针织染整废水混凝-厌氧-好氧处理工艺

采用混凝沉淀-接触厌氧-接触氧化组合工艺处理针织染整废水,并对工艺单元的特点和运行进行了分析。运行结果表明,混凝沉淀池对COD和色度的去除率分别为60．2％和83．8％;接触厌氧池和接触氧化池的容积负荷分别为0．62kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1和0．46kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1。当进水COD、BOD5、SS和硫化物的浓度分别为905．2、261．5、446．8、45．9mg·L^-1,色度为780倍时,出水COD、BOD5、SS和硫化物的浓度分别为72．3、14．1、47．6、0．25mg·L^-1,色度为30倍。混凝-接触厌氧-接触氧化组合工艺可实现针织染整废水长期稳定达标排放。     

西门子推出环保、紧凑、处理纯度高的新型Vantage VNX水处理系统

西门子水处理技术部推出了具有环保且处理纯度高的Vantage VNX水处理系统，该系统面向电力、微电子和普通工业市场。这些系统具有紧凑的模块式结构，是可以替代化学再生混床去离子（MBDI）系统的环保产品，以反渗透（RO）作预处理，每分钟可生产50加仑（11．4m^3·h^-1）到900加仑（204．4m^3·h^-1）的去离子水。     

膜生物反应器处理生活污水中膜污染的研究

研究了一体式膜生物反应器膜污染的分类与阻力分布及膜污染的形成与控制。在操作压力0．020MPa,曝气量0．5m^3/h,MLSS稳定在6000mg／L左右的条件下,根据达西方程得出膜阻力分布：膜总阻力11．63×10^8m^-1、膜固有阻力1．69×10^8m^-1、污泥沉积层阻力6．35×10^8m^-1、浓差极化阻力1．8×10m^-1：采用临界压力0．020MPa恒压操作方式,低压恒流可以减缓膜污染的形成,但膜通量比较低,采用次临界恒通量12L／m^2·h的操作方法,可较为有效地控制膜污染的增长;通过对抽、停间歇操作对可逆污染的控制的研究确定了较理想操作方法,即抽吸时间13min和停抽时间2min;针对不可逆污染,探索了在线药洗的去除效果,用1％的NaClO浸泡2h,通量恢复效果较好。     

一体化曝气生物滤池处理城市生活污水试验研究

通过试验研究一体化生物生物滤池对城市生活污水的处理效果。考察了水里停留时间（HRT）、COD容积负荷、填料高度、曝气强度等的影响。结果表明，在流量为85L/h、容积负荷在1．0kgCOD／（m^3·d）～1．5kgCOD／（m^3·d）、曝气强度在0．4～0．6L／（m^2·s）之间时滤池水中COD和SS的去除率为90％和85％左右、氨氮的去除率为61．7％。     

聚合硫酸铝铁改善膜污染的研究

采用投加聚合硫酸铝铁（PAFS）的方法来缓解SMBR中的膜污染速率。试验结果表明,投加PAFS后,SMBR中污泥的平均粒径从80μm增大到400μm,过滤总阻力从496．49×10^10 m^-1减为138．25×10^10 m^-1,     

海水淡化中水平管降膜蒸发的研究

水平管蒸发器最早由Lillie于1888年设计用于制糖工业,之后被用于蒸馏法海水淡化。早期的海水淡化装置多为浸管式多效蒸发装置,不但能耗高,容易结垢,且产品水含盐量高。1966年美国盐水局在Wrightsville Beach建立了水平管多效蒸发过程的实验模拟装置,实验发现光滑水平管的传热系数达到4000-6000kCal／m^2·h·℃。对于光滑管而言。水平管降膜的传热系数一般相当于闪蒸或竖管蒸发的1．5-2倍。     

高渗透性YSZ中空纤维陶瓷微滤膜的制备

采用相转化和高温烧结相结合的方法,并在纺丝过程分别以水和乙醇作为芯液和外凝固浴制备了多孔氧化钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）中空纤维陶瓷膜,对制备的中空纤维膜微观结构、孔径分布和孔隙率、纯水通量和氮气渗透性等进行了表征。结果表明：制备的YSZ中空纤维膜为多孔非对称结构,由外部薄的海绵状多孔皮层和内部大的指孔层构成。在1350℃保温4h烧成制备的YSZ中空纤维膜表现出高渗透性,在0.10MPa压差下的纯水和氮气渗透性分别达到43.0m^3/（m^2·h.MPa）和8345.7m^3/（m^2·h·MPa）。     

40％硫·三环唑悬浮剂悬浮率稳定性

通过对40％硫·三环唑悬浮剂不同配方悬浮率、离心稳定性的研究发现加入增稠剂黄原胶xG可获得较好的悬浮率和贮存稳定性。确定了最佳配方：40％硫·三环唑,分散剂NN0（亚甲基二萘磺酸钠）1．2％,拉开粉BX（丁基萘磺酸钠）0．7％,乳化剂1600#（苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚）1．2％,膨润土0．6％,增稠剂黄原胶XG0．3％,防冻剂尿素1．5％,水补足至100％。实验证明40％硫·三环唑SC配方的制剂性能优良。     

选煤厂循环水深度处理新思路探讨

提出一种选煤厂循环水深度处理的新工艺,把循环水池和斜管(斜板)沉淀池相结合,煤泥浓缩池溢流出的循环水进入斜管(斜板)沉淀池的配水区,水流自下而上穿过斜管(斜板)区,循环水中的颗粒会沉降在斜管内,进而滑落至污泥区;净化后的循环水进入循环水池的清水区。     

卫城油田难动用储量开发配套工艺研究应用

针对古云集、卫53块等区块难动用油藏开发难度大的难题,按照“分类研究,分类治理,整体配套,综合提高”治理的原则,应用水平井采油工艺技术、难动用油层改造技术、周期注水、分层注水等注水配套技术、三级降压混输技术,进行了地面工程的整体配套,形成了完善的油气计量、集输、注水、动力系统,优选相应的工艺配套技术,改善难动用油藏的开发效果。实施油水井措施51井次,与2005年底相比,油水井开井数由15口增加到28口;日产油量由31．3t上升到86．8t;年产油量由1．199×10^4t增加2．659×10^4t;区块动用储量增加110×10^4t;动用程度由15．0％提高到33．8％;年注水量由16．6×10^4m^3增加到24．5×10^4m^3;采油速度由0．23％提高到0．518％,总体开发效果全面改善。     

GRAVITY SETTLING OF HANFORD SINGLE-SHELL TANK SLUDGES

ABSTRACT

The U.S. Department of Energy plans to use gravity settling in million-gallon storage tanks while pretreating sludge on the Hanford site. To be considered viable in these large tanks, the supernatant must become clear, and the sludge must be concentrated in an acceptable time. These separations must occur over the wide range of conditions associated with sludge pretreatment. In the work reported here, gravity settling was studied with liter quantities of actual single-shell tank sludge from Hanford Tank 241-C-107. Because of limited sludge availability, an approach was developed using the results of these liter-scale tests to predict full-scale operation. Samples were centrifuged at various g-forces to simulate compaction with higher layers of sludge. A semi-empirical settling model was then developed incorporating both the liter-scale settling data and the centrifuge compression results to describe the sludge behavior in a million-gallon tank. The settling model predicted that the compacted sludge solids would exceed 20 wt % in less than 30 days of settling in a 10-m-tall tank for all pretreatment steps.     

单颗粒在浓相悬浮体中的沉降运动

用磁感测量法对颗粒在浓相悬浮体中的沉降过程进行实验研究，得到了悬浮体的表现粘度与悬浮体固体浓度关系及Ars-Lys关系曲线     

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF SETTLING SUSPENSIONS AND FLUIDIZED BEDS OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES

The complete Navier-Stokes equations together with the free surface cell model have been solved numerically to obtain the theoretical estimates of drag coefficients of particle assemblages moving through an incompressible Newtonian liquid. The results reported herein have been expressed in terms of the constant rate sedimentation velocities for concentrated suspensions and voidage-velocity behaviour for particulately fluidized liquid-solid systems. Theoretical results have been validated by carrying out detailed comparisons with the widely used correlations available in the literature. Bearing in mind the experimental uncertainty in this field, the agreement between theory and experiments is satisfactory in the range of variables, (0.3 ≤ ε ≤ 0.9) and (10^-3 ≤ Re ≤ 100), studied in this work.     

多级离心泵振动原因分析及解决办法

对多级离心泵的异常振动原因进行分析,将气蚀、止推间隙、平衡盘间隙对泵体产生振动的原因进行详细阐述,并提出有针对性的解决方法.     

脉冲电场对海水中悬浮颗粒物沉降效率的影响

首次研究了海水中悬浮颗粒物在脉冲电场作用下的沉降效率,并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨.正交试验结果表明:影响海水中悬浮颗粒物沉降效率的因素顺序为脉冲电压、脉冲时间、脉冲处理次数、脉冲频率;且在各因素中较佳的水平条件下,沉降效率可达到86.4%,比未施加脉冲电场时提高近30%.TEM分析结果表明:在脉冲电场的作用下,海水中难沉降的带电荷悬浮颗粒物重新分布其所带电荷并导致偶极化,从而促进了颗粒物之间的凝聚.     

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION-DIFFUSION MODEL FOR SECONDARY SETTLING TANKS

One-dimensional models describing the flow and settling process in secondary settling tanks have great potential with respect to process control. Most of these models are based on a conservation equation that is discretized by dividing the settler into a fixed number of horizontal layers. In this article, the focus is on convection-diffusion models, which—in contrast to other one-dimensional models—ensure mesh-independent concentration profiles. The sensitivity of a prototype convection-diffusion model with respect to its parameters and the loading and operational conditions is studied by means of steady-state simulations. Based on the results, the importance of each of the model parameters is assessed. For each combination of parameter values, loading conditions, and operational variables considered in the study, the minimum number of layers required to obtain a practically mesh-independent concentration profile is determined on the basis of a newly developed objective criterion. This analysis leads to the identification of those factors having a large influence on the numerical behavior of the model.     

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION-DIFFUSION MODEL FOR SECONDARY SETTLING TANKS

One-dimensional models describing the flow and settling process in secondary settling tanks have great potential with respect to process control. Most of these models are based on a conservation equation that is discretized by dividing the settler into a fixed number of horizontal layers. In this article, the focus is on convection-diffusion models, which—in contrast to other one-dimensional models—ensure mesh-independent concentration profiles. The sensitivity of a prototype convection-diffusion model with respect to its parameters and the loading and operational conditions is studied by means of steady-state simulations. Based on the results, the importance of each of the model parameters is assessed. For each combination of parameter values, loading conditions, and operational variables considered in the study, the minimum number of layers required to obtain a practically mesh-independent concentration profile is determined on the basis of a newly developed objective criterion. This analysis leads to the identification of those factors having a large influence on the numerical behavior of the model.     

GRAVITY SETTLING OF DISPERSED PHASE DROP SWARMS IN EXTRACTION COLUMNS IN ABSENCE OF MASS TRANSFER

Taking into account the effect of velocity profiles of the continuous phase in interstices of drops,dragcoefficient and relative motion correlations for dispersed liquid-liquid two-phase flow in absence of mass transferwere developed in terms of the pseudo-fluid concept based on the simple similarity criteria and the mixtureviscosity model suggested by Ishii and Zuber.The present model was compared with the experimental data fromfive(different sources and also with seven other pertinent correlations available in literature.Fairly goodpredictions were obtained under wide ranges of the dispersed phase holdup and Reynolds number.The validity ofthe present model has also been checked against the experimental slip velocity data and holdup data obtained ina Karr reciprocating plate extraction column by the author of the present paper and satisfactory agreement isachieved、The results show that the equations of the motion of a multi-droplet system can be formulated in aform identical with those for a single dr     

大长径比细长颗粒的沉降实验和曳力系数的关联

引　言对球状颗粒的研究已取得丰硕的成果[1] ,但对其他形状颗粒的研究则较少 ,特别是细长颗粒 .形状的特殊性使细长颗粒的曳力系数与球状颗粒明显不同 ,仅有的文献[2～ 4] 将研究重点放在静止液体中颗粒沉降时的取向和终端沉降速度 ,且一般采用球形度表示曳力系数 ,颗粒长径比     

斜管沉淀的评价指标

本文提出了斜管沉淀的六项评价指标。水力半径Ｒ，单位液面的斜管沉淀面积Ａｓ，单位体积斜管材料耗量ＭＡ，粘接面百分数Ｐ，滑泥性能，以及斜管体整体强度。提出各指标的定性评价标准。推导出四种斜管四项指标定量表达式。对比分析了四种斜管的性能，指出缺角正方形斜管最佳。