F1等级砝码标准装置计量比对结果与分析

2023年,湖南省计量检测研究院作为主导实验室组织并实施了湖南省F₁等级砝码标准装置计量比对工作。本次计量比对采用花瓣式的比对方式,比对内容包括200g、200mg砝码的约定质量及其测量不确定度评定。比对参考值由主导实验室提供,根据E_n值判定参与实验室的比对满意度。依据参与实验室提交的比对报告,全省共100家实验室参与比对,92家比对结果满意,8家比对结果不满意。进一步分析结果发现,比对结果满意的实验室,在标准仪器状态及衡量仪器的配备等方面还存在不足。比对结果不满意的实验室,在自身体系管理、测量过程、不确定度评定等方面需加强认识。组织单位根据比对结果对参与实验室的能力建设也提出了针对性的指导意见。     

原子吸收光谱法测定酒中Ca、Cu、Fe、Pb的含量

本实验室参加了由法国洋酒协会组织的，针对全球范围内的各种品牌的名酒建立数据库的课题。本文主要为该课题提供Ｃａ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｐｂ微量元素的分析数据。从法国洋酒协会数据统计中心处理的近１００多家分析室上报的数据可知，本实验室分析的均在每次统计的正态分布图之中，接近中心值，结果满意。     

质控图法评定测量不确定度在X射线荧光光谱法分析领域的应用

基于新国标GB/T 27411-2012提出的top-down法,探讨了质控图法在评定海洋沉积物中Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO、CaO、Na_2O、K_2O、MnO、Cr和Zr等组分的测量不确定度中的应用。利用实验室日常分析质控样海洋沉积物国家标准物质GBW07309中各组分的30组质控数据进行评定,通过AD统计证明时序数据的正态性和独立性处于统计受控,并验证了时序数据的精密度受控、偏倚受控和随机分布状态,基于移动极差平均值的SR即为各组分的测量不确定度。     

压力表实验室间计量比对及结果分析

为了评估本地区压力表建标实验室的检定能力,组织了此次多家实验室间计量比对,对各实验室测量结果与其不确定度的一致性采用归一化偏差En进行评判,对比对过程中发现的问题进行原因分析,并提出建议,为保障本地区实验室的压力表检测水平和量值传递提供一定的参考。     

汽车“零事故”需工程师更努力

工业时代的技术派向来有两种观点,一种是前瞻型,致力于未来。比如谷歌开始试验无人驾驶车,本田的御用机器人阿西莫展示着本田拥有远比现在的汽车更先进的技术;另一种是实用型的,专注于现在,如何将实验室的技术工业化并走入干家万户,将已经运用的技术进一步提升,这往往都需要汽车工程师几代人的努力。日产汽车在2011日产技术说明会上,则用一种更为接近生活的方式为我们展示了他们在实用领域     

钢中氧、氮含量测定能力验证分析

为了解国内各实验室对钢中氧、氮含量测定的能力水平,组织了本次钢中氧、氮含量的测定能力验证活动。采用单因子方差分析法对能力验证样品进行均匀性检验,用传统统计技术处理,采用Grubbs方法剔除异常值后,获得指定值和能力评定标准差,用z比分数判定各实验室的检测结果。结果显示：全部结果满意的实验室有8家,占参加实验室总数的72.73%。绝大多数实验室具备满意的检测能力和水平。     

基于误差补偿技术的GALIL型数控机床受控性研究

使用基于二维图形交互式的伺服进给系统受到二维图形大量参数影响,检测结果存在一定误差,面对该情况,提出了基于误差补偿技术的GALIL型数控机床受控性研究。根据GALIL型数控机床结构,从动力学角度出发,分析机床在一定激振力作用下振幅和相位随激振频率变化的特性,确定固有频率、固有角频率、阻尼比、静刚度、动刚度、动态柔度受控特性指标。通过机床激振频率受控性误差补偿、机床振幅受控性误差补偿,避免研究结果出现误差。由实验结果可知,该方法在不同频率下的传递函数幅值、传递函数相位、相干系数,与实际情况一致。     

机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所被工信部授予“工业产品质量控制和技术评价实验室”称号

为适应新型工业化发展需求,促进工业产品实物质量提升,依据《工业产品质量控制和技术评价实验室管理办法》（工信部科【2010】93号）及《工业产品质量控制和技术评价实验室核定细则（暂行）》（工信厅科【2010】143号）,经工业产品质量控制和技术评价实验室专家技术委员会审议,机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所工业（测量控制设备及网络）产品质量控制和技术评价实验室等58家工业产品质量控制和技术评价实验室通过审议．被授予“工业产品质量控制和技术评价实验室”。     

第六届慕尼黑上海分析生化展揭幕

2012年10月16日,上海新国际博览中心,第六届慕尼黑上海分析生化展（analyticaChina）开幕。这是自2002年analytieaChina落户上海以来,规模最大的一次展会。展会参展商接近600家,展示包括分析仪器、测试测量、生命科学、生物技术、实验室建设、试剂耗材和通用实验室设备等在内的最新产品及应用。展会方认为,为期3天的展会预计将会吸引上万名专业买家到场观摩及采购。     

超声检测中的路径受控仿形测量和曲面重构技术

提出一种利用超声波检测探头实现曲面形工件仿形测量的路径受控和曲面重构技术，对初始曲面建模，路径受控运动点位生成，曲面模型校正等问题做了详细阐述，将该技术运用于曲面工件的超声检测时，可以在不增加硬件的条件下实现曲面形工件的连接扫查检测，明显提高检测效率。     

Validation of measurement capabilities

The best measurement capabilities (BMCs) of laboratories are usually described at the Accreditation Certificates, for the calibrations they perform. The evaluation of these BMCs is carried out also by interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs), the proficiency testing schemes as described by the ISO Guide 43 and ISO 13528 standard. The National Metrology Institutes traditionally organize the ILCs for the National Accreditation Boards, providing the travelling standards, the reference(s) value(s) and the statistical analysis of the laboratories results. The goal of this article is to discuss the existing approaches for evaluation of ILCs and propose a basis for the validation of laboratories BMCs.     

气力输送管道补气方式的节能分析

比较了气力输送系统中非可控式补气、可控式补气和双辅管补气方式的耗气量,推导并计算了非可控补气系统的排空气量,实验验证了双辅管气力输送系统能耗最低.分析了3种补气方式耗能的原因,指出双辅管气力输送系统具有较大的节能空间.     

Analysis of interlaboratory test results of solid particle impingement erosion

During the development of a standard method for solid particle impingement erosion testing of materials, a number of interlaboratory test comparisons were conducted. In this paper the results of four test series involving twelve laboratories in total are described. The measurements were carried out with considerable care using the gas jet type of erosion tester, involving nearly the same conditions and test parameters on two different materials, a low carbon steel and a stainless steel. The final results indicated a high degree of within-laboratory precision and a moderate degree of between-laboratory precision of erosion loss determinations. A need for standard materials was identified to control sources of measurement bias between laboratories. The principal source of random error in these studies was believed to be associated with the measurements of particle impact velocity.     

2D and 3D immunogold localization on (epoxy) ultrathin sections with and without osmium tetroxide

For nearly 50 years immunogold labeling on ultrathin sections has been successfully used for protein localization in laboratories worldwide. In theory and in practice, this method has undergone continual improvement over time. In this study, we carefully analyzed circulating protocols for postembedding labeling to find out if they are still valid under modern laboratory conditions, and in addition, we tested unconventional protocols. For this, we investigated immunolabeling of Epon‐embedded cells, immunolabeling of cells treated with osmium, and the binding behavior of differently sized gold particles. Here we show that (in contrast to widespread belief) immunolabeling of Epon‐embedded cells and of cells treated with osmium tetroxide is actually working. Furthermore, we established a “speed protocol” for immunolabeling by reducing antibody incubation times. Finally, we present our results on three‐dimensional immunogold labeling.     

汽车部件机械可靠性试验研究

汽车产品的可靠性在整车及零部件企业中受到的关注日益提高,对试件可靠性方法应投入更多研究。我国习惯采用单一部件满足最低要求的方法作为汽车零部件质量要求,较少采用统计的方式对汽车部件可靠性进行评价。对典型的汽车部件试验结果进行分析,给出了对数正态分布及威布尔分布的分析结果,并针对汽车部件的失效判定、道路谱用于疲劳试验提出了相关建议。     

Proficiency testing programs to improve traceability in chemical analysis

The results of the proficiency test program T062 organised by CNACL (China National Accreditation Committee for Laboratories) were analysed with different statistical procedures: the robust statistic procedure used by the proficiency test organisers and the UNI ISO 5725-2 [8] procedure which is a basic method for the determination of the repeatability and the reproducibility of a standard measurement method to improve the traceability in chemical analysis.The data are taken from a program of chemical analysis on a low alloy steel.The obtained results are commented; the paper aim to give elements of discussion about standard test method, uncertainty evaluations, and repeatability of test results on chemical analysis performed by chemical laboratories.     

Invited review article: The statistical modeling of atomic clocks and the design of time scales

I will show how the statistical models that are used to describe the performance of atomic clocks are derived from their internal design. These statistical models form the basis for time scales, which are used to define international time scales such as International Atomic Time and Coordinated Universal Time. These international time scales are realized by ensembles of clocks at national laboratories such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and I will describe how ensembles of atomic clocks are characterized and managed.     

梅州市近55年气候变化特征量分析

采用梅州市19532007年的气象观测资料。利用一元线性回归统计方法,对梅州市气温的气候平均值和季节分布特征,以及气候演变进行了统计分析;利用小波分析方法分析年降水量及前汛期的降水量。结果表明,梅州市55a来年平均气温以0．018℃／年的趋势增温变暖,各个季节及年的平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温都有波浪式上升的趋势;年降水量及前汛期降水量都有明显的年纪特征,降水量的周期经历了由长周期向短周期转变的过程。针对气候变化,根据梅州市的实际情况提出了一些切实可行的应对措施。     

Analysis and Modeling of the Topography of Mechanical Seal Faces

The aim of this article is to provide some relevant statistical parameters for mechanical seal faces and to present some methods of modelling them in order to study mixed lubrication.

Three mechanical seals with faces of three different material combinations were analyzed at three operating times (unused, run-in, and worn). Surface roughness and waviness were analyzed. Generally speaking, the amplitude of the waves tends to increase with time, whereas roughness height shows the opposite trend, except in the case of the hard faces combination. The seal surfaces are extremely skewed, this phenomenon being enhanced by wear. The surfaces are nearly isotropic with a slightly higher correlation length in the sliding direction.

Two models with two different autocorrelation functions (ACFs) were used to simulate surfaces. These models, based on the Patir approach (Patir (1)), used the Johnson translation curves to impose non-Gaussian height distribution. Even if the models are able to reproduce experimental tendencies, there are some difficulties with the modeling of large structures, leading to the overestimation of summit density and underestimation of the radius of the asperities’ curvature. Generally speaking the exponential ACF gives better results than the bilinear ACF.