大口径方管排辊成形工艺的仿真分析

针对四道次滚模压制大口径方形管成形工艺，采用有限元仿真软件ANSYS／DYNA对冷拔、推挤和滚轧进行仿真和比较分析，揭示各工艺成形的形状变形特点和作用力变化规律，为优选成型工艺参数提供了基础。     

油泵齿轮轴精锻成形工艺研究及缺陷分析

针对油泵齿轮轴特殊形状设计了齿轮轴精锻模具.通过有限元仿真和精锻实验研究了齿轮轴成形过程和金属流动规律.分析了对油泵齿轮轴精锻工艺中产生齿形角隅填充不满缺陷的原因:角隅填充是成形终了时成形载荷陡增的主要原因之一,由于齿轮轴精锻模具结构的特殊性,其强度无法满足齿形角隅填充所需高成形载荷的需要.基于角隅填充状况,提出了齿形端面斜面分流和环形槽分流,并对传统精锻工艺和两种分流锻造工艺进行了有限元仿真.分析结果表明两种分流方法均能有效减小齿形角隅填充时金属流动阻力,保证齿形良好填充,降低成形载荷,并且斜面分流优于环形槽分流.锻造实验验证了有限元仿真的准确性.      

铝合金管材6061自由弯曲成形工艺仿真及优化

金属管材是工业领域中结构承重、输送气体和液体的重要部件。自由弯管成形技术有助于实现管件生产的高精度、高性能、高效率和数字化，其精度控制理论和成形技术的研究具有重要的工业应用价值。本文选择直径 30 mm 壁厚 2.0 mm 的铝合金管材6061为仿真优化对象，通过相关基础实验获得材料的基本力学数据，用于仿真模型参数的表征。同时，结合管材压弯实验验证本构模型成形预测的有效性。在完成仿真模型表征和验证的基础上，对铝合金管材的自由弯曲成形过程进行仿真模拟，分析对比了影响自由弯曲成形的各工艺参数，确定了该工况下最优的移动模与管材间隙大小、摩擦系数和进给速度等。该研究有助于优化管材空间自由弯曲成形工艺，具有一定的工业应用价值。      

基于DEFORM软件的U型梁激光拼焊件热成形仿真分析

采用DEFORM软件对U型梁激光拼焊件进行计算机仿真,拼焊材料为热成形钢800HS与1500HS,研究热成形过程中温度场、相组成的变化过程,并对保压、模具间隙、冷却能力等热成形主要工艺参数对热成形效果的影响予以讨论,获得了全工序的温度场、相组成的变化规律,给出了热成形主要工艺参数对热成形效果的影响,其中模具间隙是决定热成形淬火性能的关键因素,冷却水道是保障连续模淬的关键措施。经实际生产验证,仿真分析符合性较好,对激光拼焊件热成形实际生产具有一定的指导意义。     

钛合金板材多道次高温拉深有限元仿真及实验研究

钛及钛合金金属材料的特点是塑性差,变形抗力大,拉深成形困难。针对TA15钛合金深筒件,提出了一种多道次高温拉深成形方法。通过有限元仿真研究了压边力、各道次拉深深度等工艺参数对成形性的影响。最后经实验得到了TA15钛合金筒形件,总长180 mm,孔径24 mm。实验证明了仿真计算的准确性和工艺设计的可靠性,最终产品满足实际生产要求。     

TA34钛合金波纹管成形研究

采用恒应变速率拉伸方法研究了普通退火态(M态)和等温退火态(HT态)TA34钛合金管坯的冷成形性能，结果表明：M态TA34钛合金管坯的强度更高，最大应变硬化率更低，冷成形性能更好，更适用于波纹管的成形。采用有限元模拟的方法对DN85波纹管的成形参数进行仿真计算，得到最佳鼓波压力、成形压力和最大波深系数等成形参数。根据仿真模拟结果进行DN85波纹管成形工艺的探索，HT态管坯在波深系数1.162时即出现开裂，M态管坯在波深系数1.165、1.169、1.178时均未出现表面质量缺陷。以M态TA34钛合金管坯为坯料，选择合适的波纹管成形工艺参数可以制备出质量优良的TA34钛合金波纹管。     

超高强梁零件筋槽的辊冲成形工艺分析

辊冲成形工艺为一种新型成形工艺,该工艺兼具辊压和冲压特点,特别适合超高强、尤其是超高强变截面梁类零件的生产。筋槽是汽车零部件中常见的局部形状,在各类纵梁、加强梁等零件上用于装配定位、避让和加强刚度。针对筋槽的辊冲成形,选取了平底筋槽和圆底筋槽两类典型的筋槽形状,基于ABAQUS软件平台,建立了筋槽辊冲成形仿真分析模型,并对不同尺寸筋槽的辊冲成形进行了对比分析,结果表明,当筋槽圆角半径增大时,辊冲成形过程最大Mises应力、最大应变和最大减薄率均减小;采用辊冲成形工艺,两类筋槽安全成形的最小圆角半径分别为8mm和4mm。     

超高强度钢防撞梁热成形改冷冲压工艺设计及优化

安装在车门内的防撞梁是提高轿车侧碰撞安全性的关键部件,国外高安全性轿车都用超高强度钢板制造防撞梁,但超高强度钢板成形困难,普遍采用成本高的加热成形方法.笔者绍了采用有限元分析软件Dynaform对某高级进口型轿车超高强度钢防撞梁热成形改冷冲压工过程进行模拟仿真,并优化成形工艺,主要研究了温度对超高强度板内部组织变化起的作用.通模拟和实际对比研究工艺补充面对零件成形及回弹的影响,并设置凸顶得到了优化的工艺型面,同类相关高强度钢零件的生产起到了指导作用.     

热冲压工艺参数对零件成形性影响规律分析

主要研究了热冲压工艺参数对热冲压后零件成形性的影响规律。热冲压工艺参数主要包括冲压速度、压边力、摩擦因数和板料温度,每个工艺参数均分为低、中、高3个水平。结合测试方案设计和仿真模型,利用方差分析研究不同工艺参数对零件成形性的影响程度;同时,利用量化分析方法确定不同水平的工艺参数对零件成形性影响程度的量化值。结果表明,工艺参数对零件减薄率的影响程度由重到轻的顺序为摩擦因数、板料温度、冲压速度和压边力,其中摩擦因数影响程度的量化值约为97.3%。     

激光选区熔化非实体支撑薄壁曲面特征变形规律研究

激光选区熔化（SLM）成形工艺正越来越广泛应用于航空航天装备复杂构件制造,该类零件具有众多薄壁类曲面特征,成形制造中残余应力较大、曲面特征变形问题突出,严重制约增材制造薄壁曲面构件的成形精度和质量。针对非实体支撑薄壁曲面特征激光选区熔化成形,通过模拟仿真研究了非实体支撑的工艺参数和几何特征对支撑连接情况的影响,基于此分析了非实体支撑下曲面特征的残余应力分布与变形规律。采用热弹塑性法对不同支撑成形激光功率和支撑结构下非实体支撑连接情况进行模拟仿真,以连接效果为目标优选支撑参数。应用优选支撑参数,基于固有应变模型对不同壁厚和成形高度的薄壁曲面特征的残余应力和变形分布进行模拟仿真、实验验证与讨论分析。结果表明,优选非实体支撑的薄壁曲面零件的局部变形得到明显改善,薄壁曲面零件残余应力分布主要受零件的Z向正应力影响,且随零件厚度增加而增加。     

安钢7号高炉的设计与强化生产实践

介绍了安钢7号高炉的设计及强化生产情况,经过2年的生产实践证明,高炉采用的一系列先进技术是相当成功的,完全满足高炉强化冶炼的要求,取得了较好的生产效果,高炉利用系数在3．3t/m^3．d以上,高炉焦比降至520kg/t以下。     

A latex bag tonometer for determining the anaesthetic blood/gas partition coefficient

Many techniques for measurement of the tissue/gas partition coefficient are valid. Each has specific advantages and shortcomings. All the methods require suitable analytic equipment and means for controlling temperature. The disadvantages of a particular technique, the ability to cope with them and the availability of the necessary apparatus are the determining factors in choosing the best method. The latex bag tonometer has a precision and ease which compares favourably with previously described techniques for measuring anaesthetic blood/gas partition coefficients. The technique was successfully used to show the effect of in vivo haemodilution on the halothane blood/gas partition coefficient.     

铝土矿样品分解方法和分析测试技术研究进展

铝土矿具有较强的化学稳定性,属于一种比较难分解的矿石,这给其分析测试带来一定困难。主要对近10年铝土矿样品分解方法和分析测试技术的研究情况进行了评述。对敞开酸溶法、微波消解法、高压密闭法、碱熔融法、氟化铵和氟化氢铵消解等样品分解方法以及电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)和激光诱导击穿光谱法(LIBS)等测定技术进行了总结,并对铝土矿样品的分解方法和分析测定技术的发展前景进行了展望。引用文献66篇。     

Analysis of Techniques Leading to Radical Reduction in Project Cycle Time

Today’s construction business relies on first-to-market product strategies to gain competitive advantages and increase profit margins. This has created an increased demand for a high performance capital project delivery system that can achieve a dramatic reduction in project cycle time. Very few decision tools and guidelines exist to assist owners in choosing appropriate delivery systems and project strategies to radically reduce the project cycle time from the preplanning stage through start up. The research presented in this paper surveyed the construction owners and architectural/engineering/construction firms to identify projects that have achieved greater than 25% reduction in overall project cycle time when compared to current industry standards. The data collected were analyzed to determine the techniques that facilitate radical reduction in project cycle time. These techniques include, best practices and schedule reduction techniques as well as the various management techniques employed on the projects identified by the Construction Industry Institute (CII). This research also identified the barriers to radical schedule reduction. The research concludes that radical schedule reduction well in excess of 25% can be achieved through the selective employment of management techniques, schedule reduction techniques and CII best practices. Almost every construction manager can utilize this research to improve project performance whether for radical reduction or simply more effective execution.     

Comparison of four motion correction techniques in SPECT imaging of the heart: a cardiac phantom study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of four different motion correction techniques in SPECT imaging of the heart. METHODS: We evaluated three automated techniques: the cross-correlation (CC) method, diverging squares (DS) method and two-dimensional fit method and one manual shift technique (MS) using a cardiac phantom. The phantom was filled with organ concentrations of 99mTc closely matching those seen in patient studies. The phantom was placed on a small sliding platform connected to a computer-controlled stepping motor. Linear, random, sinusoidal and bounce motions of magnitude up to 2 cm in the axial direction were simulated. Both single- and dual-detector 90 degrees acquisitions were acquired using a dual 90 degrees detector system. Data were acquired over 180 degrees with 30 or 15 frames/detector (single-/dual-head) at 30 sec/frame in a 64x64 matrix. RESULTS: The simulated single-detector system, CC method, failed to accurately correct for any of the simulated motions. The DS technique overestimated the magnitude of phantom motion, particularly for images acquired between 45 degrees left anterior oblique and 45 degrees left posterior oblique. The two-dimensional and MS techniques accurately corrected for motion. The simulated dual 90 degrees detector system, CC method, only partially tracked random or bounce cardiac motion and failed to detect sinusoidal motion. The DS technique overestimated motion in the latter half of the study. Both the two-dimensional and MS techniques provided superior tracking, although no technique was able to accurately track the rapid changes in cardiac location simulated in the random motion study. Average absolute differences between true and calculated position of the heart on single- and dual 90 degrees -detectors were 1.7 mm and 1.5 mm for the two-dimensional and MS techniques, respectively. The corresponding values for the DS and CC techniques were 5.7 and 8.9 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Of the four techniques evaluated, manual correction by an experienced technologist proved to be the most accurate, although results were not significantly different from those observed with the two-dimensional method. Both techniques accurately determined cardiac location and permitted artifact-free reconstruction of the simulated cardiac studies.     

中子/同步辐射衍射表征技术及其在工程材料研究中的应用

以先进钢铁、高温合金、钛合金、铝合金为代表的工程材料研究,亟待发展先进的原位微结构与应力表征技术,以揭示材料与工程部件在制备与服役过程中晶体结构与多尺度微观组织／应力场的演化规律,阐明温度、应力、电、磁等复杂多外场作用下包括形变损伤、相变微观机制在内的工程材料微观力学行为。在评述了中子与同步辐射先进原位表征技术的方法原理、装置发展与各自优势特点的基础之上,总结了其在金属材料形变与相变基础与应用研究中的新进展及展望。      

Retrograde intramedullary nailing of supracondylar femoral fractures

As an alternative to standard AO/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation plate and screw techniques, retrograde intramedullary locked nailing of supracondylar and intracondylar (AO/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation Type 33) fractures is reviewed. This includes a historic review, the technique for knee arthrotomy, fracture reduction and nail insertion, and the reported clinical and biomechanical results. The retrograde intramedullary locked nail is a viable alternative for the treatment of AO/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation Type 33-A and some C supracondylar femoral fractures and should be part of the internal fixation armamentarium, however, it does not replace the standard biologic plate and screw techniques for most fractures.     

Pharmacological modulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in the rat central nervous system

Hypnosis is not a therapy, but can provide the clinician with a set of techniques which may be used to augment or facilitate a particular course of treatment. The importance of the patient's history and clinical findings in the diagnosis of intolerance to dentures and the selection of patients for hypnosis is discussed. Principles of treatment using relaxation, anxiety control, conditioning/desensitisation and confidence boosting techniques are described. Some examples of typical case histories are used to illustrate the application of a variety of techniques that have been found to be successful.