玉米谷氨酰胺转胺酶基因的克隆及原核表达

从玉米嫩叶中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR的方法扩增出玉米谷氨酰胺转胺酶(TGase)全长基因,回收目的片段并测序,该基因编码区全长1605bp,编码535个氨基酸残基,分子量为60.9kD,与GenBank(登录号：AJ421525)上已发表的序列同源性为100%。按正确的阅读框架将玉米TGase基因片段定向克隆到表达载体pET-28a上,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)菌株,1mmol/L IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达,经凝胶分析软件测得蛋白表达量约占总蛋白的15%,以His-Tag抗体作为一抗,采用Western-blot方法检测目的蛋白,结果证明所表达的特异蛋白是带有His-Tag的重组融合蛋白,利用Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖树脂亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE鉴定为单一条带,测得纯化后的TGase酶活力达到16U/mg。     

转谷氨酰胺酶酶原在枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中的表达

以茂原链霉菌(Streptomyces mobaraensis)基因组 DNA 为模板,PCR扩增得到转谷氨酰胺酶酶原基因(pro-transglutaminase,pro-TG),经pMD18-T载体亚克隆到表达载pBEp43(+),然后转化到枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) WB800中,经过32...     

纳豆激酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达

以纳豆芽孢杆菌HL-1全基因组DNA为模板,PCR分别扩增编码信号肽、前导肽及成熟肽的前纳豆激酶原基因序列(pre-pro-NK),编码前导肽、成熟肽的纳豆激酶原基因序列(pro-NK)和只编码成熟肽的纳豆激酶基因序列(NK),构建了大肠杆菌表达质粒pET28a-NK表达前纳豆激酶原基因及大肠杆菌-枯草杆菌穿梭质粒pHT315-NK表达纳豆激酶原基因和纳豆激酶基因,实现了纳豆激酶基因在大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达,并进行了活性分析。     

铜绿假单胞菌脂肪酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的克隆与表达

利用PCR方法从分泌脂肪酶的铜绿假单胞菌基因组DNA中扩增得到了脂肪酶基因,并测定其核苷酸序列,利用基因重组技术构建了脂肪酶基因的分泌表达载体,并在枯草芽孢杆菌中进行了分泌表达。SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明,表达蛋白占发酵液中蛋白的25%,采用NaOH碱滴定法测定其发酵液酶活为15.26U/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌克隆与表达微小毛霉凝乳酶基因

从自制的酒酿利用酪蛋白培养基分离纯化到了一株产凝乳酶的微小毛霉菌株（ZZMZ-19）,从ZZM-19菌株的cDNA文库筛选到了两个凝乳酶基因chl和ch2并实现了凝乳酶基因ch1和ch2在枯草芽孢杆菌菌株（ZZMZ-01）中的的克隆与表达。chl和曲2阳性克隆菌株在酪蛋白培养基r1]发酵30h左右的时间凝乳酶酶活达到最人,分别为48．27SU／mL和41．02SU／mL,相比出发菌株发酵时间缩短了15h。用交联葡聚糖凝胶柱G100分离纯化其发酵卜清液后,用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法测得CHII和cHIII分子草分别为32ku和30ku。     

耐热β-半乳糖苷酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的克隆和表达

用PCR的方法从嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stearothermophilis ATCC8005)染色体DNA中扩增到耐热β- 半乳糖苷酶基因bgaB,装载到大肠-枯草穿梭质粒pZZ01中,并将其转化到枯草杆菌宿主WB600中进行表达。在1%的淀粉培养基上摇瓶培养,36h时酶活达到24U/mL,和大肠杆菌pET系统相当。同时产酶出现了2个增长时期,第1阶段在对数生长期,第2阶段在静止期,这和重叠启动子P43的性质是相吻合的。     

耐酸Bacillus velezensis P7木聚糖酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达及优化

为获得适应于酒糟酸性环境的木聚糖酶,将内源微生物耐酸性环境的野生Bacillus velezensis P7木聚糖酶基因克隆到枯草芽孢杆菌WB800中,纯化后通过SDS-PAGE电泳显示出约40 ku的蛋白多肽。为增加枯草芽孢WB800-P7工程菌株在高密度发酵中细胞外分泌木聚糖酶的产量,进行诱导和培养条件优化,用正交试验分析得出温度对产酶影响最大,确定菌株分泌重组蛋白的条件结果表明：最佳诱导条件为OD600 0.8、IPTG 1.2 mmol/L,最佳发酵条件为pH 6.0、培养温度35 ℃、接种量2%、摇床转速160 r/min。在该条件下发酵16 h,经重复验证,酶活力达到4.21 IU,与优化前相比,酶活力提高了64.45%。并探究重组酶的耐受性,结果表明在强酸性到中性条件下（pH 5.0~7.0）,其残余酶活力达到初始酶活力的80%以上。试验成功构建了木聚糖酶工程菌并较好表达蛋白,且重组木聚糖酶在酸性条件的耐受性良好。     

高活性谷氨酰胺酶基因glsA_2在枯草芽孢杆菌BJ3-2染色体上的定点整合

以枯草芽孢杆菌BJ3-2的glsA1基因为同源序列,通过构建单交换整合载体,将高活性谷氨酰胺酶基因glsA2定点整合入BJ3-2菌株染色体中,获得能够稳定遗传的重组菌株BJ3-2A2。经检测重组菌株谷氨酰胺酶活力为BJ3-2菌株的3.36倍。利用重组菌株BJ3-2A2发酵豆豉,全氨基酸检测显示,重组菌株发酵的豆豉谷氨酸含量比出发菌株高12.8%。说明枯草芽孢杆菌BJ3-2可以转化且为RecE+菌株,glsA2基因在BJ3-2菌株染色体上可实现较高活性表达,并提高发酵豆豉的鲜味。     

酸性α-淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达

酸性α-淀粉酶是发酵行业用量最大的酶类,为了实现酸性α-淀粉酶基因的高效表达,将本实验室已经克隆得到的去信号肽的酸性α-淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌WB600宿主中进行表达,成功的构建了表达菌株pHT43-amy/WB600。在初始菌浓度OD600为0.8时加入终浓度为0.9 mmol/L的IPTG,诱导6 h的条件下测得酶活力为1 230 U/mL,又由于宿主菌WB600外分泌蛋白较少,因此具有明显的生产优势。     

重组普鲁兰酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达

普鲁兰酶可特异性地水解支链淀粉得到直链淀粉,因而在淀粉加工过程中具有重要的应用。本研究从Bacillus naganoensis ATCC53909基因组中克隆了普鲁兰酶基因pul,并克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体p BE中,构建表达载体p BE-pul。在此基础上,将来源于枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌中的17个高表达基因的启动子分别克隆到表达载体p BE-pul中,并转化至Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051?10,成功构建了十七株含有不同启动子介导普鲁兰酶分泌表达的重组菌株。对重组菌株的分泌表达比较发现,启动子P43和Pspov G介导的普鲁兰酶活性明显优于其他启动子,其中Pspov G介导的普鲁兰酶活性更高。同时,还使用了启动子Pspov G介导N端的108个氨基酸缺失的pul324突变体进行分泌表达。通过对17种启动子的比较和两个普鲁兰酶基因的比较,本研究构建的一株重组菌株的普鲁兰酶的表达更为高效,其活性高达389.85 U/mL,后者显著高于现有的相关报道。     

CLONING OF A YEAST GENE WHICH CAUSES PHENOLIC OFF-FLAVOURS IN BEER

A gene (POF1) has been cloned, which confers upon yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) the ability to decarboxylate phenolic acids such as ferulic and trans-cinnamic acid. This property was previously shown to be a cause of phenolic off-flavour production in wort fermentations. The identity of the cloned gene was confirmed as POF1 by gene disruption techniques. Southern blotting of total genomic DNA revealed that sequences homologous to POF1 are conserved in Pof^? brewing strains of Sacch. cerevisiae. The transformation of a Pof^? lager strain with the cloned POF1 gene led to the production of an aroma characteristic of a phenolic off-flavour, when the transformed strain was used in wort fermentations. This latter observation suggests that the Pof^? phenotype of brewers' yeast is specifically due to the absence of a functional POF1 gene.     

紫外线对梨清汁中大肠杆菌的杀灭作用研究

研究了果汁厚度、辐射距离、辐射时间和杀菌温度4个因素对紫外线杀灭接种在梨清汁中的大肠杆菌的影响.并通过正交实验得出各因素的最佳组合.结果表明:辐射时间和果汁厚度对紫外线的杀菌效果影响最为显著.当果汁厚度为0.5mm,辐射时间为5 min,辐射距离为10 cm,杀菌温度为30℃时,杀菌率可达99.95%.     

EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE SALTS AND TRANSGLUTAMINASE IN PREVENTION OF FREEZE CRACKING IN FROZEN DICED BROILER BREAST

Raw broiler breast meat was cooked and diced to 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm ³ then frozen under air‐blast, still‐air and cryogenic conditions. It was found that freezing with cryogenic at ?70C at a rate of 37.50 cm/h produced 38.34% cracked pieces and increasing the freezing rate produced more cracked pieces. Cracking could be found on up to four sides of the dice. A small increase in the moisture of the dice drastically increased the cracking. Tumbling the meat with 1% sodium triphosphate solution prior to cooking and freezing at ?70C reduced the amount of freeze cracking in the product from 47.50 to 24.17%. Tumbling the meat with 0.5% transglutaminase (TGase) reduced the cracked product to 25.84%. Increasing TGase not only increased the moisture content of the products but also reduced the number of cracked products. The TGase‐treated dices had narrower and shorter cracks than phosphate‐treated and without treatment dices.     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶在食品加工中的应用

介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的一些功能特性，并对其在食品中的应用进行了综述。     

INACTIVATION OF E. COLI 0157:H7 IN APPLE CIDER BY OZONE AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND CONCENTRATIONS

The effect of temperature (5–20C) at 860 ppm (v/v) ozone and different gaseous ozone concentrations above 1,000 ppm on inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider was studied. Lag times ranged from 3.5 min at 20C to 6.7 min at 10C before the on-set of E. coli O157:H7 inactivation. D-values ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 min at 20C and 5C, respectively. After ozone treatment of cider for 14 min, dissipation of ozone from cider was slow, decreasing to about 5 mg/L after 2 h at 5C. At high gaseous ozone concentration, log time was shortest and D-value lowest. There was a critical concentration of dissolved ozone of about 5–6 mg/L at 20C, before the on-set of E. coli O157:H7 inactivation in the cider. Total processing times, based on lag time plus 5D, ranged from about 4 to 14 min depending on temperature and ozone concentration. Overall, inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 by ozone was fast enough to allow practical applications in cider production, and it should be considered as an alternative to thermal pasteurization.     

PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE FROM STREPTOVERTICILLIUM MOBARAENSE

Transglutaminase (TGase) was separated from the culture broth of an isolated strain of Streptoverticillium mobaraense. The crude enzyme was prepared by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, precipitation by alcohol, centrifugation and freeze‐drying. The yield after these processes was 65–70%. Then the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on CM‐cellulose and Sephadex G‐75 on which the yields were about 70% and 80%, respectively; the purified folds reached 2.5–4.7 and 1.08–2.06, respectively. The molecular weight of this TGase was 39,500–40,100 Da by gel filtration chromatography. Optimum enzyme activity was observed in the pH range of 5.0–7.0, and it was maintained stable at 20–40C. The optimal temperature and pH was 52C and 6.0, respectively. At 1 mM and 5 mM metal ion or inhibitors concentration, TGase activity was strongly inhibited by Zn²⁺ and NEM, and not affected obviously by Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺ as well as PMSF and EDTA. The effects of these additions on this TGase were compared with those of other microbial TGases.     

香菇谷氨酰胺转氨酶的酶学性质研究

采用超滤浓缩,乙醇沉淀,冷冻干燥和SephadexG-100层析等方法,获得香菇谷氨酰胺转氨酶粗酶及纯酶,对其酶学性质进行研究.结果表明:香菇中谷氨酰胺转氨酶粗酶的最适反应温度为40℃,温度稳定范围在50℃以下,最适PH为6.0,pH稳定范围在5.0～7.0,Na+、Ca2+等离子对该酶的活性影响甚微,为非Ca2+依赖性酶;纯酶的最适温度为40℃,以Nα-CBZ-Gin-Gly为底物时香菇谷氨酰胺转氨酶的Vmax为0.020mg/(mL·min),Km为1.520g/L.     

牛奶中大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌的快速检测

大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌是两种导致奶牛乳房炎的重要致病菌,这两种致病菌的检测有助于及时诊断和治疗奶牛乳房炎,从而有效控制牛奶质量.利用16S-23S rDNA间区作为检测靶点,建立牛奶中大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌的快速PCR检测方法,并对该检测方法的灵敏度和特异性进行了确认.结果显示,该方法对于牛奶中大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌的检出限均能够达到1 cfu/mL,并且与其它7种对照菌株均无交叉反应,整个检测过程可在20 h内完成.