CdZnTe材料的表面钝化新工艺

研究了一种新的钝化CdZnTe(CZT)器件表面的工艺,即先采用KOH-KCl溶液对CZT表面进行处理,再用NH4F/H2O2溶液对其进行表面氧化的二步法钝化工艺.并借助俄歇电子能谱(AES)、微电流测试仪等手段对其表面钝化层的质量进行了鉴别,同时与KOH-KCl和NH4F/H2O2两种工艺进行了比较.AES能谱分析表明,采用二步法工艺钝化,既可获得化学计量比较好的CZT表面,又可在表面形成一层起保护作用的氧化层.I-Ⅴ特性曲线显示,两步法钝化后CZT器件的漏电流与KOH-KCl和NH4F/H2O2钝化相比都有一定程度的下降.说明文中提出的新工艺在CZT器件制备方面具有良好的应用前景.     

p-CZT的钝化处理和C-V特性研究

采用NH4F/H2O2作为p-CZT晶片的表面钝化剂,对未钝化与钝化表面处理的p-CZT晶片的C-V特性进行了对比研究.用XPS分析了钝化前后CZT晶体表面成分,发现钝化后CZT晶片表面形成厚度为3.1 nm的TeO2氧化层.用Agilent 4294A高精度阻抗分析仪,在1 MHz下对未钝化的和钝化的CZT晶片进行C-V测试.对测试结果的计算表明,钝化提高了Au与CZT接触的势垒高度(∮)b.未钝化的(∮)b为1.393 V,钝化后(∮)b变为1.512 V.     

难熔金属与n-GaAs的欧姆接触特性

用磁控溅射系统和快速合金化法制备了Mo/W/Ti/Au多层金属和n-GaAs材料的欧姆接触,在溅射金属层之前分别用HCl溶液和(NH4)2S溶液对n-GaAs材料的表面进行处理．用传输线法对比接触电阻进行了测试,并利用俄歇电子能谱（AES）、X射线衍射图谱（XRD）对接触的微观结构进行了分析．结果表明,用(NH4)2S溶液对n-GaAs材料表面进行处理后,比接触电阻最小;在700℃快速合金化后获得最低的比接触电阻,约为4.5×10－6Ω·cm2．这是由于(NH4)2S溶液钝化处理后降低了GaAs的表面态密度,消除了费米能级钉扎效应,从而改善了难熔金属与GaAs的接触特性．     

硫化铵钝化锑化镓表面的化学与电学性质研究

本文利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF-SIMS）和电流-电压特性（I-V）对不同硫化铵溶液（(NH4)2S）钝化后的锑化镓（GaSb）表面化学性质进行了研究。通过对比,发现中性(NH4)2S S溶液对GaSb表面的钝化能力要优于纯(NH4)2S溶液和碱性(NH4)2S S溶液。碱性(NH4)2S S溶液在有效去除GaSb表面氧化物的同时形成硫化物产物以改善器件性能。TOF-SIMS测试结果从另一方面证实纯(NH4)2S溶液钝化也会形成硫化物产物,但该产物在纯(NH4)2S溶液中是可溶的,以至于很难稳定地存在。3D光学轮廓仪测试结果显示中性(NH4)2S S溶液钝化的GaSb表面具有最低的粗糙度。I-V测试结果表明中性(NH4)2S S溶液钝化能显著提高GaSb基肖特基二极管的电学性能。综上所述,中性(NH4)2S S溶液的钝化效果在改进GaSb表面性质方面具有最优的结果。     

CH3CSNH2/NH4OH钝化GaInAsSb/GaSb PIN红外探测器

引入一种新的低毒化合物CH3CSNH2/NH4OH对 GaInAsSb化合物探测器的表面进行了钝化处理，可使其暗电流降低一个数量级，动态电阻增大25倍多，且钝化83天后保持良好的钝化效果，取得了与（NH4)2S溶液一样理想的钝化效果. 并采用AES和XPS对钝化前后的GaInAsSb材料进行了分析.     

难熔金属与n-GaAs的欧姆接触特性

用磁控溅射系统和快速合金化法制备了Mo/W/Ti/Au多层金属和n-GaAs材料的欧姆接触,在溅射金属层之前分别用HCl溶液和(NH4)2S溶液对n-GaAs材料的表面进行处理.用传输线法对比接触电阻进行了测试,并利用俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X射线衍射图谱(XRD)对接触的微观结构进行了分析.结果表明,用(NH4)2S溶液对n-GaAs材料表面进行处理后,比接触电阻最小;在700℃快速合金化后获得最低的比接触电阻,约为4.5×10-6Ω·cm2.这是由于(NH4)2S溶液钝化处理后降低了GaAs的表面态密度,消除了费米能级钉扎效应,从而改善了难熔金属与GaAs的接触特性.     

CH3 CSNH2/NH4 OH钝化GaInAsSb/GaSb PIN红外探测器

引入一种新的低毒化合物CH3CSNH2/NH 4OH对GaInAsSb化合物探测器的表面进行了钝化处理,可使其暗电流降低一个数量级,动态电阻增大25倍多,且钝化83天后保持良好的钝化效果,取得了与(NH4)2S溶液一样理想的钝化效果.并采用AES和XPS对钝化前后的GaInAsSb材料进行了分析.     

CH3CSNH2/NH4OH钝化GaInAsSb/GaSb PIN红外探测器

引入一种新的低毒化合物CH3CSNH2/NH 4OH对GaInAsSb化合物探测器的表面进行了钝化处理,可使其暗电流降低一个数量级,动态电阻增大25倍多,且钝化83天后保持良好的钝化效果,取得了与(NH4)2S溶液一样理想的钝化效果.并采用AES和XPS对钝化前后的GaInAsSb材料进行了分析.     

CH3 CSNH2/NH4 OH钝化GaInAsSb/GaSb PIN红外探测器

引入一种新的低毒化合物CH3CSNH2/NH 4OH对GaInAsSb化合物探测器的表面进行了钝化处理,可使其暗电流降低一个数量级,动态电阻增大25倍多,且钝化83天后保持良好的钝化效果,取得了与(NH4)2S溶液一样理想的钝化效果.并采用AES和XPS对钝化前后的GaInAsSb材料进行了分析.     

降低硅片表面微粗糙度的预氧化清洗工艺

利用原子力显微镜研究了预氧化清洗工艺对清洗后的硅片表面微粗糙的影响,并通过建立表面氧化过程的分子模型和氧化层模型来进行相应的机理分析.结果表明,硅片表面在含有氧化剂H2O2的溶液中生成一层氧化层后,能基本消除OH-对硅片表面的各向异性腐蚀,清洗后的表面微粗糙度比清洗前小,并且随SC-1清洗过程中NH4OH浓度的增大而减小.     

GaAs surface wet cleaning by a novel treatment in revolving ultrasonic atomization solution

A novel process for the wet cleaning of GaAs surface is presented. It is designed for technological simplicity and minimum damage generated within the GaAs surface. It combines GaAs cleaning with three conditions consisting of (1) removal of thermodynamically unstable species and (2) surface oxide layers must be completely removed after thermal cleaning, and (3) a smooth surface must be provided. Revolving ultrasonic atomization technology is adopted in the cleaning process. At first impurity removal is achieved by organic solvents; second NH_4OH : H_2O_2 : H_2O =1:1:10 solution and HCl : H_2O_2 : H_2O = 1:1:20 solution in succession to etch a very thin GaAs layer, the goal of the step is removing metallic contaminants and forming a very thin oxidation layer on the GaAs wafer surface;NH_4OH : H_2O =1:5 solution is used as the removed oxide layers in the end. The effectiveness of the process is demonstrated by the operation of the GaAs wafer. Characterization of the oxide composition was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Metal-contamination and surface morphology was observed by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. The research results show that the cleaned surface is without contamination or metal contamination. Also, the GaAs substrates surface is very smooth for epitaxial growth using the rotary ultrasonic atomization technology.     

TaN wet etch for application in dual-metal-gate integration technology

Wet-etch etchants and the TaN film method for dual-metal-gate integration are investigated. Both HF/HN O_3/H_2O and NH_4OH/H_2O_2 solutions can etch TaN effectively, but poor selectivity to the gate dielectric for the HF/HNO_3/H_2O solution due to HF being included in HF/HNO_3/H_2O, and the fact that TaN is difficult to etch in the NH_4OH/H_2O_2 solution at the first stage due to the thin TaO_xN_y layer on the TaN surface, mean that they are difficult to individually apply to dual-metal-gate integration. A two-step wet etching strategy using the HF/HNO_3/H_2O solution first and the NH_4OH/H_2O_2 solution later can fully remove thin TaN film with a photo-resist mask and has high selectivity to the HfSiON dielectric film underneath. High-k dielectric film surfaces are smooth after wet etching of the TaN metal gate and MOSCAPs show well-behaved C-V and J_g-V_g characteristics, which all prove that the wet etching of TaN has little impact on electrical performance and can be applied to dual-metal-gate integration technology for removing the first TaN metal gate in the PMOS region.     

Surface passivation of CdZnTe wafers

The chemical polishing process and the subsequent passivation process of CdZnTe wafers were studied. The treatment effects were tested through XPS analysis and I–V measurement. The chemical etching in 2%Br–MeOH solution may effectively remove the damaged layer and improve the ohmic contact between CdZnTe wafer and Au electrodes. CdZnTe wafers after Br–MeOH etching were passivated with five different passivants respectively. It was found that the surface leakage currents of all CdZnTe wafers passivated with different passivants were reduced by 1–2 orders. CdZnTe wafer passivated in NH₄F/H₂O₂ solution showed the best passivation efficiency because the enriched Te on the surface was fully oxidized to TeO₂, which results in the thickest oxide layer, the most stoichiometric surface and the least leakage current. The surface of CdZnTe wafer is Te-rich after passivated in NH₄F/H₂O₂ or H₂O₂ solution and Cd-rich after passivated in KOH or KOH/H₂O₂ solution.     

Surface passivation of cadmium zinc telluride radiation detectors by potassium hydroxide solution

The spectral resolution of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) room temperature nuclear radiation detectors is often limited by the presence of conducting surface species that increase the surface leakage current. Surface passivation plays an important role in reducing this surface leakage current and thereby decreasing the noise of the detectors and improving the spectral energy resolution. Chemical etching with a Br-MeOH solution leaves CZT surfaces rich in Te and is considered as one of the primary causes of the increased surface leakage current. Previous studies have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) forms oxides of tellurium on the CZT surface and thus acts as a good passivating agent. In this study we will present results on the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an alternative passivating agent. The KOH aqueous solution leaves a more stoichiometric (evaluated from the trends in the surface Cd:Te ratio) and smoother CZT surface. The passivation effects of KOH solution on the surface of the CZT have been characterized by current-voltage measurements for different KOH concentrations and etching times for both parallel strip electrodes as well as a metal-semiconductor-metal configuration. The surface chemical composition and its morphology were studied by scanning x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The comparison and demonstration of improvements in the spectral resolution of the CZT detectors (based on ²⁴¹Am spectra) with and without the KOH treatment are presented.     

不同钝化结构的HgCdTe光伏探测器暗电流机制

在同一HgCdTe晶片上制备了单层ZnS钝化和双层（CdTe+ZnS）钝化的两种光伏探测器,对器件的性能进行了测试,发现双层钝化的器件具有较好的性能．通过理论计算,分析了器件的暗电流机制,发现单层钝化具有较高的表面隧道电流．通过高分辨X射线衍射中的倒易点阵技术研究了单双层钝化对HgCdTe外延层晶格完整性的影响,发现单层ZnS钝化的HgCdTe外延层产生了大量缺陷,而这些缺陷正是单层钝化器件具有较高表面隧道电流的原因．     

Stack system of PECVD amorphous silicon and PECVD silicon oxide for silicon solar cell rear side passivation

A stack of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si) and PECVD‐silicon oxide (SiO_x) has been used as surface passivation layer for silicon wafer surfaces. Very good surface passivation could be reached leading to a surface recombination velocity (SRV) below 10 cm/s on 1 Ω cm p‐type Si wafers. By using the passivation layer system at a solar cell's rear side and applying the laser‐fired contacts (LFC) process, pointwise local rear contacts have been formed and an energy conversion efficiency of 21·7% has been obtained on p‐type FZ substrates (0·5 Ω cm). Simulations show that the effective rear SRV is in the range of 180 cm/s for the combination of metallised and passivated areas, 120 ± 30 cm/s were calculated for the passivated areas. Rear reflectivity is comparable to thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO₂). a‐Si rear passivation appears more stable under different bias light intensities compared to thermally grown SiO₂. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CdTe/ZnS复合钝化层对长波碲镉汞器件性能的影响研究

采用CdTe/ZnS复合钝化技术对长波HgCdTe薄膜进行表面钝化,并对钝化膜生长工艺进行了改进。采用不同钝化工艺分别制备了MIS器件和二极管器件,并进行了SEM、C-V和I-V表征分析,研究了HgCdTe/钝化层之间的界面特性及其对器件性能的影响。结果表明,钝化工艺改进后所生长的CdTe薄膜更为致密且无大的孔洞,CdTe/HgCdTe界面晶格结构有序度获得改善;采用改进的钝化工艺制备的MIS器件C-V测试曲线呈现高频特性,界面固定电荷面密度从改进前的1.671011 cm-2下降至5.691010 cm-2;采用常规钝化工艺制备的二极管器件在较高反向偏压下出现较大的表面沟道漏电流,新工艺制备的器件表面漏电现象获得了有效抑制。     

不同介质层钝化的碲镉汞光导型探测器的氢化研究

利用氢等离子体对阳极氧化层和ZnS钝化的碲镉汞光导型探测器进行了氢化处理,发现对于阳极氧化层钝化的器件,氢化处理后性能衰退,表现在信号的降低和噪声的增加,从表面形貌的观察,发现原来呈蓝色的阳极氧化层在氢化处理后几乎完全消失,从光谱响应上表现为短波方向的响应下降,认为由于氢化过程中介质层的消失使得氢离子直接轰击碲镉汞表面,造成少子表面复合速度增加.对ZnS钝化的器件氢化处理后性能改善,表现为信号的提高和噪声的下降,从光谱响应上表现为短波方向的响应抬高,从表面形貌观察发现ZnS的颜色略有变化,台阶仪测试表明氢化后ZnS的厚度减薄了约70nm,通过SIMS测试分析发现氢化过程中H离子可以穿过ZnS层到达ZnS与碲镉汞的界面处,认为氢离子对界面态起到了钝化作用,降低了界面态密度从而提高了器件的性能.     

Photo-enhanced native oxidation process forHg0.8Cd0.2Te photoconductors

Proposes an easy and reproducible vapor-phase photo surface treatment method to improve the device performance of the Hg_0.8 Cd_0.2Te photoconductive detector. We explore the effect of surface passivation on the electrical and optical properties of the HgCdTe photoconductor. Experimental results, including surface mobility, surface carrier concentration, metal-insulator-semiconductor leakage current, 1/f noise voltage spectrum, the 1/f knee frequency, responsivity R_λ, and specific detectivity D* for stacked photo surface treatment and ZnS or CdTe passivation layers are presented. These data are all directly related to the quality of the interface between the passivation layer and the HgCdTe substrate. We found that, by inserting a photo native oxide layer, we can shift the 1/f knee frequency, reduce the noise power spectrum, and achieve a lower surface recombination velocity S. A higher D* can also be achieved. It was also found that HgCdTe photoconductors passivated with stacked layers show improved interface properties compared to the photoconductors passivated only with a single ZnS or CdTe layer