Mg/Al合金爆炸焊连接及其界面接合机制

采用爆炸焊接技术制备以AZ31B镁合金为基板,以6061铝合金为覆板的AZ31B/6061合金的层状复合板。对复合板界面的宏观形貌、微观组织、界面元素扩散行为及界面接合性能进行测试、分析。结果表明:AZ31B/6061合金爆炸复合板接合界面呈波状接合;靠近接合界面处的塑性变形程度最大,以孪晶和再结晶形式为主;在AZ31B一侧靠近界面处出现与界面呈45°的绝热剪切带组织,带内为动态再结晶形成的细晶粒组织;接合界面两侧的显微硬度分布为:随着距离接合界面的增大,AZ31B和6061侧的显微硬度值递减趋势;复合板的拉-剪试验结果表明,界面接合强度达193.3 MPa;复合板界面接合机制为压力焊、扩散焊及局部熔化焊综合作用的结果。     

An investigation into the inhomogeneity of the microstructure and mechanical properties of explosive welded H62-brass/Q235B-steel clad plates

Owing to excellent corrosion resistance, antifriction property, and economic efficiency, H62/Q235B explosive clad plates have been widely used in various fields. Therefore, detailed and systematic study into the microstructure and mechanical properties of this clad material is necessary. In this paper, the composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of H62/Q235B explosive clad plates were analyzed by optical metallographic observation, mechanical tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis. The results showed that the bonding interface of this clad plate was periodical wavy, and the interface was bonded in two ways, one through wide transition layer with a width up to 280 μm while the other by narrow transition layer with a width less than 20 μm. The major structural components in the transition layer were supersaturated solid solutions. The microhardness of the transition layer was higher than that of base metals, and the microhardness of the base plates in the region near the bonding interface was affected by both force and heat. The shear strength of the H62/Q235B clad plate showed an obvious characteristic of anisotropy. Furthermore, the clad plate tended to crack along the transition layer when it was stretched because of the discontinuity of plastic deformation across H62/Q235B interface.     

压力容器用大幅面爆炸焊接不锈钢复合板缺陷形成机理

在爆炸焊接宽2600 mm、长10000 mm以上的大幅面金属复合板中,常常发现在对角线附近,离开板角1000~2000 mm处,出现条状不结合缺陷,缺陷宽度一般在80~200 mm,长度为400~600 mm,最大长度可达2000 mm。这种缺陷的出现,严重影响了复合板的整体质量,增加了产品制造成本,限制了爆炸焊接更大面积的金属复合板产品。通过分析界面空间的排气路径,合理地解释了爆炸焊接大幅面金属复合板,特别是不锈钢复合板时,这种缺陷的形成机理,从而采取有效方法和措施来减小和消除这类缺陷。     

铜/铝复层板成形极限视觉测量方法及成形性能

基于数字图像相关法（DIC）与双目视觉技术,提出并实现了一种用于爆炸焊接制备的铜/铝复层板成形极限应变的视觉测量方法,利用有限元模拟结果对该方法进行验证。根据DIC方法获得的板料成形极限应变,分析热处理工艺及接触状态对铜/铝复层板成形极限的影响,使用扫描电子显微镜对界面与断口形貌进行观察分析。结果表明：DIC方法测得的铜/铝复层板失稳破裂时的最大主应变与有限元模拟结果的相对误差为0.1%,且应变值分布与有限元模拟吻合也较好;铝在内层时复层板成形极限大于铜在内层时的成形极限;经过退火处理的铜/铝复层板成形性能优于未退火时的性能;铜/铝复层板发生失稳断裂时,界面产生脱离。     

玻璃纤维/PC树脂/LY12铝合金叠层复合材料界面处理及其性能

采用热压固化成型工艺,成功制备了玻璃纤维／PC树脂／铝合金叠层复合材料,并对该材料的界面结合状况与性能进行了分析。结果表明：通过对铝合金表面进行喷丸和酸腐蚀综合处理及对玻璃纤维进行0．5％硅烷偶联剂水溶液涂层处理,叠层复合材料各界面的结合状况良好;抗拉强度达到210．2MPa,抗弯强度达到325MPa,冲击韧度大于173．5kJ／m^2,其阻尼性能尤其突出,自由衰减率达到0．332,可与粘弹性阻尼材料媲美。     

爆炸复合钢板的复层中残余应力分布的测定

用改进的盲孔法对一种复合钢板的双相不锈钢00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2复层中残余应力测试结果表明，复层内存在不均匀的残余应力，复层表面的残余应力较小，约靠近复层与基层的结合面应力越大，最大残余应力可达100MPa以上。该测试结果对复合钢板的选用具有一定的实际意义。     

复合板材的爆炸接合技术

讨论了爆炸接合复合板材研究中存在的问题，认为复合板材接合界面涉及到金属融体的非平衡凝固过程，可能会存在马氏体等固态相变，但不可能形成非晶态。由于爆炸接合过程在瞬间完成，接合界面的溶质原子扩散不明显，所形成的化合物可能来自复合板材的后期退火。接合界面的绝热剪切带中存在再结晶晶粒，可能是动态再结晶也可能是静态再结晶形成的。爆炸接合引起的晶粒细化为金属材料表面纳米化提供了一种重要的途径。     

Al-Sn-Si/Al/steel层状复合材料的变形复合行为及机理

通过室温轧制和压缩变形法，研究了坯料厚度、变形率、表面状态等工艺因素对Al-Sn-Si/Al/steel层状复合材料粘结行为的影响，提出了变形复合模型。结果表明：压缩变形法难以复合该层状复合材料，而当轧制变形率达到45%时，Al-Sn-Si/Al/steel就能获得良好的粘结效果，随坯料厚度的减小及变形率的增加，粘结强度亦增加；表面多向抛磨有利于改善粘结状态。粘结界面形貌表明，硬质Si粒子明显阻碍表面粘结，两接触表面塑性变形和流动是导致粘结的主要机制。     

The compact capacitor bank CQ-1.5 employed in magnetically driven isentropic compression and high velocity flyer plate experiments

Based on the low inductance capacitor, the parallel-plate transmission line, and the explosive network closing switch, a compact pulsed power generator CQ-1.5 has been developed at the Institute of Fluid Physics and is capable to deliver a current of peak of 1.5 MA within rise time of 500-570 ns into a 2-3 nH inductive load. The work is motivated to do isentropic compression experiments (ICEs) on metals up to 30-50 GPa and to launch flyer plates at velocities over 8 kms. The experiments were conducted with the diagnostics of both Doppler pin system and velocity interferometer system for any reflectors, and the measured free surface velocity histories of ICE samples were treated with a backward integration code. The results show that the isentropes of Cu and Al samples under 35 GPa are close to their Hugoniots within a deviation of 3%. The LY12 aluminum flyer plates were accelerated to a velocity over 8.96 kms.     

电站冷凝器用钛钢复合板结合界面均匀性研究

采用高低爆速炸药分段式铺药的方式对钛/钢复合管板进行爆炸焊接.对爆炸复合法制备的电站冷凝器用29 m2、材料为Gr.2/Gr.70的管板结合界面的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析,结果表明,采用2250～2300 m/s的高低爆速和分段布药工艺制备的大面积钛/钢复合板,在无损检测时无杂波,结合界面均匀,力学性能符合ASTM...     

钛-钢爆炸复合板的微观组织结构及力学性能

采用合适的工艺参数将TA2和Q345进行爆炸复合,并对获得的爆炸复合板进行微观组织结构分析和抗拉强度、剪切强度、显微硬度等力学性能测试。结果表明,复合板的力学性能良好,能够满足实际工程需要;复合板金相组织分析显示,结合界面呈波状结合,爆炸焊接时,在结合界面处发生强烈塑性变形,距界面处越远塑性变形越小,显微硬度越低;对复合板靠近钛侧界面进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析,未发现有脆硬的金属间化合物相生成,保证了复合板界面具有较高的结合强度。     

Eutectic bonding of austenitic stainless steel 316L to magnesium alloy AZ31 using copper interlayer

The eutectic bonding of magnesium alloy (AZ31) to austenitic stainless steel alloy (316L) was performed using pure Cu interlayers. The effect of hold time on the microstructural developments across the joint region and the related effect on bond shear strength were studied at a bonding temperature of 530°C. The bonding process took place through a sequential occurrence of solid-state diffusion of Cu into the magnesium alloy, eutectic phase formation, interlayer dissolution, and isothermal solidification. A (Mg–Cu–Al) ternary intermetallic phase formed within the joint and concentrated into the center of the bond during the solidification stage increasing the hardness value to a maximum average of VHN313 while the maximum recorded bond shear strength was 57 MPa achieving 69% of the AZ31 shear strength and about three to four times of the adhesive joints.     

爆炸焊接炸药爆轰波与金属复合板界面波生成机制研究

爆炸焊接金属复合板界面成波机理是学术界争议较大的问题,而炸药爆轰波是否为形成界面波的必要条件,也未完全得到理论和试验的验证。为了研究爆炸焊接金属复合板界面波和炸药爆轰波之间的定量关系,在爆炸焊接复板受炸药爆轰波驱动和不受炸药爆轰波驱动两种情况下,对复合板界面成波情况进行了对比测试分析。结果表明,在复板动态参数一致的条件下,获得了两种不同的试验结果,从而证明,在爆炸焊接过程中,炸药爆轰波直接作用于复板上表面是形成金属复合板界面波的必要条件。     

Investigation on the maximum thinning and protrusion height of the hydroformed 316L SS/Al clad T-branch

The hydroforming process of the 316L SS/Al clad T-branch was investigated through numerical simulation and experiments. The effects of bonding strength, internal pressure, lubrication condition, and the feed distance on the protrusion height and the maximum thinning rate were investigated by the FE method. Furthermore, the 316L SS/Al clad T-branch was fabricated by the hydroforming process and the micro-interface of the local position of the hydroformed parts was analyzed by using SEM method. The results indicated that the qualified clad T-branch could be obtained by using the appropriate hydroforming process.     

层状金属复合板带铸轧复合技术研究进展

介绍了层状金属复合板带铸轧复合技术的发展背景和意义,概述了近年来固-液铸轧复合工艺和液-液铸轧复合工艺开发现状及研究成果,对比分析了传统的固-固相、固-液相金属界面结合机理和铸轧复合机理的区别,并结合研究现状,从产品极限规格、产品种类、复合界面性能调控、全生命周期理论等方面对层状金属复合材料铸轧复合工艺发展进行了展望。     

Interfacial reaction and its influence on the mechanical properties of the ASZ short fibre-reinforced Al alloy composite

The effect of interfacial reaction on the mechanical properties of the AC8A Al alloy reinforced with ASZ short fibres (ASZ/AC8A composite) was studied. In the ASZ/AC8A composite, the interfacial reaction was observed to proceed between the SiO₂ binder layer and Mg of the matrix to form MgAl₂O₄ at the interface. Formation of MgAl₂O₄ was believed to enhance the interfacial bonding strength, resulting in the improved composite strength. However, the interfacial reaction in the ASZ/AC8A composite always took place at the expense of Mg in the matrix, resulting in the composite devoid of the Mg bearing precipitates such as Al₂CuMg and Mg₂Si. Interfacial reaction mechanisms were investigated for composites containing various Mg contents. The resultant mechanical properties of the composite were measured to determine the adequate amount of Mg within the composite. Microstructural changes of the composite were observed using transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to provide qualitative analyses on the experimental observations.     

7075/6009铝合金层状复合板材的固溶时效热处理工艺

对7075/6009铝合金层状复合板材进行了不同的固溶时效处理,优化得到了该复合板最佳的热处理工艺,并对热处理后复合板的力学性能和拉伸断口进行了分析。结果表明:该复合板最佳的热处理工艺为485℃×30min水淬+175℃×8h炉冷,其抗拉强度为404MPa,屈服强度为364MPa,伸长率为15.3%;外层6009铝合金的拉伸断口上分布着大量韧窝,内外层合金间实现了良好的冶金结合。     

爆炸法制备铁/铝双金属复合管的界面组织与结合强度

为研究爆炸法制备铁/铝双金属管复合界面的结合情况,通过压剪试验测试了该界面的结合强度,采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析了界面形貌及元素分布情况,并讨论了退火热处理对界面的影响.结果表明:制得的复合管中部实现了铁和铝的波状焊合,过渡层较窄,界面处未观察到明显的金属间化合物;界面的结合强度高于铝基体的抗剪强度;退火处理能够明...     

铝/铜合金复合材料的多坯料挤压成形

探讨了采用多坯料挤压法制备铝／黄铜复合棒材的可能性, 研究了挤压成形特点、界面结合情况, 分析了沿界面附近合金元素的扩散行为。结果表明, 挤压力变化规律与材料填充焊合腔、挤压复合成形特征相吻合; 复合材界面附近合金元素的扩散明显, 并形成具有不同衬度特征的扩散层; 挤压温度升高, 扩散层厚度增大; 棒材沿纵向和横向复合均匀, 界面为冶金结合, 焊合质量良好。挤压温度过高或过低导致界面结合强度降低。     

Effects of Morphological Characteristics of Alumina Particles and Interfacial Bonding Strength on Wear Behavior of Nano/Micro-alumina Particulates Reinforced Al/A206 Matrix Composites

Matrix/reinforcement interface has a critical role in determining the properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Properties of matrix/reinforcement interface depend on the fabrication method. The main problem in the fabrication of MMCs is wettability between reinforcing particles and molten alloy. Al206/5 vol% alumina_p cast composites were fabricated by the addition of reinforcing particles into molten Al alloy, semi-solid and liquid states, in two different forms: (1) as-received alumina (nano/micro) particles and (2) pre-synthesized composite reinforcement prepared via ball milling of alumina (nano/micro) with Al and Mg powders (master metal matrix composite). The effects of powder addition techniques, alumina/matrix interfacial bonding strength, and morphological characteristics of alumina particles on wear behavior were investigated. A new combination parameter, called alumina particle appearance (APA) index, was introduced. APA index approximates the collective effects of morphological characteristics of alumina particles on wear behavior. It is suggested that samples with lower APA index have superior wear properties. Microscopic examinations of the composite and matrix alloy and alumina/matrix interface were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that wear resistance was increased in the composites fabricated by the addition of pre-synthesized reinforcing particles into molten alloy in the semi-solid state. Improvement in wear resistance is attributed to higher bonding strength of matrix/reinforcement as well lower APA index compared to those prepared via as-received alumina particles.