月季花红色素的提取及其性质研究

研究了月季花红色素的提取条件及金属离子等因素对该色素稳定性的影响，结果表明在0．1mol／L盐酸-乙醇溶液中易于提取，该色素属花青苷类色素，在酸性条件下对热、阳光和紫外光均有较好的稳定性。葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、防腐剂、几种金属离子对该色素的色泽无不良影响，有些还有一定的增色作用．而色素对抗坏血酸、Fe^3＋、Fe^2＋、Sn^2＋比较敏感。     

小米黄色素的研究Ⅱ-提取工艺及稳定性

开发研究了小米黄色素，对其提取工艺条件及几种提取剂进行了筛选，确定了最佳提取工艺条件为：95％乙醇为最佳提取剂；v（乙醇）：m（小米）=3：1，室温提取3～4次，每次2～4h。研究了光、热、氧化剂、还原剂、金属离子以及几种常用食品添加剂对小米黄色素稳定性的影响，结果表明：该色素溶液的最大吸收波长为445nm；具有一定的耐热性、耐还原性和耐氧化性；但耐光性差，宜避光保存；Fe^3＋对色素有破坏作用，K^＋、Na^2＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^2＋无不良影响；可与Vc、蔗糖和柠檬酸等食品添加剂调和使用。     

月季花红色素的提取及性质研究

研究了月季花红色素的提取条件及其金属离子因素等对该色素稳定性的影响，结果表明在0．1mol／L盐酸一乙醇溶液中易于提取，该色素属花青苷类色素，在酸性条件下对热、阳光和紫外光均有较好的稳定性。葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、防腐剂、几种金属离子对该色素的色泽无不良影响，有些还有一定的增色作用，而色素对抗坏血酸、Fe^3＋、Fe^3＋、Sn^2＋比较敏感。     

红枣色素的提取及稳定性的研究

本文对红枣色素的提取方法和色素的基本性质进行了研究。通过研究发现，所选用的16种不同的提取溶液当中，红枣色素在以50％（pH3）的乙醇水溶液提取时，效果最好，色素的最大吸收峰在320nm处；日光、温度、和大多数金属离予，对这种色素的稳定性无太大的影响，这种色素的耐糖性和耐光性很好。红枣色素的pH稳定性无论在酸性或在碱性条件下都很稳定。红枣色素稳定性不受人体所需的微量元素Ca^2＋、Na^＋、Fe^2＋、K^＋、Mg^2＋、Mn^2＋、Zn^2＋和Fe^3＋的影响。温度变化（20～100℃）也对色素稳定性几乎无影响。根据研究结果可以初步确定，红枣色素具备了作为天然色素使用的最基本的性能，可开发利用。     

大叶蛇葡萄色素稳定性的研究

本文研究了大叶蛇葡萄色素热稳定性、光稳定性、耐氧化还原性和pH稳定性，并进一步探讨了食品中常见的金属离子：K^＋、Na^＋、Fe^2＋、Fe^3＋、Mg^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Al^3＋和常用添加剂对大叶蛇葡萄色素稳定性的影响。结果表明：热、光照、K^＋、Na^＋、维生素C及苯甲酸钠对色素无不良影响；Mg^2＋、Fe^2＋、Fe^3＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋、Al^3＋、氧化剂（H2O2）、还原剂（Na2S2O3）及碱性环境对色素有不良的影响。     

超声波辅助提取黑糯玉米芯色素稳定性的研究

运用超声波辅助技术提取黑糯玉米芯色素，研究了pH、光照、温度、氧化剂、还原刺、金属离子、共存物质对黑糯玉米芯色素稳定性的影响，并与相同条件下常规提取的黑糯王米芯色素进行比较。结果表明：光照、温度对两种方法提取出的色素无显著性影响；过氧化氢、亚硫酸钠、维生素C溶液对黑糯玉米芯色素影响较大；金属离子中的Fe^2＋、Fe^2＋、Sn^2＋对黑糯玉米芯色素稳定性影响较大，食品中常用的葡萄糖、蔗糖对色素有一定的降解作用；防腐剂苯甲酸钠对色素有一定的降解作用，且浓度越大，影响越大。柠檬酸、苹果酸、可溶性淀粉对色素溶液有增色作用；超声波辅助提取的色素和常规法提取的色素的稳定性基本一致。     

老鹰茶(豹皮樟)天然食用色素的初步研究

研究了老鹰茶（豹皮樟）天然食用色素的提取工艺、理化特性及其稳定性。利用色素的光谱性质，研究了该色素对酸、碱的稳定性、耐热性、耐光性以及与常用食品添加剂和不同金属离子的作用。结果表明：该色素为水溶性色素，以大孔吸附树脂提取，可获得较高的提取率；该色素在不同的酸、碱介质和金属离子中颜色不同、光谱性质不同（Ca^2 、Fe^2 使色素的光吸收增强，而其它金属离子使色素的光吸收减小。）但对热较稳定，且一定的耐光性及抗氧化性。结果表明：老鹰茶（豹皮樟）红色素是一种具有开发价值的天然食用色素。     

桃花红色素的提取工艺及稳定性研究

研究桃花红色素的提取工艺和稳定性。实验表明，该色素易溶于水、乙醇等极性较强的溶剂；在酸性条件下，色泽稳定且对K^＋、Mg^2＋、Al^2＋、Ca^2＋,Cu^2＋等离子均有较好的稳定性；对蔗糖、味精等的稳定性较好，但对阳光、热、氧化剂、还原剂和高浓度加碘食盐的稳定性一般。     

藤菜鲜果紫色素的稳定性研究

用藤菜鲜果的稀水溶液为对象,对藤菜紫色素在不同ｐＨ介质、不同温度及光照条件下的稳定性进行研究,并讨论若于金属离子及食盐和蔗糖对该色素的影响。结果表明：藤菜色素在一定的条件下对光、热的稳定性较好,适宜在弱酸性及中性条件下使用;Ｆｅ３＋和Ｓｎ２＋对其吸光值有明显影响,而Ｃｕ２＋、Ａｌ３＋及食盐和蔗糖则影响甚微。     

玫瑰花红色素的稳定性研究

本研究就光、温度、pH值、氧化介质、还原介质、常用的食品添加剂以及金属离子等对玫瑰花红色素的稳定性影响进行了初步探讨。结果表明,该色素对光、热耐受性好;适用pH值范围宽;耐氧化性较好,耐还原性较差;Fe^3＋和Sn^2＋对其吸光值有明显影响,Cu^2＋、Al^3＋、蔗糖则影响甚微。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the