Optical Signal Processing by Phase Modulation and Subsequent Spectral Filtering Aiming at Applications to Ultrafast Optical Communication Systems

This paper describes optical signal processing based on optical phase modulation and subsequent optical filtering, which is applicable to 160-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) subsystems. Ultrafast phase modulation of an optical signal is done by self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) when an optical pulse passes through a nonlinear optical fiber. Such phase modulation induces the spectral shift of the optical signal. Various types of optical signal processing are realized simply by filtering out the spectral-shifted component. Using SPM-based pulse reshaping in a 500-m-long silica-based highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), we demonstrate highly stable generation of a 10-GHz 2-ps optical pulse train tunable over the entire C band. A phase-locked loop (PLL) can suppress the slow phase drift of the output pulse train induced by fluctuations of the nonlinear fiber length, enabling the application of the pulse generator to a 160-Gb/s OTDM transmitter. Based on XPM in a 2-m-long photonic crystal fiber, optical time-division demultiplexing of 160-Gb/s optical signals is demonstrated. The long-term stability is drastically improved as compared with the device composed of a conventional silica-based HNLF, because the short fiber length reduces the phase fluctuation between the signal and control pulses. Instead of nonlinear fibers, an electrooptic modulator such as a (LN) modulator also performs the phase modulation in a more practical manner. We propose and demonstrate an optoelectronic time-division demultiplexing scheme for a 160-Gb/s OTDM signal, which consists of an LN phase modulator driven by a 40-GHz electrical clock and an optical bandpass filter (BPF). We also demonstrate base-clock recovery from a 160-Gb/s optical signal with an optoelectronic PLL. The phase comparator is simply composed of an LN phase modulator and an optical BPF, ensuring the stable and reliable operation in the 160-Gb/s receiver.     

纳秒级周期脉冲信号检测方法的研究

针对数字信号处理器(DSP)的高速低耗、实时性好的特点,运用混沌测量原理构建了一个特定的混沌系统用于检测纳秒级周期脉冲信号。此系统将不稳定的混沌状态到稳定的大尺度周期状态的跃迁作为检测周期性高速脉冲信号的依据,将待测信号作为影响Duffing振子周期的摄动源设计成混沌检测系统,并根据系统的运动状态(大尺度周期运动态或噪声混沌态)检测高速脉冲信号的幅值与频率。理论分析和实验均表明该检测系统能实时有效地检测出脉冲信号及其特性。     

基于三路脉冲信号极性鉴别技术的l10kV XLPE电缆局放检测技术

提出并研究了对高压电缆中间接头和电缆本体局部放电检测的三路脉冲信号极性鉴别技术,给出了局部放电信号在不同方向上的传播极性规律。利用三个传感器进行信号极性鉴别,判定放电源来源方向,最后用试验进行了验证,并在实际线路上进行了实测,证明了该技术的适用性。     

Subharmonic synchronous mode-locking of a monolithic semiconductorlaser operating at millimeter-wave frequencies

Optical pulse trains at millimeter-wave frequencies are generated by subharmonic synchronous mode-locking of a monolithic distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor laser, by which an initially passively mode-locked semiconductor laser is stabilized by injecting optical pulses at subharmonic frequencies of its resonant frequency. The stabilized pulse trains are characterized in terms of phase noise, timing jitter, locking range and modulation depth under various injection conditions including injected signal power levels, pulsewidths, and subharmonic numbers. It is also shown that subharmonic synchronous mode-locking can provide pulse trains with a very low level of phase noise (⩽-86 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz offset), reasonably wide locking ranges (4-20 MHz) and low levels of amplitude modulation (96%-99%). Such pulse characteristics are compared with those achieved by the subharmonic hybrid mode-locking scheme, where stabilization is realized by injecting electrical signals at subharmonic frequencies of the laser's resonant frequency. It is shown that subharmonic hybrid mode-locking is only effective at low subharmonic numbers (2-6), while subharmonic synchronous mode-locking can be realized with much larger subharmonic numbers. It is also revealed from the comparison that while subharmonic hybrid mode-locking scheme is simple and cost-effective approach for the generation of high-frequency signals from semiconductor lasers, subharmonic synchronous mode-locking scheme can offer pulse trains using very low-frequency driving electronics with superior performance such as larger locking ranges, and lower levels of phase noise and amplitude modulation     

基于高速数字电路的PD UHF信号纳秒级陡脉冲源研制

超高频法是目前电力设备局部放电在线监测广泛使用的监测方法,超高频电磁信号的定量、定位研究需要稳定可靠的UHF信号模拟发生装置,针对这一现实需求,文章设计了一种基于数字电路的纳秒级脉冲源,用于产生PD UHF模拟信号。文章详细分析了利用数字电路产生陡脉冲的原理,选用简单的高速逻辑器件构建了脉冲发生电路,并采用虚拟仪器产生频率可变的方波信号作为脉冲源的触发信号。用Pspice仿真分析了门电路的脉冲响应特性,并搭建了试验电路进行性能测试。实验结果表明,该脉冲源产生的陡脉冲信号幅值可达2 V,脉冲重复率为50 k Hz-20 MHz,上升陡度为1 ns,脉宽为3 ns,能有效模拟PD UHF信号,并进行相关的局部放电实验。     

一种电能质量分析仪谐波无缝采样分析检定方法

提出检定电能质量分析仪中无缝采样谐波分析的一种工程实用方法。通过对无缝采样测量与各种间隔采样测量的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）频率分量的差异性分析,提出聚集算法的检定模式;考虑实验室现有设备条件及被检仪器各种因素影响,选用特定的调制谐波作为检定波形,根据调制波高电平持续时间确定被检定电能质量分析仪3s内采样中断次数,提出差异比对的检定方法。另外,为了操作方便,还设计了基于虚拟仪器LabVIEW的检定系统。由计算机来控制检定信号的设置与发射,提高实际检定的效率。通过实验验证了该检定方法的有效性,并证实了该系统检定的准确性。     

交流局部放电宽带检测与分析仪的研制

笔者系统地介绍了基于Measurement Studio软件平台研制的一种新型交流局部放电宽带检测与分析仪.其主要包括利用NI5112高速示波采集卡和前置信号处理单元实现的采样率为100 MS/s、模拟宽带为10 kHz～40 MHz的局部放电脉冲宽带检测技术,和基于脉冲波形时频特征的脉冲群实用快速分类技术以及基于PR...     

Techniques for Polarization-Independent Cross-Phase Modulation in Nonlinear Birefringent Fibers

We present a theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation of the polarization dependence of cross-phase modulation in nonlinear birefringent fibers. Two new methods are described for producing a polarization-independent spectral shift through cross-phase modulation of a weak probe signal by a copropagating strong optical pulse. The birefringence of the fiber and spectral separation between the pump and probe signals are shown to play a critical role in determining the polarization dependence of the cross-phase modulation process. The methods are experimentally verified in two different highly nonlinear fibers, and are used to achieve polarization-independent optical switching at speeds of up to 160 Gb/s.     

大功率IGBT模块并联动态均流研究

绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor）的并联组合作为电感储能型脉冲功率系统中的主断路开关,就会在关断大电流时出现各并联模块的动态不均流现象。工程应用中,各IGBT模块门极驱动信号的不同步是导致该不均流的主要原因。文章分别就栅极电阻补偿法和脉冲变压器法对驱动信号的同步性补偿作用进行了理论研究和两个IGBT模块并联均流的实验验证,结果表明两种方法均可以达到很好的动态均流效果。然后在对比分析两种方法的基础上提出了利用脉冲变压器级联可以实现多个IGBT模块并联驱动信号的补偿,通过计算机辅助设计软件PSPICE仿真验证了该方法在三个IGBT模块并联使用时的有效性。     

基于EMD的电弧反射电缆故障测距脉冲信号提取方法

电弧反射法(ARM)电缆故障测距脉冲信号受故障电弧电压的干扰,故障反射脉冲不易识别,无法满足故障定位要求。分析了干扰产生的原因和受扰脉冲信号的特性,通过经验模态分解(EMD)分析了受扰脉冲信号的时频分布规律。论证了根据受扰脉冲信号特定时段均值特性可以对脉冲信号和干扰进行分离。据此提出基于受扰脉冲信号特定时段均值特性和EMD滤波的ARM脉冲信号提取算法。该方法不需要预定义信号分解层数和基函数,完全由数据驱动实现,因而具有较好的自适应能力。实测数据处理结果验证了算法的有效性。     

局部放电超高频检测抗干扰与多源放电信号分离方法

变电站的电磁环境复杂,存在大量处于超高频(ultrahigh-frequency,UHF)段内的通讯干扰信号及设备外部的脉冲型干扰信号,导致难以对局部放电故障现场检测结果进行准确的诊断。针对局部放电UHF检测中的抗干扰问题,提出了一种基于波形互相关分析、噪声传感器及幅比聚类分析的局部放电UHF综合抗干扰技术,试验证明这种抗干扰技术可有效排除通讯干扰、设备外部脉冲型干扰,并实现设备内部多放电源辐射的超高频信号的分离与识别,提高局部放电检测与诊断的有效性与准确性。     

有限时域差分法对GIS局部放电传播的分析

用特高频法测量GIS局部放电所面临的困难是无法标定出视在放电量,并且也无法确定何种因素影响特高频传感器输出信号的强弱.针对上述问题,利用同轴波导模拟GIS腔体结构,并应用有限时域差分法对局部放电辐射的电磁波在波导内传播情况进行仿真.通过仿真数据分析,找出对特高频信号能量产生影响的多种因素,如：放电位置,波导尺寸,放电电流幅值和放电源的脉冲形状.从而阐明了特高频输出信号能量与原始放电脉冲的关系,为进一步探讨GIS放电量特高频标定打下基础.     

快速空间电荷测量用高压高频脉冲源的研究

采用电声脉冲法测量空间电荷时需要对试样施加脉冲激励,使试样中的空间电荷发生微弱位移产生机械波。为了获得足够高的信噪比,必须连续采集多个信号进行平均处理,对于多数测试系统平均次数至少需要40次。测量一次所需时间为脉冲频率和平均次数的乘积,因此脉冲源的频率决定了测量的速度。基于高压固体开关设计了高压高频脉冲源,可产生半峰宽5 ns至380 ns的窄脉冲,兼具连续脉冲模式和脉冲簇模式,脉冲重复频率可达3 k Hz,在脉冲簇模式下脉冲间隔最小为1μs,输出脉冲幅值最大为2.5 k V。经设备校验可知脉冲源可有效提高空间电荷测试速度,并适用于交流甚至任意波形下的空间电荷测试。     

High‐repetition‐frequency short pulses in a VHF discharge‐excited slab‐type carbon dioxide laser using an ultrasonic vibrator

We propose a novel method for producing high‐repetition‐frequency short pulses with a halved confocal configuration consisting of an unstable concave–convex resonator in a very high frequency (VHF) discharge‐excited slab‐type carbon dioxide laser. This method utilizes a fully reflective concave mirror with variable curvature which can be controlled by a piezoelectric device. In general, slab lasers are modulated directly by varying the pulse voltage. However, because plasma fluctuation occurs at the pulse transitions, the repetition frequency is less than 10 kHz and the minimum pulse width is 1 µs. On the other hand, in our method there is no disturbance of the plasma, because the power source is not modulated. There is also little mechanical constraint, because we use a piezoelectric device. As a result, pulse shortening with a high repetition rate is possible. The pulse shape is well reproduced by a three‐level rate equation. The mechanism of the method involves changes in ejection efficiency with periodic variation of the radius of curvature of the mirror. Good agreement between observations and calculations was also obtained for the peak power and the pulse width. In this paper we compare measurements with calculations. The possibility of achieving high repetition rate oscillation and pulse shortening by this method is examined. The results confirm the possibility of achieving a repetition frequency between 1.4 kHz and 170 kHz. The shortest pulse width that can be achieved is 160 nanoseconds. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(3): 1–7, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10127     

油中局部放电检测脉冲电流法与超高频法比较

为了研究局部放电检测中超高频法参量与脉冲电流法参量之间的关系,比较分析了局部放电检测中超高频法和脉冲电流法在原理上的区别。利用脉冲电流法和超高频法对油纸绝缘的几种典型模型下的局部放电活动同时进行测量,比较分析同一模型下的局部放电中超高频法参量与脉冲电流法参量之间的关系并探讨了局部放电检测中脉冲电流法对超高频法的标定问题。研究表明,在反映放电活动强弱上,超高频法的参量和脉冲电流法的参量之间有着相同的变化趋势,但是二者之间不存在直接的线性关系。     

基于ALTPLL的水声测量用相位计设计

以ALTERA公司的FPGA为核心,设计了一种水声测量用高精度的相位计。相位差的测量基于过零鉴相法,即利用过零比较器将2路同频正弦信号整成脉冲信号,然后通过测量两路脉冲信号的周期和上升沿之间的时间差来测量相位差。本文特色在于2路脉冲信号上升沿之间的时间差测量利用了ALTERA公司FPGA中集成的锁相环模块ALTPLL,该模块可以输出多路具有固定相位偏移的系统时钟信号,时间差测量时实际使用的时基信号为其中上升沿最接近待测信号上升沿和下降沿的2路系统时钟信号,从而降低了计数法测量时间间隔的±1误差。实验结果表明利用该方法可以将水声测量领域的相位差测量不确定度降低到0.1度。     

基于小波变换的脉搏信号特征提取

提出了一种适合于非平稳脉搏信号的特征提取方法。对在校学生和血管硬化患者两组各20例的脉搏信号进行分析,选择了具有多分辨分析特性的小波变换,分别对每例信号进行5层分解,提取出各尺度小波系数。根据小波系数与信号能量之间的等价关系,将归一化的各尺度小波系数能量值作为识别脉搏信号的特征向量。针对脉搏信号频谱特点并结合实验数据,改进了现有的能量特征提取算法。在样本有限的情况下,通过统计分析得出可以用改进的能量特征向量来区分心血管疾病患者和正常人群的结论。     

局部放电脉冲信号ICA提取技术的初步研究

为了提高局部放电在线监测的灵敏度,根据独立成分分析(ICA)基本模型的定义,提出将背景噪声信号与局放脉冲信号看成两个相互独立的信号源,不同观测点获取的观测信号为两者的线性混合,从而可以实现两者的分离的方法。利用ActiveX自动化技术实现了可用于局放脉冲信号提取的ICA软件模块;基于双通道超宽带检测技术,对加噪后的直流下油纸绝缘针板缺陷模型的局放脉冲序列提取进行了试验研究并且利用峭度准则与试验电压极性相结合的方法消除了局放脉冲提取的ICA含混性问题。实验结果表明:该方法能够提取被背景噪声完全淹没的脉冲信号,可以恢复出单个局放脉冲波形、脉冲波形之间的相对幅值关系以及脉冲极值所对应的时间点等重要局部放电信号信息。     

局部放电脉冲的Wigner时频分布特性研究

为了提高时频分布的分析精度和有效性,笔者根据局部放电脉冲信号的非平稳特性,提出使用联合时频分布对其进行处理,从而分析脉冲信号的时频特性。针对目前在非平稳信号处理中广泛使用、属于Cohen类的Wigner-Ville分布(WVD),笔者以仿真脉冲为对象,分别研究了其原始WVD、平滑伪Wigner分布(SPWVD)以及重排平滑伪Wigner分布(RSPWVD)。分析结果表明:WVD能够对局部放电脉冲信号引发的短时变化具有高度的敏感性,更适合表征非平稳信号的时变信息;SPWVD能消除双线性函数引起的交叉干扰项,但是以牺牲分布的时频分辨率为代价的;RSPWVD具有很好的时频聚集性,易于提取单个脉冲波形的时频特征参数,从而用于放电类型的模式识别以及深入研究绝缘系统中的局部放电机理。     

A Wearable Respiration and Pulse Monitoring System Based on PVDF Piezoelectric Film

A novel wearable sensor system was developed for monitoring respiration and pulse using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric films as sensor materials. Due to the different signal intensity between respiration and pulse, a “double-sided arch” structure and a “thin-shell” structure were designed and fabricated as substrates for the respiratory sensor and pulse sensor, respectively. These sensors installed on belts can be easily tied on the chest, abdomen, or wrist for comfortable fit. In order to obtain clear respiratory and pulse signals from the sensor patch, some high-quality signal processing modules were designed. The digital signals were transmitted to a computer via Bluetooth and displayed by LabVIEW software. The fundamental principle and functional verification of the developed sensor system were described in this study. By comparing the sensor signals from the proposed structure with those of flat structure, it can be concluded that the proposed sensor is more sensitive and stable than its flat counterpart. In addition, the whole sensor system has the features of ease of use and comfortable to wear. All these make the proposed sensor system a promising sensing device for respiration and pulse real time monitoring.