大规模碳捕集电站贫液CO_2负载率优化研究

针对燃煤电站CO2捕集能耗较高的问题,在统筹考虑大规模碳捕集燃煤电站汽水系统、脱碳单元和CO2多级压缩单元的相互影响下,对脱碳单元贫液CO2负载率进行了优化.结果表明:脱碳单元再生能耗随贫液CO2负载率的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,且在贫液CO2负载率为0.26mol/mol时取得最小值;不同再生压力下,随着贫液CO2负载率的增大,脱碳单元的辅机泵功随之增大;在CO2捕集率保持不变的情况下,CO2压缩功几乎不随贫液CO2负载率的增大而发生变化;大规模碳捕集燃煤电站的供电效率随贫液CO2负载率的增大呈先提高后降低的趋势,在贫液CO2负载率为0.26mol/mol、再生压力为250Pa时取得最优值.     

氨水富液溶液的CO2膜减压再生试验研究

采用疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维膜组件为再生装置,以氨水富液溶液为再生液进行减压再生实验,考察了其液相流量、再生压力、再生温度等因素对CO2再生程度和CO2再生传质速率的影响。研究结果表明:当反应温度为60℃时,CO2减压再生程度随流量的增加而降低,且温度越高其下降趋势越明显;降低压力能够提高一定的CO2再生程度,再生传质速率随压力降低而下降;随着温度的上升,不同压力下的CO2再生程度均在迅速上升。     

双碱法CO2捕集富液再生技术研究

以苛化反应釜为富液再生器,采用单因素分析方法研究了再生温度、搅拌速率、再生当量比、富液浓度等因素对富液再生效果的影响,并采用正交试验对这些参数进行优化。结果表明：在实验条件下,各因素对富液再生效果影响的主次顺序为搅拌速率、再生温度、再生当量比、富液浓度。搅拌速率对反应再生率影响最为显著,再生温度与再生当量比对反应再生率影响较为显著,富液浓度对反应再生率影响较小。最佳工况组合为：搅拌速率200 r/min,再生温度70℃,再生当量比115%,富液浓度1.25 mol/L。     

Efficiency Comparison of CO_2 Removal Respectively with Ammonia Solution and MEA

介绍了氨水及MEA捕集CO2的反应原理,探讨了吸收液中吸收剂的质量分数、CO2体积分数、入口烟气体积流量、溶液的pH值和反应温度等因素对氨水、MEA脱碳效率的影响,通过吸收容量试验分别测定了氨水和MEA的CO2吸收容量,并利用红外吸收光谱对其产物进行测定分析.结果表明：提高吸收剂的质量分数和pH值均可增大脱碳效率;温度对氨水和MEA的脱碳效率均有较大的影响;氨水对CO2的吸收容量远远大于MEA的吸收容量;氨法工艺在吸收剂再生、能耗以及副产品利用价值等方面优于MEA吸收法.     

基于技术经济学的氨水脱碳工艺参数影响分析

为了合理评价氨水脱碳工艺与燃煤电厂集成后的运行性能,基于脱碳系统仿真模型和燃煤电厂变工况模型,利用技术经济学方法建立了脱碳机组评价体系.考察了CO_2捕集系统主要参数(氨水质量分数、贫液CO_2负荷、吸收塔入口温度、再生塔压力、氨气逃逸率和CO_2捕集率)对机组运行性能的影响,选取了氨水脱碳系统可行运行参数.结果表明:氨水质量分数为11%、贫液负荷为0.36以及吸收塔入口温度为15℃为该系统可行运行参数,此时脱碳机组相对于优化前发电效率提升了0.712 7%,发电煤耗降低了6.959 4g/(kW·h),发电成本降低了0.011元/(kW·h),脱碳成本降低了16.756 3元/t.     

Ca(OH)2化学解吸固定TEA富液中的CO2

为探究TEA富液在投加Ca(OH)₂的化学解吸方式下的解吸性能,通过单因素法探究不同因素对TEA、TEA+MDEA和MDEA富液的解吸效果,再通过多次吸收-解吸实验对TEA富液的再生性能进行研究。结果表明：n(Ca)/n(C)、pH值等因素对TEA、TEA+MDEA和MDEA富液解吸效果均具有一定的影响,TEA富液的解吸效果最好,TEA+MDEA次之,MDEA最差;在n(Ca)/n(C)=1∶1、pH值为10、温度为20℃、CO₂负荷为0.4 mol/L、搅拌速率为800 r/min以及搅拌时间为10 min的条件下,TEA的解吸率可达82.85%;在5次吸收-解吸实验中TEA的解吸率均保持在80%左右,说明其在投加Ca(OH)₂的化学解吸方式下具有良好的解吸性能。     

甘氨酸钠溶液提纯沼气性能的试验研究

对新型有机胺-甘氨酸钠溶液吸收CO2提纯沼气的适宜条件进行了试验研究,并采用加热再生的方法对甘氨酸钠溶液的再生性能进行了研究。考察了不同浓度(0.5～3 mol/L)甘氨酸钠溶液对CO2吸收速率和吸收负荷随时间的变化关系,气流速度对于甘氨酸钠溶液对CO2吸收速率和吸收负荷的影响以及温度对于甘氨酸钠溶液对CO2吸收速率的影响。试验结果表明,甘氨酸钠溶液的浓度越高,吸收量也越大,但吸收负荷越小;气流速度对甘氨酸钠吸收CO2速率影响较为明显;温度对甘氨酸钠吸收CO2速率影响较小。另外,甘氨酸钠溶液具有稳定的再生性能,适宜的再生温度和再生时间分别为108℃和3 h。     

填料塔中碳酸丙烯酯脱除沼气中的CO_2

以木薯渣发酵产生的沼气为原料气,采用10 m3/d脱碳工艺试验装置,以碳酸丙烯酯为吸收剂脱除沼气中的CO2,分别考察了吸收气液比、吸收压力、吸收温度、空气气提气液比、原料沼气中硫化氢浓度对脱碳效果的影响。试验结果表明,吸收气液比为55、吸收压力为800 kPa、吸收温度15℃、空气气提气液比为10时,净化气中CO2浓度为(6.44±0.34)%,CO2脱除率为(92.48±0.39)%。原料沼气中H2S浓度对碳酸丙烯酯的脱碳效果影响显著,当H2S浓度增加到0.4%时,与以脱硫后沼气为原料气时的脱碳情况相比,净化气中CO2浓度增加了1.66%。     

烟气CO2吸收分离工艺再生能耗的分析与模拟

对烟气CO2膜吸收工艺系统的再生能耗Qstr进行了详细分析,并推导出计算通式,它是一个关于膜吸收装置性能因子、吸收液性质因子和热交换器性能因子的函数.当膜吸收装置性能因子确定时,通过再生能耗的计算通式对降低Qstr进行了探讨.结果表明:在一定质量浓度极限ψmax内,提高吸收剂溶液的质量浓度ψ,可以有效降低Qstr;通过对混合吸收剂进行适当配比,也可以有效降低Qstr;提高吸收剂富液的再生程度ξ可以降低Qstr,但ξ过高又会造成Q str的重新升高;提高贫、富液热交换器性能在一定程度上可以降低Qstr,但会增加投资成本;应在投资成本和Qstr之间选择一个优化的热交换器性能值.     

常温常压下离子液体[NH_2p-mim]Br吸收CO_)2的实验研究

针对燃煤过程排放的CO2的捕集问题,以N-甲基咪唑为主要原料,合成了含—NH2官能团的离子液体1-(1-氨基丙基)-3-甲基咪唑溴盐(即[NH2p-mim]Br),在常温常压下考察了其对CO2的吸收性能和再生后对CO2的吸收负荷,并对[NH2p-mim]Br和[bmim]Br进行了比较实验,研究了哌嗪的加入对[NH2p-mim]Br吸收CO2的影响.结果表明:胺基的引入增加了对CO2的吸收负荷,且合成的离子液体经再生后,仍具有较高的CO2吸收负荷;哌嗪可促进[NH2p-mim]Br吸收CO2的反应;[NH2p-mim]Br对CO2的吸收负荷远大于[bmim]Br,这可能是因为—NH2官能团的存在实现了[NH2p-mim]Br对CO2物理吸收和化学吸收的并存.     

2D General Solution and Fundamental Solution for Orthotropic Electro-Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Materials

The 2D general solution for the plane problem of electro-magneto-thermo-elastic materials is derived in terms of five harmonic functions using strict differential operator theory for the case of distinct material eigenvalues. Based on the obtained general solution, the 2D fundamental solution for a steady point heat source in an infinite and a semi-infinite magneto-electro-thermo-elastic plane is obtained by virtue of the trial-and-error method.     

Free Solution Convection at Non-Isothermal Evaporation of Aqueous Salt Solution on a Micro-Structured Wall

Evaporation and heat transfer of layers of aqueous salt solutions have been studied. The behavior of salt solutions is compared for a smooth and micro-structured wall with a rectangular profile. The evaporation rate of the salt solution on the structured wall is 20–30% higher than on the smooth one at high salt concentration. Previously, it was thought that the heat transfer for solutions can be calculated for thin layers and films without taking into account the natural convection in liquid. In this paper, the liquid free convection is shown to play a key role. A simple model linking the solutal and the thermal Marangoni numbers and the Peclet number with free convection of the liquid on a hot structured wall is considered. For correct simulation of the non-isothermal heat and mass transfer, it is necessary to take into account local characteristics of thermal and velocity fields inside a layer of the salt solution, as well as to determine the average characteristic scales of circulation into the liquid. To simplify the analysis it is possible to effectively consider four types of characteristic convective scales, the role of which depends on the thickness and diameter of the solution layer, as well as on the wall temperature. The strong influence of free convection in a thin layer of the solution is extremely important for accurate modeling of a wide range of modern technologies. Intensification of heat transfer and evaporation due to the use of a structured wall can be applied in heat exchangers, to improve efficiency in desalination of water, in energy technologies (e.g., in heat absorption pumps), as well as in chemical technologies.     

一种装配式凸轮轴磨削工艺方案

凸轮轴作为发动机配气系统的重要组成部件之一,在发动机工作时,始终处于运转状态,用于控制气门的开启和闭合。其制造质量好坏,直接影响到发动机的动力性、排放指标、燃油经济性等。装配式凸轮轴作为一种新型的凸轮轴,代表了汽车发动机凸轮轴的一种应用趋势。磨削工序是凸轮轴加工过程中的关键工序,磨削质量直接关系到凸轮轴的最终产品质量,介绍了一种装配式凸轮轴的磨削加工工艺方案及其应用。     

康明斯发电机技术船用电力解决方案

概述了康明斯发电机技术(中国)有限公司发电机产品及性能,重点介绍了其船用电力解决方案,包括STAMFORD船用发电机和AvK船用发电机的有关性能指标及其应用,以及公司的全球服务业务。     

一种枝条架晒盐的方案

文章介绍了一种枝条架晒盐的方案,在盐田的蒸发池中设置一排排的用于增加蒸发表面积的枝条架,实现立体蒸发,在面积一定的蒸发池上成倍的增加了水膜与空气的接触面积,提高了蒸发池的蒸发效果,减少盐田的占地面积,从而提高盐厂的产量和经济效益。     

A New Solution of One Birkhoff Problem

In 1926, G. D. Birkhoff in [1] has formulated the following problem: describe the set of all ordinal numbers for which there exist dynamical systems with center depths (the definition will be given later) equal to them. In this case, Birkhoff used the term ordinal numbers of central trajectories instead of center depths however, the both terms mean the same. In 1948, A. G. Maier gave an answer to this question. In [2], he presented a construction of a flow having an arbitrary (given) center depth the phase space of which is a subset of . The present paper gives a new solution of Birkhoff's problem based on some methods of symbolic dynamics. The mentioned methods were earlier used by the author ([3], [4]) in his study of one topological invariant of symbolic dynamical systems, which obtained the name of depth. (To avoid any misunderstanding, we emphasize that terms depth and center depth stand for different concepts though sound likely; the depth of the center of some dynamical system and its center depth need not to be the same ordinal numbers.) A new construction of dynamical systems with arbitrary center depth, which is presented below, seems to be more simple and clear than Maier's construction.     

A Semi-Exact Solution for Solidification of a Binary Solution on a Cold Isothermal Surface below Eutectic Temperature

The solidification of a binary solution on a cold horizontal surface below eutectic temperature is solved using a semi-exact method. The temperature distributions in the solid and liquid zones are obtained by exact solutions, while heat transfer in the mushy zone is obtained by an integral approximate method. The locations of the interface between solid and mushy zones and interface between mushy and liquid zones are obtained by coupling the temperature distributions in the three regions. The effects of initial temperatures, wall temperatures, and initial concentrations on the solidification of the binary solution are investigated.     

起重机挠度与啃轨解决方法分析

主要分析了桥式起重机出现主梁下挠、啃轨现象的处理方法,提高了设备利用率,保证正常生产.     

凝汽器泄漏问题的分析和解决方案

凝汽器是发电厂热力循环系统中的重要设备,其是否能够长期保持良好状况,将直接影响到发电设备的安全、稳定运行。介绍了凝汽器铜管产生腐蚀的原因及处理方案,以供相关专业人员参考。     

发动机气门间隙异常原因分析及对策

某系列发动机近几年来在主机配套厂出厂试车过程中每月都会有几起气门间隙偏大或偏小的报修,成了一种常见的发动机故障模式。本文试图对影响发动机气门间隙的相关原因做一粗浅的分析,从而找出一些有效的对策,降低此类故障发生率,以供同行参考。