光声成像技术在生物医学中的研究进展

光声成像是近年来发展较快的无损检测技术,其高分辨率、高对比度的特点使其成为生物医学检测技术的主要发展方向之一。文中从光声成像系统、光声探测器和图像重建算法的角度,对光声成像技术进行了分析。在此基础上,分别结合光声计算层析成像、光声显微成像和光声内窥成像对光声成像系统进行了阐述,探讨了光声探测器在多探头、阵列式、MEMS微型化和光纤F-P腔等方面的研究进展,比较了典型图像重建算法的应用特点,并指出了基于光声技术的生物医学无损成像系统的高分辨率、大探测深度、实时性强、小型化、低成本的研究方向。     

基于FPGA的电磁金属探伤系统及其微弱信号处理

本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的电磁金属探伤系统,该系统用于研究电磁无损检测技术在金属板损伤探测上的应用.在该电磁金属探伤系统中,传感系统提供的测量感应信号为强噪声背景下的微弱信号.为了提高信号的检测精度,本文采用信号调理电路结合FIR数字滤波的方法,将基于FPGA的电磁成像金属探伤系统中微弱的测量感应信号从噪声中提取出来,仿真实验证明,该方案能为后续信号处理环节提供一个低噪声背景下的较强的感应信号.     

强噪声背景下的微弱信号检测新方法

提出了新的强噪声背景下的微弱信号检测方法,设计了一种硬件与软件相结合的实现方案。采用经典的仪表放大技术和单片机控制技术对数据进行检测和处理,并通过虚拟仪器技术仿真和显示,为解决热释电红外探测器中µA级微弱信号的检测提供了十分有效的方法。该系统通过实验对模拟低频微弱信号的检测,充分显示了它在微弱信号检测方面的实用性和优越性。     

一种基于像方指向的望远镜关键技术分析

针对空间遥感望远镜对大视场和高分辨率的需求,本文提出了像方指向技术.首先设计了透射式大尺寸像面光学系统;接着,根据像面尺寸的要求,提出了一种基于像方指向的探测器机械交错拼接法;然后,分析了像方指向系统的工作原理及关键技术.最后,进行了实验成像并分析了系统的误差.实验结果表明:像方指向系统的指向精度需优于1.6 mrad...     

采用稀疏测量数据的有限角度光声层析成像的研究进展

生物光声层析(Photoacoustic Tomography,PAT)成像可以反映生物组织的光吸收分布,定量测量组织的光吸收系数和散射系数,进而分析组织成分,为疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。由于成像目标特殊的几何结构以及成像装置的机械结构、空间位置和成像时间等的限制,超声探测器只能在有限的角度范围内扫描,采集到稀疏的光声测量数据,导致重建图像中出现伪影和失真。针对有限角度扫描和稀疏测量数据问题,对目前主流的光声图像重建算法进行综述和分析。     

X射线DR技术在铝合金铸件检测中的应用

本文简要介绍了DirectDigit Radiography (DR)X射线直接数字化成像检测技术及DR检测的基本原理,并从工艺应用角度对数字成像的表征参数如空间分辨力、像素、密度分辨力、密度分辨力与空间分辨力的关系、信噪比(SNR)、量子探测效率(DQE)等进行了工艺性解释说明;同时,该文还结合一套真实在用的典型面板探测器DR成像检测系统的工艺实践,总结出铝合金铸件的X射线DR检测特征和铝合金铸件常见缺陷的DR图像特征,给出了铝合金铸件典型缺陷DR图像,对同类检测项目具有重要的参考意义.     

基于最小二乘法的多频涡流检测信号参数分析

多频涡流检测技术是一种广泛应用的电磁无损检测技术.在检测过程中,微弱多频涡流信号的分析是检测系统的关键.本文提出了一种基于最小二乘法的涡流检测微弱信号参数分析方法.依据最小二乘法的求解原理,以双频涡流信号分析为例,建立了涡流信号参数分析数学模型,估计出各频率成分的时域特征参数,为涡流检测信号应用提供了依据,并对该算法进行了仿真和检测实验验证.实验结果表明:该方法效果良好,硬件成本低,具有较高的灵敏度,满足多频涡流检测信号参数分析的需要.     

中波红外多光谱成像技术研究

多光谱成像技术结合成像和光谱测量技术,同时探测目标的光谱和几何特征,在目标识别和抑制背景杂波方面具有技术优势。研制了一套工作于中波红外波段的四通道多光谱成像系统。利用窄带滤光片和面阵探测器技术,构建了基于时序扫描的凝视成像型红外多光谱成像系统。根据红外探测器性能参数,对各个光谱通道的温度灵敏度进行了估算。在系统设计时通过合理地滤光片布局,尽量延长各个光谱通道的信号积分时间,以提高各个光谱通道温度灵敏度。利用研制的中波多光谱成像系统,对室外进行了成像,并对各个通道的成像结果进行了比较分析。     

基于 FPGA 的电磁金属探伤系统及其微弱信号处理

本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的电磁金属探伤系统,该系统用于研究电磁无损检测技术在金属板损伤探测上的应用。在该电磁金属探伤系统中,传感系统提供的测量感应信号为强噪声背景下的微弱信号。为了提高信号的检测精度,本文采用信号调理电路结合FIR数字滤波的方法,将基于FPGA的电磁成像金属探伤系统中微弱的测量感应信号从噪声中提取出来,仿真实验证明,该方案能为后续信号处理环节提供一个低噪声背景下的较强的感应信号。     

数字胸部X线摄影的新进展

本文总结了胸部射线摄影一些成就突出的新数字成像系统的近年进展情况,如：基于荧光储存系统的数字射线摄影、硒探测器系统、即时减影技术等,并提出了对配套应用的几种监视器的评价。     

Measuring Methods for Ultra-Low Light Intensity and Their Application to Extra-Weak Spontaneous Bioluminescence from Living Tissues

This paper reports experimental and theoretical studies and their comparisons on the sensitivity of photoelectric methods for detecting very weak optical signals based on the analog and digital techniques. The single photoelectron counting and the enhanced single photoelectron counting methods were found to be advantageous over the other methods with regard to both signal-to-noise ratio and effective range for optical input powers. Furthermore, the measurements of extra-weak spontaneous bioluminescence from living tissues such as tumors and livers of mice and rats were performed as a new application of the detection methods discussed and evaluated.     

光子计数探测与成像实验装置设计

光子计数探测是微弱光学辐射探测和超快速成像研究的关键技术.利用工作于盖革模式的雪崩光电二极管(APD)结合适当的驱动熄灭电路和NI-PCI高速图像数据采集卡构成实验系统硬件框架,通过Labview和VC++混合编程实现系统的数据采集处理程序和显示界面,设计建立了一套光子计数探测与成像实验装置,详细介绍了实施方案.该实验装置实现了光子计数脉冲信号的探测、处理与显示,为微弱光学辐射信号的探测与超快速成像研究提供了实验平台.     

Early detection of liver cancer based on bioluminescence tomography

As a new modality of molecular imaging, bioluminescence imaging has been widely used in tumor detection and drug evaluation. However, BLI cannot present the depth of information for internal diseases such as a liver tumor in situ or a lung tumor in situ. In this paper, we describe a bioluminescence tomography (BLT) method based on the bioluminescent intensity attenuation calibration and applied it to the early detection of liver cancer in situ. In comparison with BLT without calibration, this method could improve the reconstruction accuracy by more than 10%. In comparison with micro-computed tomography and other traditional imaging modalities, this method can detect a liver tumor at a very early stage and provide reliable location information.     

导航星敏感器探测灵敏度研究

星敏感器是高精度的空间导航技术,是一种特殊用途的光电传感器,其作用对象为空间恒星。它的传感过程涉及成象光学系统、ＣＣＤ探测器以及信号提取和处理等,每个环节都影响到系统的探测灵敏度。结合星敏感器的研究,建立了光电系统探测灵敏度的评价体系。     

基于生物发光的高灵敏度ATP自动测试系统研究

针对高灵敏度、宽响应范围及自动检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的需求,设计了一种基于生物发光原理的ATP检测系统.系统采用自动加样技术,在发光反应的同时开始记录光强,使仪表检测自动化,且提高检测灵敏度;在优化光电检测单元设计和减小杂散光及电磁干扰的同时,提高荧光检测效率;通过电路和数据处理算法优化提高仪表检测范围.以浓度为10-15～10-6 M范围内的标准ATP溶液进行了实验,结果表明仪表测量光强与ATP实际浓度相关系数为0.974,检测范围达9个数量级.与市场相关仪器相比,该系统具有自动化测试,性能和灵敏度高、响应范围宽的特点,在ATP测量以及相关领域如细菌测量、毒性测试及卫生状况检测等方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

Ratiometric bioluminescence indicators for monitoring cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in live cells based on luciferase-fragment complementation

Bioluminescent indicators for cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate AMP (cAMP) are powerful tools for noninvasive detection with high sensitivity. However, the absolute photon counts are affected substantially by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and d-luciferin concentrations, limiting temporal analysis in live cells. This report describes a genetically encoded bioluminescent indicator for detecting intracellular cAMP based on complementation of split fragments of two-color luciferase mutants originated from click beetles. A cAMP binding domain of protein kinase A was connected with an engineered carboxy-terminal fragment of luciferase, of which ends were connected with amino-terminal fragments of green luciferase and red luciferase. We demonstrated that the ratio of green to red bioluminescence intensities was less influenced by the changes of ATP and d-luciferin concentrations. We also showed an applicability of the bioluminescent indicator for time-course and quantitative assessments of intracellular cAMP in living cells and mice. The bioluminescent indicator will enable quantitative analysis and imaging of spatiotemporal dynamics of cAMP in opaque and autofluorescent living subjects.     

一种强噪声背景下的微弱信号检测的新方法

基于自适应滤波算法对小波滤波器的构造方法进行了研究,重点在于解决对强噪声环境下微弱信号提取所需要的小波变换的子带自适应滤波器的构造,把小波变换技术和自适应滤波技术应用于微弱信号的检测。提出基于自适应小波变换的心电信号的检测,利用小波变换的子带编码理论,通过在多个子带权值的自适应匹配,回复后拟合微弱信号。仿真结果表明,该方法可进一步改善信号的检测能力,在检测微弱信号的特征和改善信噪比方面是一种十分有效的方法。     

SORIS—A standoff radiation imaging system

The detection of radiological and special nuclear material within the country's borders is a crucial component of the national security network. Being able to detect small amounts of radiological material at large distances is especially important for search applications. To provide this capability General Electric's Research Center has developed, as a part of DNDO's standoff radiation detection system advanced technology demonstration (SORDS-ATD) program, a standoff radiation imaging system (SORIS). This vehicle-based system is capable of detecting weak sources at large distances in relatively short times. To accomplish this, GE has developed a novel coded aperture detector based on commercial components from GE Healthcare. An array of commercial gamma cameras modified to increase the system efficiency and energy range are used as position sensitive detectors. Unlike typical coded aperture systems, however, SORIS employs a non-planar mask and thus does not suffer the typical limitations of partially encoded regions giving it a wide field of view. Source identification is done using both low-statistics anomaly indicators and conventional high-statistics algorithms being developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The results of scanned areas and threats identified are displayed to the user and overlaid on satellite imagery.     

基于X射线数字成像技术的钢丝绳检测系统

针对目前钢丝绳缺陷检测技术的局限性,以及存在的漏检、误检等情况,本文提出了一种新颖的检测方法-基于X射线数字成像技术的钢丝绳检测系统,并介绍了X射线数字成像技术、系统的结构以及工作原理,经初步论证,有较高的实用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

Non-destructive Imaging of Standard Cracks of Railway by Photoacoustic Piezoelectric Technology

The photoacoustic piezoelectric (PAPE) technique is an effective non-destructive testing technique for detecting defects in materials. In this paper, Chinese national standard railway cracks have been detected by thermal wave imaging based on the PAPE technique. First, the theory of the PAPE technique has been introduced and the corresponding imaging principle has been analyzed. Second, the corresponding experimental system has been setup, and the imaging tests have been carried out. Third, two kinds of standard cracks have been examined by the imaging system. The results show that thermal wave imaging based on the PAPE technique can effectively image and identify the cracks at different depths, which lays a foundation for practical application to the detection of rail cracks.