俄罗斯科学家发明使用微生物净化受石油污染土壤的新方法

俄罗斯彼尔姆国立科技大学的科研人员发明了借助红球菌属细菌净化受石油污染土壤的新方法。在彼尔姆州，由于大量开采石油，部分地区土壤受污染程度非常严重，地下水系也受到了严重威胁。科学家们经多年研究，发现了红球菌属细菌（Rhodococcus）对所有类型的石油碳氢化合物（从气态到固态）具有非常好的降解作用，它们甚至可以将粘稠的重油分解成具有表面活性的物质。     

印制电路板的清洗技术(二)

清洗印制电路板的传统方法是用有机溶剂清洗，由CFC-113与少量乙醇(或异丙醇)组成的混合有机溶剂对松香助焊剂的残留物有很好的清洗能力，这种有机溶剂对极性污垢和非极性污垢都有很好的溶解能力，但由于CFC-113对大气臭氧层有破坏作用，目前已被禁止使用，目前可选用     

光纤化学传感器监测石油污染

地表主要污染源之一为石油产品的存贮及配送设施。汽油、柴油、煤油及飞机燃料等均存贮在地面或地下油罐中，全世界这类油罐数以百万计而且大多数都使用了数十年，有可能产生泄漏。这种泄漏常常是缓慢的，大多数常规手段无法立即探查到。例如地面油罐的液面测量就没有效果，因为缓慢泄漏造成的变化与整个油罐容积相比微不足道，难以察觉。但是长期缓慢泄漏污染了地下及油罐周围的土壤，甚至使土壤饱和并污染了地下水。许多地区都已报道过大型油罐场下面的地下水面漂浮着数英尺的石油产品。以往检测水中的碳氢化合物是在现场或实验室对采样进…     

超声去除土壤中石油污染物的效果

土壤被石油污染之后,使得地里的植物不容易生长的很好,在他们之间存在食物的关系,这就会让人类的身体状况受到影响,所以,我们要实施有用的方法去进行治理。目前,根据研究数据统计,通过超声处理的办法来加强石油的污染物把土壤表面的污染物解决吸收,在超声的功率越来越强下,使得黏土的颗粒所吸附的稠油的数量就会减少,尤其是超声空化的作用,能够把土壤中所残存的油族等组分给去掉,其结果很是显著。     

用染料激光系统探测土壤污染

用染料激光系统探测土壤污染一种用於现场探测土壤和地下水中石油碳氢化合物的快速筛选仪器（ＲＯＳＴ）系统（以染料激光为基础的仪器），将可消除钻孔和取样的麻烦，用这种仪器可以通过激光感生荧光法就地探测石油碳氢化合物的污染。在普通取样法中，一般要化几千美元钻...     

现代数字石油矿区的构建与创新

为了更有效的提高储量和产量，同时降低成本，大型石油公司纷纷开始建设数字石油矿区。数字石油矿区对可持续发展有重要的意义，可以最大化地优化资源配置和产业结构，但是当前的数字石油矿区设计，指导性不强，还有很大的缺陷。本文从当前数字石油现状出发，将办公自动化技术和当前流行的虚拟现实技术引入数字石油矿区的设计之中，提出了一种新的数字石油设计的构想。     

石油危机冻醒西方信息社会初露曙光

众所周知，阿拉伯国家与以色列的矛盾由来已久，而美国等西方国家对以色列则情有独钟。阿拉伯人心想：“我武力上打不过你，但我有石油，你让我没好日子过，我也让你过不好。”于是，上个世纪70年代，阿拉伯国家运用石油武器对支持以色列的国家实行石油禁运，削减石油产量，还从西方石油公司手中收回石油定价权。     

低折射率液芯光纤喇曼光谱的实验研究

低折射率液体ＣＣｌ４溶于Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｂｒ，Ｃ６Ｈ６，ＣＳ２等有机溶剂中，充入空心石英光纤，获得了１０２倍以上的喇曼光谱。实验结果表明，有机溶剂浓度既影响ＣＣｌ４某些喇曼光谱线的强度（散射系统），也影响光纤数值孔径的大小。低折射率液体的光纤喇曼光谱存在着一个最佳溶液浓度。本文给出了实验结果，并进行简要讨论     

组合光谱法简化了石油勘探

石油和燃料维持世界正常运转，但它们也严重地污染了土壤和水。激光诱导荧光光谱已成为探测这些污染的可靠工具，尤其对土壤层的现场监测。现在Ｅｒｌａｎｇｅｎ－Ｎｕｒｎｂｅｒｇ大学的研究人员通过引入一个相对简单且有效的定标方法改进了这个过程。来自于亮沙土的背向散射光比来自暗泥土的要强得多，这一直是使用激光诱导荧光进行现场监测的一个颇为重要的问题，因为它使荧光信号产生颇大的改变。一些科学家对这些进行了研究，通过把漫反射率光谱组合进这项技术，研究人员能够弥补不同类型土壤引起的变化，从而简化了定标。激光诱导荧光…     

特色技术创新推进石油通信企业战略转型

石油通信专网是在公众网通信能力严重不足，而油田生产又迫切需要通信服务的历史条件下形成的。30多年来，石油通信专网在石油企业的发展建设中发挥着巨大的作用。近年来，在通信行业和石油企业内部发生的巨大变革，使石油通信企业陷入了前所未有的困境。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks