Cd0.5Zn0.5S/MoO3复合材料光催化降解甲基橙

以MoO3、Cd0.5Zn0.5S、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为原料,水热一锅法制备了Cd0.5Zn0.5S/MoO3复合材料,通过XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS及PL对复合材料的结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征.在可见光照射下,将其用于甲基橙(MO)、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、酸性品红、结晶紫的光催化降解.结果表明,MoO3/Cd0.5Zn0.5S复合材料对上述染料都具有光催化降解能力,其中,对MO的光催化活性最佳.可见光照射60 min,质量浓度0.67 g/L的10％Cd0.5Zn0.5S/MoO3(Cd0.5Zn0.5S含量为10％,以MoO3质量计)对质量浓度10 mg/L MO的降解率达到98.0％,表观速率常数为0.06725 min–1,分别约为MoO3和Cd0.5Zn0.5S的172倍和31倍.     

MoO3/Cd0.5Zn0.5S复合材料光催化降解甲基橙

以MoO3、Cd0.5Zn0.5S、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为原料，水热一锅法制备了复合材料MoO3/Cd0.5Zn0.5S，通过XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS及PL对复合材料的结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征。可见光照射下，MoO3/Cd0.5Zn0.5S复合材料对甲基橙（MO）、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、酸性品红等染料具有光催化降解能力，其中对MO的光催化活性最佳。结果表明，可见光照射60 min，0.67 L/g 10%Cd0.5Zn0.5S/MoO3对MO的降解率达到98.0%，反应速率常数为0.06725 min-1，分别为MoO3和Cd0.5Zn0.5S 光降解MO的169倍和31倍。     

BiOI/ZIF-8复合材料的制备及光催化性能

利用低温液相沉淀法制备BiOI/ZIF-8复合光催化剂,同时研究ZIF-8复合量对催化活性和反应动力学的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等研究手段对样品进行表征.通过在可见光下降解甲基橙(MO),对其光催化性能进行评价.结果 表明,BiOI/ZIF-8复合光催化剂具有较好的光催化性能,并且当复合量为3％时复合材料光催化降解性能最好,可见光照射60 min后对质量浓度为40 mg/L的MO溶液的降解率达到99.5％.     

两步法制备亚胺类COF-Re及其光催化应用研究

采用两步法制备亚胺类COF-Re光催化剂，利用SEM、XRD和TGA等手段对COF-Re进行表征，并通过光催化降解甲基橙(MO)评价其光催化性能。结果表明，COF-Re具有良好的结晶度、规整的形貌和高比表面积。COF-Re质量浓度为150 mg/L、初始pH为4.5、模拟可见光照射120 min时，MO降解率达到98.1%。COF-Re重复使用3次，MO降解率仍达到88.5%,表现出较高的催化活性。降解机理研究表明，·O^-₂是降解MO的主要活性物质。     

还原石墨烯/硫化镉纳米棒复合材料制备及其光催化性能

为调控硫化镉尺寸和形貌,采用水热法合成了还原型氧化石墨烯/硫化镉纳米棒(RGO/Cd S)复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法对产物进行了表征。通过调节硫化镉颗粒成核和生长速度,在乙二胺溶剂中水热合成了结构规整的硫化镉纳米棒及与石墨烯的复合材料。紫外分析表明,RGO/Cd S禁带宽度为2.81 e V。光催化降解实验表明,RGO/Cd S对甲基橙具有良好的光催化降解作用,当甲基橙溶液质量浓度为20 mg/L、RGO/Cd S用量为0.2%(质量分数)时,在可见光下反应480 min,甲基橙降解率可达96.3%。RGO/Cd S在光催化氧化处理废水领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶剂热法制备了坡缕石/Al掺杂CdS复合材料(PGS/CdS-Al),运用XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS及PL对材料的结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征.结果表明,Al元素成功掺杂到CdS中,CdS的晶体结构没有改变,但其禁带宽带变宽.可见光照射下,该复合材料对孔雀石绿、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙、结晶紫、罗丹明B有机染料均有光催化降解活性,且对罗丹明B的光催化降解效果最好.光照40 min,质量浓度为0.67 g/L 15％PGS/CdS-Al(15％为PGS的负载量,以生成的CdS质量计)对30 mL质量浓度为20 mg/L罗丹明B的降解率为98.7％,反应主要活性基团是h+.该降解反应符合一级动力学,反应速率常数为0.067 min–1.     

水热法制备Bi2MoO6/埃洛石复合光催化剂及其性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2 O和(NH4)6 Mo7 O24·4H2 O分别作铋源和钼源,加入尿素作pH调节剂,采用水热法制备了Bi2MoO6/埃洛石(Bi2MoO6/Hal)复合光催化剂,以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为目标降解物,在氙灯照射下研究了Bi2 MoO6/Hal复合材料的光催化性能及埃洛石对提升Bi2 MoO6降解污染物能力的作用,并利用XRD和TEM方法对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明,在水热温度140℃条件下制得的Bi2 MoO6/Hal复合光催化剂具有良好结晶性和特殊的二维层状/一维管状结构,Hal能显著提升Bi2 MoO6的光催化降解能力,光照180 min,复合材料对浓度为20 mg/ L、25 mg/ L 和30 mg/ L 的MB 溶液降解率分别为100％ 、95.1％ 和87.3％.     

ZnSn(OH)_6/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用水热法制备出Zn Sn(OH)6/石墨烯复合光催化材料,利用XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis DRS和BET对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物考察了复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,当石墨烯质量分数为3%时,Zn Sn(OH)6/石墨烯复合材料的光催化性能最优,紫外照射100 min后,对亚甲基蓝降解率达到98.1%,比纯Zn Sn(OH)6光催化活性提高了1.74倍。经过5次循环使用后依然有96.4%的降解率。Zn Sn(OH)6/石墨烯复合光催化材料对工业染料分散黄、活性红和酸性蓝也有很好的降解活性,说明Zn Sn(OH)6/石墨烯复合材料具有很好的普适性。     

Bi2S3/CNFs复合材料制备及其光催化性能

采用水热法制备硫化铋(Bi2S3)和活性纳米碳纤维掺杂硫化铋复合材料(Bi2S3/CNFs),以降解水溶液中甲硝唑(MTZ)抗生素.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、FTIR、XPS、UV-Vis和PL等对样品的晶型、形貌、结构、元素组成、表面官能团、光学性质进行了表征.结果表明,活性纳米碳纤维(CNFs)引入Bi2S3中,可降低光生电子-空穴对的复合速率,提高其光催化活性.在可见光照射下,考察了Bi2S3/CNFs复合材料光催化降解MTZ的活性,发现CNFs掺量为47％(以Bi2S3质量计,下同)、MTZ质量浓度为10 mg/L,复合材料用量为60 mg时,Bi2S3/CNFs复合材料光催化性能优异,在3 h内,MTZ的降解率为92％.Bi2S3/CNFs复合材料在3次循环后也表现出良好的稳定性和可回收性.活性基团捕获实验表明,羟基自由基(?OH)、光生空穴(h+)和超氧自由基(?O2–)参与了Bi2S3/CNFs对MTZ的降解,而?OH和h+是该体系的主要活性组分,并在此基础上初步探讨了光催化反应机理.     

Studies on the photocatalytic kinetics of acetophenone degraded with home-made anatase TiO2

研究了在不同反应条件下以自制锐钛矿型的掺铁TiO2晶体粉末对苯乙酮的光催化降解的动力学过程.结果表明:可见光照射下,在苯乙酮溶液质量浓度为0.8 g/L、溶液调节为碱性(pH≥10)、自制TiO2催化剂(掺摩尔分数为5％的Fe3+)的质量浓度为1.6 g/L、室温的条件下,苯乙酮的光催化降解的表观反应速率常数k最大,拟合可见光下铁掺杂TiO2,降解苯乙酮为一级反应.     

Piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramics Textured Using Needlelike K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Templates

Improved performance by texturing has become attractive in the field of lead‐free ferroelectrics, but the effect depends heavily on the degree of texture, type of preferred orientation, and whether the material is a rotator or extender ferroelectric. Here, we report on successful texturing of K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) ceramics by alignment of needlelike KNN templates in a matrix of KNN powder using tape casting. Homotemplated grain growth of the needles was confirmed during sintering, resulting in a high degree of texture parallel to the tape casting direction (TCD) and the aligned needles. The texture significantly improved the piezoelectric response parallel to the tape cast direction, corresponding to the direction of the strongest <001>_pc orientation, while the response normal to the tape cast plane was lower than for a nontextured KNN. In situ X‐ray diffraction during electric field application revealed that non‐180° domain reorientation was enhanced by an order of magnitude in the TCD, compared to the direction normal to the tape cast plane and in the nontextured ceramic. The effect of texture in KNN is discussed with respect to possible rotator ferroelectric properties of KNN.     

四元复合氧化物La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)O_3的抗硫性能

以SO2 为毒物 ,采用脉冲中毒方法 ,再以CO氧化反应为探针 ,对三元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5NiO3 与La0 .5Sr0 .5CuO3 以及四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5Ni0 .5Cu0 .5O3 等三种催化剂样品的抗硫毒能力、失活曲线、中毒催化剂的再生性能以及毒物残留形态等进行了全面考察和对比分析。实验结果表明四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5Ni0 .5Cu0 .5O3 在SO2 毒物含量是 1 2 2×10 -2 mmol时 ,特别是在高温 (≥ 30 0℃ )条件下 ,具有优异的抗硫性能     

Thermally-stable large strain in Bi(Mn0.5Ti0.5)O3 modified 0.8Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.2Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 ceramics

(1-x)[0.8Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.2Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃]-xBi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ (x = 0–0.06, BNKMT100x) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics were prepared via solid state reaction method. Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ induces a structure transition from rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phases to pseudo-cubic phase. Moreover, the wide range of compositions within x = 0.03–0.055 exhibit large strain of 0.31%–0.41% and electrostrictive coefficient of 0.027–0.041 m⁴/C². Especially, at x = 0.04, the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient are nearly temperature-independent in the range of 25–100 °C. The impedance analysis shows the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient originate from polar nanoregions response due to the addition of Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBa0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6(0≤x≤1.0％)(简称(1-x)NBT-xBSN)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BSN含量(x=0,0.1％,0.3％,0.5％,0.7％,1.0％,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为纯钙钛矿结构,随掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷的相对密度pr、压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp均先增大后降低,机械品质因子Qm和退极化温度Td则逐渐下降.该体系陶瓷具有弥散相变特征,弥散指数介于1.6～1.7.当x=0.5％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=92pC/N,kp=0.164,Qm=89,εr=650,tanδ=5.47％,pr=96.5％.     

Near-infrared emitting CdTe0.5Se0.5/Cd0.5Zn0.5S quantum dots: synthesis and bright luminescence

We present how CdTe_0.5Se_0.5 cores can be coated with Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S shells at relatively low temperature (around 200°C) via facile synthesis using organic ammine ligands. The cores were firstly fabricated via a less toxic procedure using CdO, trioctylphosphine (TOP), Se, Te, and trioctylamine. The cores with small sizes (3.2-3.5 nm) revealed green and yellow photoluminescence (PL) and spherical morphologies. Hydrophobic core/shell CdTe_0.5Se_0.5/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S quantum dots (QDs) with tunable PL between green and near-infrared (a maximum PL peak wavelength of 735 nm) were then created through a facile shell coating procedure using trioctylphosphine selenium with cadmium and zinc acetate. The QDs exhibited high PL efficiencies up to 50% because of the formation of a protective Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S shell on the CdTe_0.5Se_0.5 core, even though the PL efficiency of the cores is low (≤1%). Namely, the slow growth process of the shell plays an important role for getting high PL efficiencies. The properties of the QDs are largely determined by the properties of CdTe_0.5Se_0.5 cores and shells preparation conditions such as reaction temperature and time. The core/shell QDs exhibited a small size diameter. For example, the average diameter of the QDs with a PL peak wavelength of 735 nm is 6.1 nm. Small size and tunable bright PL makes the QDs utilizable as bioprobes because the size of QD-based bioprobes is considered as the major limitation for their broad applications in biological imaging.     

K0.5Na0.5NbO3-BaCu0.5W0.5O3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与性能

以传统固相法工艺制备(1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBaCu0.5W0.5O3[(1-x)KNN-xBCW]无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BCW掺量(x=0％,0.1％,0.25％,0.5％,1.0％,摩尔分数,下同)对KNN陶瓷的晶体结构和电性能的影响,结果表明:x＜0.5％时,KNN陶瓷的相结构没有改变,仍为正交相...     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷的极化工艺研究

主要研究了极化电场,极化时间和极化温度等工艺参数对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3系无铅压电陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响。结果表明:极化电场和极化温度对压电陶瓷的介电、压电性能影响较大,而极化时间则影响较小。适宜的极化电场是3～3.5kV/mm,极化温度70～80℃,极化时间为10～15min。     

CeO2掺杂钛酸铋钠钾陶瓷的制备工艺与介电性能

为了进一步探索合成工艺对钛酸铋钠系无铅材料的结构及介电特性的影响,本文以甘氨酸为燃料,利用固相-燃烧法制备了CeO2掺杂的Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 (BNKT)陶瓷.XRD表明,在固相合成工艺中引入燃烧法制备BNKT陶瓷,比传统固相法降低预烧温度150 ℃,掺杂的CeO2扩散进入了BNKT钙钛矿的晶格,且当掺杂量为0%~0.3%时,形成纯的钙钛矿相结构;SEM表明,CeO2掺杂使晶粒尺寸趋于平均,对晶粒生长有抑制作用;介电温谱表明,随着CeO2掺杂量增加,介电常数εr和退极化温度Td、相转变温度Tm降低,介电反常峰逐渐弱化,且室温至300 ℃,介电损耗tanδ始终在0.3%以下,并从微结构缺陷空位形成机制角度,结合铁电畴壁运动状态,分析讨论了对材料介电特性的作用规律.     

Raman spectroscopy of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

We have measured the Raman spectra of bismuth sodium titanate in its rhombohedral, tetragonal, and cubic phases, with special attention paid to the phase transitions at 584K and 837K (heating). Both transitions appear to be order-disorder and strongly first order, with large thermal hysteresis. The phonon spectra at temperature slightly below the tetragonal phase are remarkably similar to BaTiO₃ with A₁(To) modes at 130, 269, and 541 cm^-1 (compared with 170, 270, 520 cm^-1 in BaTiO₃) and an E(TO) at 52 cm^-1.     

Characterization of multiferroic PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 and PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 ceramics derived from citrate polymeric precursors

Ceramics of the perovskite multiferroics PbFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ (PFN) and PbFe_0.5Ta_0.5O₃ (PFT) were synthesized from new citrate polymeric precursors. X-ray tests pointed to trace amounts of the pyrochlore phase. SEM studies revealed the heterogeneous grain size distribution for PFN and the homogeneous one for PFT. Dielectric studies pointed to one diffuse T-C phase transition at 378 K for PFN and two diffuse M-T and T-C phase transitions, at 200 and 235 K, for PFT, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of PFN reveal that all ions exist in one valence state, however, with two chemical shifts for Pb²⁺. Two valence states for the majority of ions of PFT seem to be connected with a higher volume fraction of the amorphous grain-boundary phase. The electronic energy band gap for both compounds is approximately 2.8 eV. Two magnetic transitions, ie, from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase and then to the spin-glass phase, were observed at 156 and 10 K for PFN, and at 145 and 15 K for PFT, respectively.