人体机能的有机结合、三维人体模型的完善以及人体和服装动态接触压力预测系统的建立是压力研究的发展趋势。并提出现有的服装压力预测模型由于其计算量大,离实际应用还有一段距离。如何建立有效的服装压力分布预测模型,将理论模型与实际生产有机结合起来,降低成本,提高效率是进一步研究服装压力的发展方向。     

服装压对人体影响的研究现状与前景

为了更好地利用服装压,从服装压的功与过角度对前人的研究成果进行了较为系统的归纳与总结,阐述了服装压在治疗烧伤疤痕、防治静脉曲张和静脉血栓以及运动防护中的积极作用;同时论述了由于服装的重量压和束缚压使人体产生生理机能紊乱、增加人体负荷以及影响儿童发育等各种消极影响.分析了影响服装压的主要因素,并指出服装压研究领域的发展趋势.     

服装压力对男子骑行运动中肌肉疲劳的影响

为研究骑行运动中骑行裤产生的服装压力对人体肌肉疲劳的影响,以11名骑行爱好者为实验对象,受试者穿着不同号型样衣,借助服装压力测试系统和全无线表面肌电测试系统,分别采集在骑行过程中穿着不同程度紧身骑行裤下肢主要肌肉部位的服装压力值和表面肌电信号,对主观体力感觉等级(RPE)值和客观时域指标均方根振幅(RMS)、频域指标的中位频率(MF)进行相关性分析,对服装压力和肌电指标进行方差分析。结果表明:表面肌电时域指标RMS和频域指标MF与受试者主观疲劳感有一定的相关性,且2个指标的相关性有差异;RMS、MF均可作为生物力学角度评价肌肉疲劳的重要指标;高服装压力可减少肌肉能量损耗,对肌肉疲劳有一定的缓解作用,尤其在骑行运动中后期较为明显;服装压力对不同部位肌肉的影响存在差异,对大腿外侧和内侧的肌肉影响较为明显,对臀大肌无明显影响。     

滑雪压缩裤局部压力对男子下肢疲劳的影响

探究滑雪压缩裤局部压力对下肢发力部位肌肉疲劳的影响,筛选5名有滑雪经历的18～25岁健康男性为试验对象,利用服装压力测试仪和表面肌电测试系统,分别采集不同压力着装条件下滑雪时目标肌肉位置压力、表面肌电信号和主观疲劳指标。研究表明：频域指标MF的斜率值可作为客观评价指标对局部肌肉疲劳进行表征;整体高压着装下,局部服装压对滑雪运动中疲劳客观指标有显著影响;滑雪裤局部压力对下肢肌肉疲劳具有正向延缓作用,作用效果因位置不同存在差异,臀大肌效果最显著,大腿肌群效果优于小腿肌群。该研究对优化滑雪裤压力分区、提高国内滑雪服装研发水平具有一定参考意义。     

服装压对人体影响的研究现状与前景

 为了更好地利用服装的压感舒,从服装压的功与过角度对前人的研究成果进行了较为系统的归纳与总结,阐述了服装压在治疗烧伤疤痕、防治静脉曲张和静脉血栓以及运动防护中的积极应用;同时论述了由于服装的重量压和束缚压使人体产生生理机能紊乱、增加人体负荷以及影响儿童发育等各种消极影响。分析了影响服装压的主要因素,并指出服装压研究领域的发展趋势。     

一种新的食品加工技术-超高压技术

食品加工技术从一定意义上是从属于其他技术的发展而前进的,食品加工是从有菌到无菌进而提高保质期的过程,超高压技术是按期出现的实现这一过程一种新方法,另一方面,超技术与其他新技术（如双轴挤压技术、膜分离技术、电磁波利用技术等）二起可掀起一场食品加工业革命式的变革。     

Influence of mouth rinse use on the enterosalivary pathway and blood pressure regulation: A systematic review

Abstract

The enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway results in systemic generation of NO from dietary inorganic nitrate to promote vasodilation and blood pressure regulation. Commensal bacteria in the oral cavity with nitrate-reducing properties underpin the efficiency of this pathway, as they facilitate the reduction of nitrate to nitrite—a critical activation step preceding NO formation. However, common antibacterial mouth rinses rid the oral cavity of these bacteria and, thus, may have local and systemic consequences. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between mouth rinse use and salivary or plasma nitrates/nitrites, as well as blood pressure. A systematic review was conducted utilizing PubMed and EBSCOhost databases to identify publications evaluating mouth rinse use on salivary and/or plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations and blood pressure. In addition to inclusion of the aforementioned outcome measures, studies must have been published in scholarly, peer-reviewed journals. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by the Authors with tools created by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Methods were registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42019125081). Eight studies were identified for critical appraisal, including 5 human crossover studies and 3 animal studies with controls, published between 2009 and 2016. All human studies and two of the three animal studies revealed deleterious effects of an antibacterial mouth rinse on at least one of the outcome measures. For example, in human studies comparing antibacterial mouth rinses to control, 5 of 5 studies and 3 of 5 studies reported reduced salivary and plasma nitrite concentrations, respectively, and 4 of 5 studies observed increased blood pressure. Likewise, 2 of 3 animal studies reported reduced plasma nitrite compared to control as well as increased blood pressure. Differential effects on outcome measures were noted in mouth rinses of varying strengths and compositions. Results suggest that the utilization of an antibacterial mouth rinse negatively alters concentrations of salivary and plasma nitrate/nitrite with a concomitant rise in blood pressure. Acknowledging the rising prevalence of hypertension, future research is warranted to develop functional mouth rinses that support oral and cardiovascular health, as well as nutrition interventions to optimize the enterosalivary pathway for blood pressure regulation.     

Dietary flavonoids: effects on endothelial function and blood pressure

Several population studies have found an inverse association between flavonoid intake and risk of cardiovascular disease. These studies have resulted in the hypothesis that dietary flavonoids protect against cardiovascular disease. Many in vitro studies, studies using animal models and human intervention trials have been carried out to investigate how flavonoids might provide protection. Emerging and largely consistent evidence suggests that flavonoids can improve endothelial function and may reduce blood pressure. In vitro studies show that a variety of flavonoids cause vasorelaxation of isolated arteries from rats. In human intervention trials, flavonoids derived from tea and cocoa or dark chocolate—both rich sources of catechins—have been found to improve endothelial function acutely and with regular ingestion. The evidence for benefits of flavonoids from other dietary sources is less clear. Improvements in endothelial function could contribute to lower blood pressure. Population studies have associated higher intake of tea and chocolate with lower blood pressure. Short‐term intervention studies in humans have shown blood pressure lowering with cocoa or dark chocolate, but short‐term regular ingestion of tea has not been found to lower blood pressure. The long‐term effects of regular ingestion of a flavonoid‐enriched diet on endothelial function and blood pressure have yet to be assessed. In addition, there is evidence that flavonoid metabolism is an important factor influencing the biological activity and effects of dietary flavonoids, but further studies are needed to investigate this area. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ploidy changes and genome stability in yeast

Eukaryotic organisms maintain karyotypes with constant chromosome number, but polyploid cells that contain more than two sets of chromosomes can frequently be found. On the one hand, polyploidization is likely to provide some beneficial effects, as naturally occurring polyploid cells can be readily found. On the other hand, polyploidization profoundly affects cell physiology, which may be detrimental to cells. Additionally, polyploidy leads often to aneuploidy and diversification of genetic information; therefore, it has always been considered a prominent driving force in evolution. Recently tetraploid‐derived aneuploidy was suggested as a possible mechanism for resistance to fungicides. Another prominent example of the effects of tetraploid‐derived aneuploidy is cancer, in which up to one‐third of tumours likely originate through tetraploid intermediates. Studying the cellular consequences of polyploidization in human cells is challenging. In contrast, polyploid and aneuploid cells can be easily generated and analysed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as in other yeast species. This, together with the naturally occurring yeast polyploids and aneuploids, provides a valuable model to study the effects of abnormal chromosome numbers on cellular physiology. Thus, the yeast model may provide novel insights into the general mechanisms of genomic instability in eukaryotes and improve our understanding of the consequences of ploidy changes and their relevance for disease. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水产品油脂的研究进展

水产品油脂中含有大量有益于人类健康的药用活性成分,具有降血脂、降血压、抗癌等多种独特功能。目前水产品油脂的研究大多集中在鱼类油脂的开发上,而对其他水产品油脂的研究相对较少。为此,立足于国内外水产品油脂的研究成果,对水产品油脂的研究开发做一个简要的阐述,以适应开发利用海洋资源特别是水产油脂资源的迫切要求。     

颈部服装压对人体颈动脉窦生理的影响

为研究人体颈部服装压对颈动脉窦生理的影响,选取15名青年女性为实验对象,测量其穿着不同领宽的针织高领衫时的服装压值.通过台阶实验,对人体在静止-运动-静止过程中心率和血压的变化进行客观评价.研究认为:服装压与心率、血压存在相关性,各项生理指标在颈部受压超过1.2kPa时呈明显下降趋势,运动状态受压对心血管系统造成的负面...     

切纸机主要载荷抗压力的测试研究

利用电阻应变法对普通切纸机的主要载荷抗压力进行测试，并分析了纸张宽度、品种、纸张高度、裁刀角度、裁刀下落方式及压纸器结构形式等因素对抗压力的影响     

高食盐摄入对人体健康的影响

高盐摄入是影响饮食最主要的风险因素,高钾膳食可以防止高血压和心血管疾病的发生,减盐计划具有很高的成本效益,所以世界各国都应实施或加快实施。因此这篇综述提供了盐与血压、其潜在的生理机制及心血管疾病相关的健康证据,并且我们简要介绍一下减盐行动所带来的成本效益分析及世界各地在减盐行动中发挥的作用。     

Quality changes during the frozen storage of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle after pressure shift freezing and pressure assisted thawing

Quality of frozen sea bass muscle stored (1, 3 and 5 months) at two levels of temperature (−15 and −25 °C) after a pressure shift freezing process (200 MPa) — PSF — and/or a pressure assisted thawing process (200 MPa) — PAT — was evaluated in comparison with samples frozen and thawed using conventional methods (air-blast AF and AT, respectively). Frozen storage of high-pressure treated samples did not significantly affect initial quality of frozen muscle. Thus, parameters related to protein denaturation and extractability, water holding capacity and color presented similar values than those obtained for not stored samples. In addition, the improvement of the microstructure achieved by PSF application remains unchanged during frozen storage. On the other hand, conventional treated samples experienced significant changes during frozen storage, such as protein denaturation, and water holding capacity and color modifications. Storage temperatures did not have influence in the quality of PSF and PAT samples, but it showed some effects in AF muscle.Industrial relevance: This work demonstrates the potential application and benefits of high pressure (HP) in the freezing and thawing of fish meat in comparison to conventional methods, due to an improvement on the cellular integrity of the tissue. Although some negative effects are produced during processing with HP, no additional modifications occur during the frozen storage. The studied methodologies seemed to be very suitable for fish freezing and thawing, especially for products which will be frozen stored and/or cooked.