Environmental Management of Urban Construction Projects in China

This paper presents a systematic approach to environmental management of pollution and∕or hazards caused by urban construction projects in China. It proposes a qualitative approach to assess and control the problem and a method to calculate the construction pollution index (CPI), which provides a quantitative measurement of pollution and∕or hazards caused by the urban construction projects. Based on the analysis and discussions, the paper further proposes that major construction companies in China should obtain ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) certifications. By doing so, the construction companies can integrate the concept of environmental management into their construction management practice.     

建设项目环境影响评价中有关问题的探讨

环评对国家的经济建设和环境保护起到了保驾护航的作用，但在针对性、实用性和可操作性方面仍存在着一些不足。该文就此有关问题进行探讨。     

建设项目环境影响评价中存在的问题与对策探讨

我国建设项目的环境影响评价工作，对国民经济的健康持续稳定发展和保护生态自然环境均起到了重要的作用，但也相继暴露了一些问题或不足，如工程分析粗糙，报告书质量不高，评价缺乏针对性和实用性等。本文对此进行了分析，并就其解决对策进行了探讨。     

Risk-Based Safety Impact Assessment Methodology for Underground Construction Projects in Korea

Safety of construction projects may be affected by various factors such as types and scale of projects, construction methods, safety management procedure, climate, site conditions, etc. Among them is the quality of design in relation to safety. Presently, however, designers typically are not involved in construction safety. They are often uncertain of their responsibilities in relation to construction safety and fail to be responsible for avoiding or reducing safety-related risks. In this study, the concept of safety impact assessment to achieve “design-for-safety” in the design phase is introduced. For this purpose, a safety impact assessment model was devised, and a methodology using the risk-based safety impact assessment approach for open-cut type underground construction projects in Korea is suggested. The suggested methodology includes a safety information survey, classification of safety impact factors caused by design and construction, and quantitative estimation of magnitude and frequency of safety impact factors. A checklist which can be easily used for assessing the safety performance of design products is also proposed. A real-world case study on the safety impact assessment of a subway construction project in Korea is also provided in the paper.     

Impact of Government and Corporate Strategy on the Performance of Technology Projects in Road Construction

In this study, we focus on road construction and analyze technology development projects. Based on the business strategy literature and literature on technology policy, we test the relative importance of a firm’s strategies and government as a buyer and champion. Our empirical findings stress the value of government championing behavior. Our results show that in road construction, championing behavior is more important than public technology procurement for project performance. The results even suggest that government championship is more important than a firm’s strategic orientation.     

Partnering on Small Construction Projects

Application of partnering concepts on small construction projects by owners or government functionaries could result in substantial savings for private owners and public exchequers annually. This paper develops a concept for partnering for small construction projects based on recent management research and theories being developed in universities with the lessons learned from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers experiences on partnering for large projects. The discussion addresses current attitudes toward partnering, particularly, in small (i.e., up to $3,000,000) private or government sponsored projects. An objective of this paper is to share the benefits of partnering on small construction projects, based on practices and experiences of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A final objective is to develop a primer for construction practitioners.     

环评中的社会影响评价研究

社会是环境的重要要素之一,环境影响评价应包括社会影响的内容,文章论述了社会影响评价的概念、重要意义、产生与发展的历程,对我国环评中社会影响评价的现状进行了分析,并对我国如何开展社会影响评价提出了建议。     

Impact of Change Orders on Small Labor-Intensive Projects

In today’s construction, small projects can be just as important if not more important than the larger projects. However, small projects are usually fast track projects, which often involve overlapping design and construction time. Subsequent modifications may be required for the sections that are already under construction. These disruptions to the ongoing project are labeled as change orders. The impact due to changes has been described as the adverse effect upon the unchanged work due to changes in the contract. For this study, 34 projects were selected to develop a statistical model that estimates the amount of labor efficiency lost due to change orders for small projects. The variables in the final model are percent design related changes, percent owner initiated changes, the ratio of actual peak labor to estimated peak labor, the ratio of actual project duration to estimated project duration, and project manager’s percent time on the project. The results of this paper are of value to owners, electrical and mechanical contractors, and construction managers. The model quantifies the impact of change orders by introducing the most important variables that bring the largest disruptions.     

Safety Hazard Identification on Construction Projects

Hazard identification is fundamental to construction safety management; unidentified hazards present the most unmanageable risks. This paper presents an investigation indicating the current levels of hazard identification on three U.K. construction projects. A maximum of only 6.7% of the method statements analyzed on these projects managed to identify all of the hazards that should have been identified, based upon current knowledge. Maximum hazard identification levels were found to be 0.899 (89.9%) for a construction project within the nuclear industry, 0.728 (72.8%) for a project within the railway industry, and 0.665 (66.5%) for a project within both the railway and general construction industry sector. The results indicate that hazard identification levels are far from ideal. A discussion on the reasons for low hazard identification levels indicates key barriers. This leads to the presentation of an Information Technology (IT) tool for construction project safety management (Total-Safety) and, in particular, a module within Total-Safety designed to help construction personnel develop method statements with improved levels of hazard identification.     

浅谈建设项目环境影响后评价方法与工作程序

建设项目环境影响后评价,就是对建设项目实施后的环境影响及污染防范措施的有效性跟踪监测和验证性评价,并针对原环境影响评价存在的问题提出补救方案及改进措施。本文引用项目后评价理论论述了环境影响后评价的方法及工作程序、实现制约等,为环境管理和监督提供依据。     

浅谈建设项目环境影响后评价方法与工作程序(续)

3环境影响后评价的实现制约 3．1后评价的组织机构设置 建设项目环境影响后评价不是纯学术的科研行为或纯商业的合同行为,涉及政策、法规、制度及方方面面的利益,因此,后评价组织机构的设置汪。也不能简单地与项目技术、经济效益、社会效益、可持续性等后评价的组织机构组成相同。     

Option Coverage Techniques for Environmental Projects

Environmental firms are faced both with the prospect of liability claims that may arise long after activities at a project have been completed and the impact of catastrophic events that can severely threaten a firm’s financial resources. The inadequacy in most cases of site-specific data, the lack of scientific understanding of the complex processes’ interaction at a contamination event, and the limited cost-effective technological solutions that exist compound the problem. This condition has led many environmental firms to explore alternatives for risk management through the use of innovative insurance policies, training and selection of specialized staff for high-risk projects, careful screening of potential projects and customers, self-funded risk pools, partial involvement in projects as members of a consortium, and option payments. Payment of a one-time amount for the option to limit a firm’s maximum liability to a fixed amount has been used in many cases to facilitate financial transactions, mergers, and acquisitions and to set well-defined limits to future risks. This study focuses on the alternative of option payment as a method for managing risk. Two general methods to evaluate the maximum option amount are presented and illustrated with the use of a hypothetical numerical example. Consideration of an option alternative makes management teams sharply aware of future unknown remediation or liability costs and guides them in bracketing the range of these costs. Correspondingly, according to an environmental firm’s risk tolerance, limits can be set on future potential liabilities and optioning out of payment.     

广西北部湾桉树人工林建设的生态环境影响经济损益分析

按树人工林建设的规模和特点决定了它对生态环境的影响较大,这种影响有正效益和负效益两个方面.通过环境影响因子的筛选和环境影响的定量分析,对广西北部湾60万hm<'2>桉树人工林种植规划的生态环境影响效益和损失进行分析.评价结果显示,按树人工林建设环境效益为63.35×10<'8>元/a,环境损失为46.9×10<'8>元/a,环境效益的净现值为16.45 x 10<'8> 元/a,环境效益和环境成本的比值为1.35:1.表明广西北部湾桉树种植规划合理可行,可以实现生态、经济的可持续发展,为规划决策提供科学的依据.     

土地整理项目对土地质量的影响评价研究——以河南省长葛市土地整理项目为例

根据土地整理项目的特点,从微地形地貌、土壤、水分、景观因素等方面建立土地整理的土地质量指标体系,并以河南省长葛市土地整理项目区为对象,运用层次分析法确定指标的权重,构建综合评价模型评价了土地整理对土地质量的影响.     

工程建设项目的全过程造价控制

工程造价控制是建设管理的一个核心部分,它始终贯穿于工程建设的全过程。文章分析了工程造价的决策阶段、设计阶段、实施阶段、竣工结算阶段等,落实好造价控制和管理的各项措施,从而达到预期的费用控制目标,以取得较好的投资收益。     

长距离矿浆运输管道建设项目的环境影响评价

文章以某矿浆管道和供水管道工程为案例,分析管道工程建设和运营过程产生的主要环境污染影响及防治措施以及其与公路、铁路等传统运输方式相比的环境、经济优势性.