显微组织对X80管线钢力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜研究了20 mm厚度X80管线钢显微组织类型对强韧性的影响。结果表明:显微组织为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体时,钢的屈服强度达到512MPa;针状铁素体的晶粒细化、粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体可以使X80管线钢具有更高的屈服强度,达到600MPa。细小而均匀的粒状贝氏体可以获得良好的冲击韧性。掺杂在一起的细小的针状铁素体、准多边形铁素体、粒状贝氏体促使裂纹扩展路径曲折,改善冲击韧性。     

TMCP生产低碳贝氏体钢中微合金化元素的作用机理研究

采用金相、透射电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDX)等分析手段研究了TMCP工艺生产的微合金化高强钢Q690钢的组织、第二相析出物,并在此基础上分析了其强化机理.发现钢板表面组织主要为板条贝氏体、少量粒状贝氏体以及针状铁素体,心部组织主要由粒状贝氏体和多边形铁素体构成;第二相析出物主要是铌钛的碳氮化物,尺寸在20 nm左右,弥散分布在基体上,多呈方形或类方形;硼主要以酸溶硼的形式存在,明显提高了钢的淬透性.Q690钢的强化机制主要是贝氏体相变强化、细晶强化和第二相析出强化,而这都与钢中微合金化元素的作用有关.     

钒对高强度汽车大梁钢组织细化的影响

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射技术等手段研究V对700 MPa级高强度汽车大梁钢组织细化的影响.在冷却速度2~7℃·s-1时,显微组织为针状铁素体＋粒状贝氏体组织.V添加提高粒状贝氏体体积分数,细化粒状贝氏体组织,并明显降低粒状贝氏体中M/A岛的尺寸.与无V钢相比,含V钢中大角度晶界比例提高18.2%,对提高钢的韧性有利.由于C含量过低,在实验钢中未观察到单独的VC析出,由此推测V主要固溶在基体中,以合金化方式促进钢的贝氏体相变,使组织得到有效细化.      

X70管线钢微观组织结构对落锤性能的影响

结合12～33mm厚X70管线钢落锤试验结果,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究和分析不同厚度落锤试样的组织演变规律及组织对落锤性能的影响。结果表明：随着钢板厚度的增加,钢的组织由彼此交织在一起的针状铁素体、多边形铁素体/准多边形铁素体演变成粒状贝氏体＋少量针状铁素体/多边形铁素体,碳化物的析出数量和析出尺寸随之增加。具有交织在一起的非等轴状AF＋PF/QF混合组织的试样落锤性能优于以晶粒粗大粒状贝氏体为基体组织的试样的落锤性能。通过控制M/A岛形态和分布可以提高钢的落锤性能。     

中温压力容器用钢15CrMoR焊接接头组织与性能研究

对60 mm厚度中温压力容器用钢15CrMoR进行埋弧焊接(SAW)试验，研究钢板焊态和焊后热处理态焊接接头的组织及性能。结果表明：焊态和焊后热处理态焊缝的组织均为针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体+先共析铁素体，粗晶区组织均为贝氏体，而细晶区组织稍有差别，其中，焊态细晶区组织为粒状贝氏体+铁素体+珠光体，焊后热处理态细晶区组织为粒状贝氏体，热处理前、后显微组织无显著变化。性能指标说明15CrMoR钢焊缝处强度高于母材，焊后热处理提高了焊接接头的低温冲击性能，降低了焊接接头硬度，具有较低的冷裂纹倾向，可焊性更好。     

高钢级管线钢的组织特征和强韧性

背散射(EBSD)和扫描(SEM)电子显微镜及力学性能试验表明,微合金化X70、X80和X100管线钢的组织由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和少量下贝氏体组成;随钢的有效晶粒尺寸降低、贝氏体含量增加以及组织均匀性提高,高钢级管线钢的强韧性明显增加。     

NM400耐磨钢连续冷却过程相变研究

利用MMS-200热模拟试验机研究了NM400耐磨钢奥氏体化后连续冷却转变规律,当冷却速度1℃/s时,组织为先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体;1~3℃/s时,B+F;3~5℃/s时,针状贝氏体和少量M组织;5~10℃/s时,M+B;10℃/s以上时,组织为板条马氏体(含少量RA)。在CCT曲线中,相变区域主要分为3部分:铁素体区、贝氏体区、马氏体区。随冷却速度的增加,晶粒随之变细,合金元素使CCT曲线右移,降低了NM400耐磨钢的临界冷却速度。     

增氮对钒微合金钢组织和性能的影响

 通过对不同钒、氮质量分数的试验钢进行热模拟压缩试验和实验室轧制试验,用OM、SEM和TEM分析试验钢的显微组织,研究增氮对钒微合金钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,普通钒微合金钢为板条贝氏体＋粒状贝氏体组织,增加氮质量分数,可促进晶内铁素体相变,得到针状铁素体组织,使M/A组织细化且弥散分布,改善韧性;而增加钒质量分数,可以增加析出强化作用,提高强度,但组织形态无明显变化,不能提高韧性。增氮钢中的钒在奥氏体内以VN析出,低氮钢内的钒在铁素体内以VC的形式析出,奥氏体-铁素体、VC-铁素体和VN-铁素体的平面点阵错配度分别为6.72%、3.89% 和 1.55%,在奥氏体内析出的VN可以作为铁素体的优先形核位置,促进晶内铁素体相变。     

10MnMoNiNb钢形变奥氏体连续冷却相变规律和显微组织

在Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ１５００热模拟机上,利用热膨胀法建立了１０ＭｎＭｏＮｉＮｂ钢在８００℃变形５０％后的连续冷却相变曲线（动态ＣＣＴ曲线）,并采用光学金相和ＴＥＭ方法分析了在不同冷速条件下,形变奥氏体的相变产物。结果表明,钢的相变组织主要由冷速决定,快冷显著抑制先共析铁素体相变,中温相变产物为贝氏体组织,其中贝氏体铁素体为针状铁素体和粒状铁素体,均含有较高密度的位错和Ｍ／Ａ岛状组织,并且在中温转变时无明显的碳化物生成。     

低碳中锰无缝钢管组织转变规律研究

文章以低碳中锰钢为研究对象,利用FORMASTOR-F全自动相变仪,测定了试验钢连续冷却转变的CCT曲线.结果表明:冷却速度为0.1～0.5℃/s时,室温组织为先共析铁素体+珠光体;冷却速度为1～2℃/s时,出现粒状贝氏体,室温组织为铁素体+珠光体+粒状贝氏体;当冷速为5～10℃/s时,贝氏体逐渐向马氏体转变,马氏体不断增加,室温下为马氏体+贝氏体混合组织;当冷速大于10.0℃/s,室温下为马氏体组织.为热处理工艺的制定提供了参考依据.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.