含季铵盐聚合物丙烯酸酯共混防污涂料的制备与性能

用溶液聚合法合成了甲基丙烯酰乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚(GMA)-丙烯酸乙酯含季铵盐聚合物(QASP)的丙烯酸酯共聚物,并将合成的含季铵盐的丙烯酸酯共聚物和气相二氧化硅触变剂、氧化亚铜防污剂碾磨混合均匀得到共混物防污涂料。测试结果表明:随着共混物涂料中DMC用量的增加,涂层的抗拉强度先增加后降低,剪切强度降低,亲水性增强,有利于阻抗蛋白质的吸附;涂层吸水率的温敏性较强;防污涂料中铜离子渗出率在达到峰值后还能保持在比较高的水平,对于防污有效。     

SiO2改性低表面能纳米结构无毒海洋防污涂料

以合成的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂为主要成膜物质,在颜填料不变的基础上添加纳米SiO2,制成了低表面能纳米结构无毒海洋防污涂料,讨论了树脂用量和纳米SiO2对涂膜附着力及其与液体接触角的影响,分析了低表面能防污涂料的表面结构.结果表明,树脂用量为25%～30%时,涂膜的附着力为1级,涂膜与水的接触角为150°,涂膜表面为纳米-微米阶层状结构.     

双重交联PUEA复合乳液的合成

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI-80)、聚醚二元醇(GE-210)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)等为主要原料,以环氧树脂(CYD-014)为预交联剂,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为后交联剂,采用预聚体法,合成了具有双重交联结构的PUEA复合乳液。研究了后交联剂GMA用量对乳液和涂膜性能的影响及交联固化工艺条件。结果表明,GMA的用量对PUEA乳液及涂膜性能有重要影响。当GMA用量为3%时,乳液外观和稳定性好,烘烤成膜的涂膜吸水率和吸乙醇率最低,硬度和耐冲击性能优异,防腐性能最佳;加入GMA的后交联PUEA涂膜性能与成膜温度及烘烤时间有密切关系;适宜的成膜条件为150℃/20min。     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合低表面能防污涂料

用逐步滴加引发剂合成有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂,将纳米SiO2、铁红、滑石粉分散于有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂中,制成低表面能防污涂料.结果表明,当纳米SiO2的加入量为5.5%～8%时,涂膜与液体的接触角大于98°,涂膜具有较低的吸水率,具有一定的防污效果.     

PAMPS高吸水性树脂吸附性能

用溶液聚合法合成了聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)高吸水性树脂(PAMPS树脂),研究了树脂在Pb(NO3)2、Cu(NO3)2、Zn(NO3)2溶液中的吸附性能,结果表明,在单一金属离子溶液中,实验范围内PAMPS树脂吸附量随溶液浓度增加而增大,对Pb2 的吸附量还随交联剂浓度和单体中和度增加而增大;在二元和三元混合金属离子溶液中,PAMPS树脂对Pb2 有很好的选择吸附性。     

8-羟基喹啉改性DK110树脂的合成及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

以大孔丙烯酸系弱酸树脂DK110为大分子骨架,通过与5-氯甲基-8-羟基喹啉的接枝反应,合成了带8-羟基喹啉螯合功能基的改性树脂HQDK110。探讨了HQDK110树脂对Cu2+在不同温度、不同pH值、不同浓度等条件下的静态吸附性能、动态吸附性能及脱附性能。结果表明,HQDK110树脂对Cu2+具有良好的吸附作用,实验条件下,25℃时HQDK110树脂对Cu2+的吸附量达2.278 mmol/g。HQDK110树脂对Cu2+的动力学吸附很好地符合了拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式。树脂对Cu2+的去除率在较宽的浓度范围内达到98%以上,吸附Cu2+后的树脂在0.1 mol/L的盐酸溶液中的脱附率达96.88%。树脂有良好的重复使用性能。     

自研磨型无毒船底防污涂料的研制

研究了一种自研磨型无毒船底防污涂料,它是以丙烯酸树脂,一元铜与脂肪酸结合形成的P－COOCuOOR防污性物质为主要成膜物,再加入Cu2O及填料等配制而成的。介绍了原料配方及合成工艺,测试了涂膜性能,分析了影响涂膜性能的因素,并探讨了该涂料的防污机理。实验结果表明,该涂料附着力强,防水防污性能好,克服了传统有机锡防污涂料对海洋贝类生物的影响。     

阳离子型反应活性聚乙烯醇纤维的制备及其增强机理

通过多元悬浮接枝共聚法,以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为功能化单体,制备了一种具有反应活性的阳离子型改性聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维。讨论了DMC和GMA添加量、CAN浓度、H+浓度等对PVA纤维接枝率的影响,以及DMC和GMA添加量对纸张强度的影响。结果表明,当DMC与GMA质量比为2∶3、CAN浓度为8×10-3 mol/L、H+浓度为0.1mol/L时,纤维的接枝率为15.6%,此时纸张获得较佳强度,耐折度为241次,干拉力、湿拉力可分别达到83.10,30.40N,湿强度为36.58%。FT-IR和X射线能谱证实了GMA和DMC在PVA纤维表面发生接枝共聚反应。扫描电镜表明,当DMC与GMA质量比为2∶3时,改性PVA纤维表面形成了沿纤维纵向排列的不规则突起。     

高性能空调换热器用亲水性丙烯酸酯涂料

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为主要共聚单体,通过自由基水溶液聚合,制备了具有优良亲水性能的丙烯酸酯树脂涂料。探讨了反应温度、保温时间对合成工艺的影响以及各单体含量和中和度对涂膜亲水性能的影响,并采用红外光谱和差示扫描量热分析对共聚物进行了表征。结果表明,单体转化率随温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势;随着保温时间的延长,单体转化率逐渐增大直至趋于平衡,最佳反应温度和保温时间为80℃和5 h。随着AA含量的增加,涂膜的亲水性先增加后降低;在一定范围内,随着MMA含量的增加,涂膜的亲水性先降低后增加,当MMA含量超过一定范围后,其亲水性呈现继续增加的趋势,最佳单体质量比为m(AM)∶m(MMA)∶m(AA)=7∶2∶1。随着中和度增加,涂膜的亲水性先增加后降低,最佳的中和度为30%,其接触角约为8°。差示扫描量热分析结果表明,合成的共聚物具有良好耐热性,其玻璃化转变温度约为120℃。     

环境友好型自抛光防污涂料的研制及性能

合成了具有自抛光性能的丙烯酸锌树脂,试验结果表明,丙烯酸锌30%(wt,质量分数,下同)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯35%、丙烯酸乙酯20%、丙烯酸丁酯15%、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈5%,反应温度110℃时,合成的树脂分子量10000,玻璃化转变温度20℃,树脂的水解性能可满足要求。采用该丙烯酸锌树脂制备了无锡环保型自抛光防污涂料,防污剂以氧化亚铜为主,复配有机防污剂吡啶硫酮铜和吡啶硫酮锌5%~10%,该防污涂层的抛光速率8~10μm/月、铜离子渗出率25μg/(cm~2·d),经实船涂装海洋航行36个月验证具有良好的防污效果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.