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以某水库工程为例,通过室内土工试验及静力触探的方法,对水库淤泥土工程地质特性进行了研究,为淤泥软土地基处理方法选取提供了依据。 相似文献
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柘溪水库淤泥淤积量极大,不但缺乏利用,还淤积成灾。该文结合实际情况,对柘溪水库淤泥利用进行可行性分析,提出应用淤泥烧制砖瓦、农林施肥及其他可能实施的方案,并对开发利用中可能遇到的问题给出了大致的解决方案。 相似文献
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《人民黄河》2021,43(6)
水库淤积导致有效库容减小,同时淤泥中的污染物不断释放到水体,使得水库水质变差,因此有必要对水库进行清淤。针对如何有效预防水库清淤过程中因底泥扰动而导致的水体二次污染、淤泥干化(固化)和合理利用、清淤污泥余水净化处理等关键问题,以通济桥水库为例,通过清淤设备选择、清淤施工工艺、淤泥资源化利用、施工期水体环境保护措施、施工期水质监测等方面的研究与实践,提出深水型环保绞吸式挖泥船开挖淤泥等水库生态清淤技术措施、生态清淤施工要点、淤泥资源化利用途径、清淤污泥余水净化处理及水域浊水拦截等施工期水体环境保护措施等。实践表明:这些措施的实施,能有效减少底泥扰动对水环境的影响,较好地解决了淤泥的资源化利用和清淤污泥余水净化处理问题,达到了生态清淤的目的。 相似文献
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在室内试验研究的基础上,以兴宁合水水库淤泥为原料,以兴宁煤矿煤矸石为添加剂,按质量比淤泥∶煤矸石=2∶1进行配料,采用齐兴旺砖厂(即原氮肥厂)的设备和工艺,进行水库淤泥烧制中试试验,原料工艺性能良好,成品性能达到国家标准MU20级的要求,中试成功. 相似文献
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刘佳王立华陈理达 《广东水利电力职业技术学院学报》2013,(1):62-63
水库淤泥中重金属的二次污染是制约其资源化利用的关键问题。研究表明,经过烧制后,水库淤泥中重金属形态发生转化,提高了水库淤泥烧制产品中重金属的稳定性,重金属不易溶出,且溶出量微少,避免了二次污染的产生。 相似文献
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对BS水库多年淤积物进行处理,以扩大该水库的库容量,实现该水库防洪、灌溉等设计功能。根据水库淤积现状及清淤治理准则,提出清淤治理方案:部分放置库区上游顺53.85 m高程线以南堆放、部分以人工岛方式堆放在库区、部分土方可作为附近国道建设的路基材料、部分淤泥可作为本库区建设用材;开挖淤泥处置方式:淤泥堆放在坝后,堆放宽度控制在250 m,长度控制在16 km,淤泥水分蒸发沥干后用于库区及当地建设材料。从兴利调节效果、洪水调节两个方面来治理效果,结果表明水库清淤扩容后运营效果良好,可实现防洪与灌溉设计标准。 相似文献
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Alfred M. Beeton 《Journal of Great Lakes research》1984,10(2):106-113
Most of the large lakes lie in glacial scour basins in the northern hemisphere. These lakes are closely similar in physicochemical characteristics and in their biota. Most of the other large lakes are tectonic in origin and they differ greatly among themselves and from other lakes since they occur in a diversity of terrestrial environments under a broad range of climatic conditions. Large lakes have a great diversity of habitats resulting in great species diversity and endemism in ancient lakes. The pronounced horizontal gradients in physicochemical conditions in large lakes contribute to the diversity of habitats. Conditions found in Lakes Michigan and Skadar are examples. 相似文献
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青岛棘洪滩水库氮磷营养盐分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据棘洪滩水库2000—2009年水质监测数据,分析该水库水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及叶绿素(Ch-l a)等水质指标的变化情况,并进行富营养化评价。结果表明:TN质量浓度超出地表水Ⅴ类标准,TP质量浓度满足地表水Ⅱ类标准,ρ(TN)/ρ(TP)值为80.6~246.2,水库属于磷(P)限制型。TN质量浓度冬季、春季较高,夏季、秋季逐渐降低;TP、Ch-la质量浓度在夏末和秋季较高,春季和冬季较低。水库营养盐主要来源是引水,水库水质2000—2009年近10年的营养程度均为中营养。 相似文献
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Aija Kosk 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2001,6(3):231-235
Lake Peipsi is the fourth largest lake in Europe and the largest international lake in Europe. Lake Peipsi is shallow, eutrophic, biologically very productive and is bordered by many wetland areas along its coasts. Large peat deposits in the Lake Peipsi basin are protected under national legislation. The lake is most important as a resource for recreation and fisheries. The fish stock in Lake Peipsi is one of the richest in Europe. The most critical environmental issues for the Peipsi watershed are eutrophication and unregulated fishing in the lake. During the Soviet period, large collective farms dramatically accelerated eutrophication. Despite the drop in fertilizer use during the last 10 years and a decrease in the number of domestic animals in the watershed, the impact of the earlier agricultural pollution is still significant. Untreated sewage has also been dumped in the Narva River tributary as a result of an international dispute concerning water supply and wastewater treatment. People living in the Lake Peipsi region have faced traumatic changes as a result of the re‐establishment of the border between Russia and Estonia in 1992. The establishment of an international border on the waters of the lake has resulted in fishermen losing access to many of their traditional fishing areas. Political and economic transformations of the last 10 years have seriously interrupted information exchange between different institutions and organizations concerned with the health of the lake. The Centre for Transboundary Cooperation facilitates international communication and cooperation between the Estonian and Russian governments and promotes public participation in environmental, social and economic development and decision‐making. The centre is in the process of guiding the development of a watershed management plan for the Lake Peipsi watershed and a vision for watershed development that is truly sustainable. 相似文献
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主要研究了东亚冬、夏季风不同长度的年代际振荡特点及其对夏季百太平洋副高和贵州降水的影响。分析表明:冬季风与赤道东太平洋海温存在着大体一致的约30年左右年代际振荡,70年代末发生突变;夏季风与青藏高原位势高度存在着大体一致的约20年左右的年代际振荡,60年代末和80年代末发生突变。由于冬、夏季风不同长度的年代际振荡,它们同位相增阶段夏季西太平洋副高位置容易偏北,贵州降水偏少;它们同位相减弱阶段夏季西太平洋副高易偏南,贵州降水偏多;但它们反位相组合时夏季西太平洋副高位置偏北、偏南的机会及贵州降水偏少、偏多几乎均等。 相似文献
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Abstract There is increasing recognition of the problems facing China in meeting the growing water demand in the Yellow River basin, the “cradle of Chinese Civilization” and a critically important agricultural and industrial region. Meaningful debate on the range and relative costs of options available to policy-makers in addressing the problem depend fundamentally on an accurate understanding of basin water resources. Unfortunately, the ability of outsiders to participate in the de bate and for Chinese, with their long history of water management, to contribute to similar discussions elsewhere in the world is hindered to some extent by a lack of understanding of differences in water accounting systems and concepts. This paper attempts to address this problem by describing the water accounting system used in the Yellow River basin and elsewhere in China. The paper shows that the primary difference between water accounting methodologies in the Yellow River and those typically applied elsewhere is related to supply accounting in general and groundwater accounting in particular. Although not currently included in its water accounting system, Chinese concepts of environmental water use, when included, will also differ substantially from those familiar to outside researchers. In terms of actual Yellow River balances, the paper highlights the apparent declining trend in basin rainfall and runoff and the dramatic growth in industrial and domestic water use. Together declining supply and rising demand will increasingly cause policy-makers to face hard choices in assessing their water planning options. These choices will only become more difficult as managers in the Yellow River, as elsewhere in the world, try to incorporate ecological needs in the water accounting equation. 相似文献
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以苏北平原河网区的盐城市射阳县某个典型圩区(面积12.73km2)为例,通过连续15个月对圩区内沟渠河流水体采样分析,研究苏北平原河网区中小河流地表水氮磷赋存特征。结果表明:研究区域中小河流水体氮磷超标严重,水体处于富营养化状态。所有水样品总氮质量浓度均超过GB 3838—2002《地表水Ⅲ类水质标准》(ρ=1.0 mg/L),79%的总氮质量浓度超过Ⅴ类水质标准(ρ=2.0 mg/L);73%的总磷质量浓度超过Ⅲ类水体标准(ρ=0.2 mg/L),39%的样品超过Ⅴ类水质标准。地表水氮素和磷素主要以溶解态形式存在;硝态氮是溶解态总氮主要赋存形态,相应的比例约为60%,铵态氮比例最少,约为10%;溶解态活性磷是溶解态磷素主要赋存形态,约为80%。畜禽养殖相对集中区域地表水氮素和磷素浓度高于其他区域;中沟、干渠等小型河流水体在夏季存在水质分层现象。 相似文献
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为了评价“退耕还林(草)”等生态工程实施以来陕西省不同地貌类型区的植被覆盖变化,基于2000—2017年MODIS数据,采用像元二分模型估算了陕西省植被覆盖度,研究了不同地貌分区植被覆盖度时空变化及其影响因素。结果表明:①18 a来,陕西省植被覆盖度整体呈增加趋势,其中风沙过渡区、黄土高原区增加幅度较大,秦岭山地、汉江盆地与大巴山地增幅较小,关中平原则呈减少趋势。②全省38.88%的区域植被显著改善, 8.49%的区域植被显著退化,黄土高原区为主要改善区,关中平原区及其它地貌类型区的城市周围植被退化。③降水与气温对植被覆盖的影响存在空间差异,黄土高原区植被覆盖度与降水和气温分别以正相关和负相关为主,秦巴山地高海拔地区则均以负相关为主。④相对于地势低缓区域,地势高陡区域植被覆盖度更高,阴坡植被覆盖度较其它坡向高。研究结果将为陕西省生态环境保护分区实施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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干旱是造成喀斯特地区损失最为严重的自然灾害之一。以我国西南喀斯特集中分布区域为研究区,基于研究区33个气象站1960-2016年的逐日降水数据,利用PA指数和Mann-Kendall检验方法分析了1960-2016年干旱时空分布特征。结果表明:研究区降雨量有减少趋势,PA指数呈减小趋势,干旱呈增强趋势,2011年PA均值最小;研究区各季干旱强度均呈上升趋势,且冬旱强度最强、发生干旱年份最多,秋旱次之,春旱和夏旱强度较弱、发生干旱的年份较少;年际干旱频次高发区集中于研究区南部、西北部及中东部地区;仅秋、冬季西部和东南部部分地区出现特旱且频次低,秋、冬季发生重旱、中旱和轻旱的频次高,春、夏季较低;春季干旱频次西高东低,夏季中部高,秋季南高北低,冬季西高东低;干旱与地形因子显著相关,重、特旱易发生在高陡地区。综上所述,研究区干旱有增强趋势且秋、冬季趋势较强,空间上呈现明显的季节性和区域性,且与地形因子显著相关。 相似文献