绿色制造的理论基础--工业生态方法研究

绿色制造是21世纪制造业实现可持续发展的先进制造模式，作为绿色制造理论基础的工业生态学越来越受到关注，对工业生态的概念、工业生态系统的组成、工业生态的研究方法进行了论述。分析结果表明，工业生态对绿色制造的实施具有理论指导意义。     

[制造前沿]工业人工智能——工业应用中的人工智能系统框架

人工智能正以超越人们想象的方式影响着工业生产和我们的生活。世界多国已启动的国家级人工智能计划均强调了人工智能在智能工业中的重要性和必要性。但与此同时,采用人工智能来实时解决生产的实际问题仍是当前必须面对且不能忽视的挑战。现在的最大挑战是找到可创造价值的具体应用来满足市场和资本不断增长的期望。为了给工业系统中的人工智能的发展与实施提供一个清晰的路线图,提出了工业人工智能的系统框架和使能技术。综述了智能工业中的工业人工智能的关键使能技术的重要性,阐述了如何系统地应用这些使能技术来创造产生新价值的机会并避免出现问题。     

制造业产业集群技术服务信息数据标准化研究

产业集群是当今制造业发展的重要模式。建立制造业产业集群支撑技术服务系统,规范系统开发过程中各类信息的描述,构建规范、合理的数据结构,对信息系统建设至关重要。本文基于数据元理论,介绍了制造业数据元的基本概念与结构、属性与描述、产品数据元,以及在"安徽汽车产业集群信息服务系统"的应用情况。     

Industrial IT客服网络结构在纸厂中的应用

主要介绍了ABB Industrial IT AC800M控制器以及其客服网络结构在纸厂中的应用。重点叙述了Industrial IT客服网络结构的系统组成、特点以及系统软件在运行时的集成。由于Industrial IT控制器和其客服网络结构的开放性、灵活性、稳定性，其在实时性要求高和子系统多的现代造纸工业中和其它制造业中得到越来越多的应用。     

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems in COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Framework and Impact Assessment

Pandemics like COVID-19 have created a spreading and ever-higher healthy threat to the humans in the manufacturing system which incurs severe disruptions and complex issues to industrial networks. The intelligent manufacturing(IM) systems are promising to create a safe working environment by using the automated manufacturing assets which are monitored by the networked sensors and controlled by the intelligent decision-making algorithms. The relief of the production disruption by IM technologies facilitates the reconnection of the good and service flows in the network, which mitigates the severity of industrial chain disruption. In this study, we create a novel intelligent manufacturing framework for the production recovery under the pandemic and build an assessment model to evaluate the impacts of the IM technologies on industrial networks. Considering the constraints of the IM resources, we formulate an optimization model to schedule the allocation of IM resources according to the mutual market demands and the severity of the pandemic.     

关中高新技术产业带CIMS

调查分析了关中高新技术产业开发带制造业的基本状况，分析了其制造业面临的问题和挑战。提出了面向企业集成的关中高新技术产业开发带现代集成制造系统(CIMS)，给出了其CIMS的实施框架。通过实施关中产业带CIMS，可以有效促进产业带内外企业集成，提高企业的竞争力。     

Key Technologies and Development Trends in Advanced Intelligent Sawing Equipments

As a starting point in equipment manufacturing,sawing plays an important role in industrial production.Intelligent manufacturing equipment is an important carrier of intelligent manufacturing technologies.Due to the backward-ness of intelligent technology,the comprehensive performance of sawing equipments in China is obviously different from that in foreign countries.State of the art of advanced sawing equipments is investigated along with the techni-cal bottleneck of sawing machine tool manufacturing,and a new industrial scheme of replacing turning-milling by sawing is described.The key technologies of processing-measuring integrated control,multi-body dynamic optimi-zation,the collaborative sawing network framework,the distributed cloud sawing platform,and the self-adapting service method are analyzed;with consideration of the problems of poor processing control stableness,low single machine intelligence level,no on-line processing data service and active flutter suppression of sawing with wide-width and heavy-load working conditions.Suggested directions for further research,industry implementation,and industry-research collaboration are provided.     

基于MBOM的工艺数据管理及集成技术研究

MBOM（制造物料清单）显示产品制造的层次关系、工艺路线、工艺装备、材料等,是反映产品制造信息的重要基础数据,也是ERP系统运行所需要的基础数据。针对企业产品制造过程中工艺数据不易提取以及组织和管理的问题,提出了一个框架,集成PDM、MPM（Manufacturing Process Management,制造过程管理）、ERP系统,实现完整的以MBOM为核心的工艺数据管理和制造过程管理。     

中国制造科学技术与制造产业发展问题的思考

讨论制造对于国家和国民经济的价值，提出制造科学技术与制造业发展的方向。通过近30年来世界各国经济发展的起落，质疑制造业的“夕阳工业”论断,提出依靠什么产业强国的问题。以美国、日本、韩国、东南亚诸国的经济发展历程为依据，批判以第三产业作为经济发展水平判据的观点。认定一个国家如果把经济的基础放在第三产业上，而无独立自主的制造产业，这个国家的经济就容易形成泡沫经济，世界经济大环境一有波动就可能产生经济危机。制造产业的重要价值在于它是实现现代化工业的水之源、木之本，是实现工业化的保障和原动力，是国家实力的脊梁，是支持国家大厦的基石，没有强大制造能力的国家永远不可能成为经济强国。 辨析科学与技术的相互关系，认为科学是技术的基础，科学是潜在的生产力，技术是直接的生产力，科学只有通过技术(特别是制造技术)才能成为现实的生产力。应用研究对于中国显得更为迫切需要，应用研究上不去，工业生产技术也上不去，将永远受制于人，经济发展和国家安全都没有保障。 21世纪中心科学技术(Central Science & Technology)转移的趋势是从信息科学技术到生物科学技术(包括生命科学技术)再到认知科学技术(智能科学技术)。NBICM汇聚技术将是一场引发科技与经济发展新突破的产业革命。     

Optimization of steel bar manufacturing process using six sigma

Optimization of a manufacturing process results in higher productivity and reduced wastes. Production parameters of a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Pakistan is optimized by using six Sigma-Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control- methodology. Production data is collected and analyzed. After analysis, experimental design result is used to identify significant factors affecting process performance. The significant factors are controlled to optimized level using two-level factorial design method. A regression model is developed that helps in the estimation of response under multi variable input values. Model is tested, verified, and validated by using industrial data collected at a local steel bar manufacturing industry of Peshawar(Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan). The sigma level of the manufacturing process is improved to 4.01 from 3.58. The novelty of the research is the identification of the significant factors along with the optimum levels that affects the process yield, and the methodology to optimize the steel bar manufacturing process.     

机械制造生产线中的测量技术及发展

机械制造生产线中的测量技术及发展胡生清，罗本进关键词测量技术，机械制造，自动生产线，在线测量，自动检测ＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎＭａｃｈｉｎｅＭａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇＬｉｎｅ￥ＨｕＳｈｅｎｇｑｉｎｇ；...     

数控技术在自动化机械制造中的运用研究

随着世界工业化深度发展,我国机械制造行业也在不停地跟上潮流脚步,从而引导出了多元化多功能的机械产品。同时,国家相关部门和企业应用自动化设备生产出了很多功能性的零部件,并为人们的生产生活和国家的发展需要提供了便捷和效益。然而,机械制造自动化行业在大规模发展的同时,大部分机械制造水平仍然处在较低程度,影响机械制造行业的进一步发展。本文通过描述我国现阶段机械制造领域发展状态,对数控技术在自动化机械制造中的运用研究,充分发挥数控技术的智能自动化的优势,为我国制造业发展提供充足的动力。     

Integrated definition modeling and Taguchi analysis of flexible manufacturing systems: aircraft industry application

In this paper, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are studied. Firstly, an FMS design approach is proposed using integrated definition for function methodology. A systematic layout design and performance evaluation scheme is presented and detailed using this modeling framework. Then, the proposed approach is carried out with a case study from an aircraft industry to convert an existing traditional production system to FMS. To improve the system performance, a simulation-based method with Taguchi approach consisting of multiproducts is utilized. The objective is to find the machine and the product mix that achieves the maximum utilization while minimizing the cycle time. FMS system performance has been greatly improved by determining the most advantageous level of system components. It has also shown that FMS is a practicable production system in aircraft industry.     

Microscopic segmentation and classification of COVID-19 infection with ensemble convolutional neural network

The detection of biological RNA from sputum has a comparatively poor positive rate in the initial/early stages of discovering COVID-19, as per the World Health Organization. It has a different morphological structure as compared to healthy images, manifested by computer tomography (CT). COVID-19 diagnosis at an early stage can aid in the timely cure of patients, lowering the mortality rate. In this reported research, three-phase model is proposed for COVID-19 detection. In Phase I, noise is removed from CT images using a denoise convolutional neural network (DnCNN). In the Phase II, the actual lesion region is segmented from the enhanced CT images by using deeplabv3 and ResNet-18. In Phase III, segmented images are passed to the stack sparse autoencoder (SSAE) deep learning model having two stack auto-encoders (SAE) with the selected hidden layers. The designed SSAE model is based on both SAE and softmax layers for COVID19 classification. The proposed method is evaluated on actual patient data of Pakistan Ordinance Factories and other public benchmark data sets with different scanners/mediums. The proposed method achieved global segmentation accuracy of 0.96 and 0.97 for classification.     

Development of an authoring framework for the simplified customization of PDM systems

Given that the amount of product data in firms is explosively increasing, a PDM system for effective data management is considered indispensable for product development. However, considerable time and specialized human resources are needed to customize a generic PDM system for satisfying the specific requirements of individual firms. To overcome this problem, we propose the use of UML object models in a PDM authoring framework. A PDM authoring framework, which provides authoring functions for the effective customization of PDM systems, will reduce the need for the intervention of PDM specialists in the design of the object models of the PDM system. We describe how a PDM authoring framework may be designed by using UML object models, and show how model-oriented application development (MOAD), in conjunction with the PDM authoring framework, can be used to build object models into a PDM system. Furthermore, we confirm the value of the framework by evaluating its performance under several conditions. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae-Eun Kim Inho Song is a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA. He received the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea in 2007. From 2002 to 2007, he served as a CAx team leader of the INOPS Company (CIES R&D Center), Seoul, Korea. He has developed the sketch-based CAD system for an automotive company. His research interests include collaborative design, sketch-based CAD, geometry translation, geometry compression, product data exchange, PDM/PLM, digital manufacturing, and virtual reality. Jeongsam Yang is an assistant professor in the Department of Industrial & Information Systems Engineering and is leading the CAD laboratory() at Ajou University. He worked at Clausthal University of Technology (Germany) as a visiting researcher and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA) as a postdoctoral associate. He obtained his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 2004 at KAIST. His current research interests are product data quality (PDQ), VR application in product design, product data management (PDM), knowledge-based design system, and STEP. Peom Park is a professor in the Department of Industrial & Information Systems Engineering and is leading the Human Technology Research Center and Human Factors/HCI laboratory () at Ajou University. He worked on HCI and Telecommunication system at ETRI as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering at Iowa State University on 1992. His current research interests are uT applications, u-Healthcare/Telemedicine, Telematics and Ergonomic/Safety Design.     

我国制造业国际竞争力与驱动力分析

随着经济全球化和世界制造业向我国的转移,我国制造业面临着新的机遇和挑战,也存在着许多问题.确定了产业国际竞争力的基本研究框架,并对竞争实力,竞争驱动力,制约我国制造业国际竞争力的因素进行了分析,为提高我国制造业国际竞争力指明了方向.     

云制造技术的关键技术工艺分析

我国正在大力发展现代服务业,制造服务是现代服务业的重要组成部分,而云制造是实现制造服务的一种现代制造理念.在分析云制造概念的基础上,给出了云制造的体系结构框架,并对其中的关键技术问题进行了分析,这也是对我国在制造方面的有益探索.     

电控发动机燃油供给系统的故障与检修解析

随着科技不断发展,科技不断进行赋能。不管是在服务业还是在制造业,可以说技术给各行各业带来了翻天覆地变化。制造业水平高低直接体现了一个国家制造业水平。在进入20世纪70年代,我国汽车数量不断增加。但是于此同时汽车给人们带来的环境危机则是显得更加突出。其中比较明显则是汽车维修以及故障检修,本文主要以电动发动机燃油供给系统,进行分析汽车燃油故障以及问题。     

Manufacturing Clarity

Arguments on the impact of offshoring, of both manufacturing and service jobs, have raged for many years. The dominant argument is that these movements are inevitable and that developed economies will prosper by focusing on high-value add activities. Implicit in this analysis is a traditional perspective on the economy as having two major components, manufacturing and services, and that the loss of manufacturing will not matter. This approach ignores the rapid evolution of manufacturing and the continuing integration of products and services. Without a realistic framework for analysing the economy, companies and governments are at risk of making mistakes when thinking about the strategic importance of different activities. This paper outlines a new framework for categorising companies that provides a more nuanced perspective on the structure of the economy to help decision makers, in government and industry, achieve sustained economic growth