Editor's introduction.

This editorial explains the motivation behind the special issue of Psychotherapy. This special issue contains both invited articles and articles that were submitted. It also contains conceptual and empirical pieces about culture, race and ethnicity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guest editor's introduction.

The purpose of the "Quantitative Foundations of Counseling Psychology Research" special issue of the Journal of Counseling Psychology is to present a conceptual and, for the most part, nonmathematical presentation of quantitative methods that have potential as research tools in investigations of counseling-related phenomena and to discuss issues related to the use of these methods. My hope is that researchers reading each article will say to themselves, "I never realized how useful this method is, and I think it has tremendous potential to help me answer a research question for which I am having difficulty designing a study." For consumers of research, the articles provide a basis for understanding methods that are likely to be used in counseling psychology research in the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guess who's coming to therapy? Getting comfortable with conversations about race and ethnicity in psychotherapy.

Despite the fact that clinical psychology training programs now typically offer course work in multicultural issues, many professional psychologists may continue to feel unsure about how and when to incorporate multicultural awareness into their everyday clinical work. Having open discussions with clients regarding issues of race and ethnicity is one way to actively include a multicultural element into psychotherapy, as well as to strengthen the therapeutic alliance and promote better treatment outcome. The authors make several recommendations designed to provoke thought and stimulate conversation about race and ethnicity in the context of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guest editor's overview.

Editorial emphasizes the the degree to which the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 have relevance to psychologists in terms of their practice, research, and training. As mentioned by Robert Pollard in the preface to this special issue, this is one of two companion special issues on the ADA which are being published simultaneously by Rehabilitation Psychology and Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. In these issues, the significance of the ADA to psychologists in such areas as assessment, reasonable accommodation considerations with special populations, new consulting opportunities, and training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guest editor's foreword.

Editorial introduces the special issue as the inaugural project of the American Psychological Association's Division 22's Special Interest Section on Deafness (SISD). The articles compiled herein reflect the diversity of research psychologists' interests in the deafness field as well as the current focus that many have on mental health issues. These articles are briefly overviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guest editor's introduction: Current issues in the assessment of marital and family systems.

Introduces the articles appearing in this issue of the Journal of Family Psychology, (1989[Dec], Vol 3[2]). This special issue on marital and family assessment grew out of a symposium presented at the meeting of the Southwestern Society for Research on Human Development, held in New Orleans in March, 1988. Because many members of this interdisciplinary organization were exploring new approaches to understanding the family, the focus of the symposium was on several assessment-related issues facing both researchers and clinicians. Participants were selected because of their special expertise concerning designated substantive issues in family measurement. Each panel member was asked to discuss the issue from a conceptual vantage point and to illustrate the discussion with data from his or her research program. The conference papers served as the starting point for this volume; subsequently, papers were exchanged among subsets of symposium participants and were refined for inclusion in this special issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Racial and ethnic identity theory, measurement, and research in counseling psychology: Present status and future directions.

The present article integrates and expands on the special section contributions of K. O. Cokley (2007); J. E. Helms (2007); J. E. Trimble (2007); S. M. Quintana (2007); and J. S. Phinney and A. D. Ong (2007). The authors of the present article begin with a note on politics and ideology in writings on racial identity development and review general progress the field has made on the topics of racial and ethnic identity development. The present challenges in both explicating clear and concise theories of racial and ethnic identity development and operationalizing and measuring these constructs in paper-and-pencil form are identified. The need for interdisciplinary work on theory testing is highlighted, and select examples of best practices in measuring racial and ethnic identity are presented. The article closes with directions for research in racial and ethnic identity development, and with implications for counseling practice, supervision, and systemic change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Ethnicity and family therapy.

Reviews the book, Ethnicity and family therapy edited by Monica McGoldrick, Joe Giordano, and John Pearce (see record 1996-98534-000). This book addresses the subject of ethnicity and how it affects one's perceptions and lifestyle as a patient and a therapist. It offers therapists comprehensive tools and information to utilize when thinking about their own ethnicity and the backgrounds of their patients. The cultural histories and views of 19 different European groups and Latino, Asian, African, and Arab cultures are explored. In addition, population statistics are offered and cultural migration histories are explored. In sum, Ethnicity and Family Therapy explores how different cultures view and utilize psychotherapy. The reviewer found this book to be clearly written and well organized and recommends that therapists read this book and then keep it as a reference to explore ethnicity in a thorough manner. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pride, prejudice, and ambivalence: Toward a unified theory of race and ethnicity.

For more than a century, hundreds of psychologists have studied race and ethnicity. Yet this scholarship, like American culture at large, has been ambivalent, viewing race and ethnicity both as sources of pride, meaning, and motivation as well as sources of prejudice, discrimination, and inequality. Underlying this ambivalence is widespread confusion about what race and ethnicity are and why they matter. To address this ambivalence and confusion, as well as to deepen the American conversation about race and ethnicity, the article first examines the field's unclear definitions and faulty assumptions. It then offers an integrated definition of race and ethnicity--dynamic sets of historically derived and institutionalized ideas and practices--while noting that race, although often used interchangeably with ethnicity, indexes an asymmetry of power and privilege between groups. Further, it shows how psychology's model of people as fundamentally independent, self-determining entities impedes the field's--and the nation's--understanding of how race and ethnicity influence experience and how the still-prevalent belief that race and ethnicity are biological categories hinders a more complete understanding of these phenomena. Five first propositions of a unified theory of race and ethnicity are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychotherapy research with ethnic minorities: Empirical, ethical, and conceptual issues.

There is an increasing demand for psychotherapy among ethnic minority populations. Yet, there is not adequate evidence that empirically supported therapies (ESTs) are effective with ethnic minorities. Ethical guidelines suggest that psychotherapies be modified to become culturally appropriate for ethnic minority persons. Conceptual approaches have identified interdependence, spirituality, and discrimination as considerations for culturally sensitive therapy (CST). However, there is no more empirical support for the efficacy of CSTs than there is for the efficacy of ESTs with ethnic minority populations. The chasm between EST and CST research is a function of differences between methods and researchers in these 2 traditions. Specific recommendations for research collaboration between CST and EST researchers are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guest editors' introduction.

The idea, or seed for this special series on psychotherapy training originally grew from a panel that took place at the 2006 North American Society of Psychotherapy Research (NASPR) conference in Burr Oak, Ohio. Although adhering to different theoretical perspectives and representing diverse professional backgrounds, the contributors to this panel (the authors in this series) agreed that little more than a dearth of research has been conducted on psychotherapy training. This knowledge gap, to a certain degree, mimics the current status of psychotherapy research. Given that we know that psychotherapy works, it seems reasonable to conclude that something is working in the training of psychotherapists. We are, however, less confident in our ability to explain how psychotherapy works, and, similarly, we are less knowledgeable about what are the most effective (and ineffective) elements of training. In our view, just as we pursue the question of how psychotherapy works in the hope of improving treatment outcomes, we should also pursue a greater knowledge base regarding psychotherapy training in the hope of improving training programs, and ultimately treatment outcomes. One goal of this series is to offer a variety of perspectives on effective psychotherapy training based on empirical knowledge, theory, and clinic experience. Another important goal of this series is to provide directives for future research on training, in the hope of providing a framework from which to begin addressing the aforementioned gap in the field's knowledge base. Thus, each of the four following papers is comprised of two parts: one addressing important elements of a training program and another that is focused on future directions for research on training. In addition to the common structure of the papers in this series, we believe that each paper plays a complimentary role in relation to the others. Although the authors of this series agree on the importance of training, they all believe that much more needs to be done to better understand and foster the development of effective therapists. As such, our hope in putting together this series was to encourage the field to actively pursue better ways to think about and conduct psychotherapy training, as well as to devote more energy in research aimed at addressing some of the critical questions raised by this complex endeavor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Critical issues in the measurement of ethnic and racial identity: A referendum on the state of the field.

Ethnic and racial identity are among the most researched topics in the multicultural counseling literature. The popularity of these constructs, combined with ongoing controversies surrounding their measurement, warrants a critical examination by scholars in the field. The author contends that a combination of science and ideology has influenced the field and warns that a rigid and uncritical adherence to old paradigms will stifle growth and the production of useful knowledge. The author provides a review of measurement issues pertaining to ethnic and racial identity research and recommendations for future research and better practices involving ethnic and racial identity instruments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The psychotherapy adaptation and modification framework: Application to Asian Americans.

Although effective treatments for many mental disorders have been developed, little research has been conducted to determine whether these interventions are effective in treating those from diverse backgrounds. Recent reports have suggested that ethnic minorities are less likely to receive quality health services and that they evidence worse treatment outcomes when compared with other groups. To improve care for those from diverse backgrounds, Western-developed psychotherapies may need to be culturally modified or adapted to become more effective in treating ethnic minorities. This article addresses the need for adapting psychotherapy and provides a conceptual framework for making such modifications. The psychotherapy adaptation and modification framework model is applied to recent Asian American immigrants as an illustrative example. However, it may also serve as a point of departure to adapt therapies for other ethnocultural groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients: A practical guide.

Reviews the book, Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients: A practical guide by Freddy A. Panaigua (see record 1996-97152-000). This book is a timely and provocative delineation of highly relevant considerations to be made by counselors, psychotherapists, and other mental health professionals in the delivery of services to multicultural groups. The book deals with four ethnic populations in the United States—African American, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian. Panaigua's contribution is part of a series on Multicultural Aspects of Counseling by Sage Publications. The purpose of the series is to increase the mental health practitioner's knowledge and sensitivity to cultural differences and to assist in alleviating bias in the therapeutic process. This purpose is accomplished with precision and insight by Panaigua. Unlike some other books dealing with cultural diversity, Panaigua's work offers specific treatment methods which have been demonstrated to be successful in treating members of the targeted groups. Problem solving and social skills training are recommended in some cases. In other instances, assertiveness training, music therapy, or direct advice are the modalities of choice. In other cases, education, medication, or behavioral approaches are preferred. Assessing and Treating Culturally Diverse Clients can serve the educational needs of graduate students in the fields of psychology, counseling, family therapy, and social work. It is an excellent guide for use in either the training or practice of these helping professions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emerging and continuing trends in psychotherapy: Views from an editor's eye.

It is proposed that six major trends in psychotherapy have continued or emerged over the course of the author's editorship of Psychotherapy, the past seven years. These trends are (a) the increasing integration of techniques and the therapeutic relationship; (b) increasing focus on theoretical integration; (c) increasing efforts at research-practice integration; (d) increases in more specific, integrative reviews; (e) integration of biological, neuroscience understandings; and (f) integration of diversity and cultural considerations into psychotherapy. Each trend is described and its impact on the field is discussed. Cautions about each trend are also noted. The six trends are discussed in the context of integration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cultural adaptation of treatments: A resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice.

There is a growing interest in whether and how to adapt psychotherapies to take into account the cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic context of diverse ethnocultural groups. At the root of the debate is the issue of whether evidence-based treatments (EBTs) developed within a particular linguistic and cultural context are appropriate for ethnocultural groups that do not share the same language, cultural values, or both. There is considerable evidence that culture and context influence almost every aspect of the diagnostic and treatment process. Yet, there are concerns about fidelity of interventions, and some have questioned whether tinkering with well-established EBTs is warranted. We present arguments in favor of the cultural compatibility and universalistic hypotheses. Next, we review the available published frameworks for cultural adaptations of EBTs and offer examples from the literature on the process and outcome of different approaches used. Conceptual models for adapting existing interventions and emerging evidence that adapted intervention leads to positive outcomes suggest that there are tools for engaging in evidence-based psychological practices with ethnocultural youth. Recommendations for future directions are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Knowing the self: Building a bridge from basic research to clinical practice.

The articles under discussion give promise that basic research information about the self can be translated into useful information for the clinical practitioner. Several issues were delineated that require more careful attention and research: (a) The self needs to be more clearly defined in both basic and clinical literatures; (b) the process of self-experiencing must be studied in conjunction with the study of the acquisition, functions, and developmental trajectories of self-concepts; and (c) the complexities of identity formation in multicultural societies must be factored into future research designs. Psychotherapists need to be aware that many patients have internalized self-related ideas from several different cultures and subcultures, and puzzling out these culture-based conflicts may become a significant focus of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A symposium on therapeutic termination: Principles and obstacles--Chair's introduction.

The psychotherapy termination process has, thus far, received too little attention both within and outside the field of psychotherapy integration. Drawing on their clinical experience, representatives from 3 different psychotherapy home bases were invited to identify several guiding principles that facilitate a therapeutic completion, as well as potential obstacles. To illustrate the complex and multifaceted nature of this subject, the author introduces an array of clinical questions that prompted him to organize this symposium. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Editorial introduction.

Introduces the special section in the current issue of Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. This section contains a reprint of Carl R. Rogers' (1957) seminal paper on the necessary and sufficient conditions for constructive personality change, as well as 11 reaction papers from some of the best psychotherapy theoreticians and researchers of our time. The reaction papers address the impact of Rogers' paper on the field of psychotherapy in general and therapy of the commenter's persuasion in particular, limitations of Rogers' viewpoints, the most important and enduring aspects of Rogers' theoretical statement, and how Rogers' ideas may exhibit themselves directly and indirectly in the current psychotherapy scene. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)