Effect of super heat treatment on crystallization behavior and magnetic properties of Nd4.5Fe77B18.5 nanocomposites

Melt-spun Nd4.5Fe77B18.5 ribbons were prepared under various superheat temperatures.The microstructure characteristics,crystallization behavior,and subsequent magnetic properties of Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite magnets were investigated using X-ray diffraction,differential thermal analysis,and vibrating sample magnetometry.It was shown that melt spinning at different quenching temperatures caused the as-quenched ribbons to have distinctive crystallization behavior.Depending on superheat temperature,phase tra...     

纳米晶交换耦合稀土粘结永磁体磁性能与制备工艺参数间关系的研究

本文利用熔体快淬工艺将成分为Ｎｄ８．１６Ｄｙ１Ｆｅ８５．２６Ｎｂ１Ｂ４．５８的合金在三种不同淬速（１２．２５、１６．３３、２８．６ｍ／ｓ）下制备成非晶快淬条带,并在热处理后经快速淬火而制得纳米永磁体。利用ＴＥＭ和ＸＲＤ方法,对晶化后的稀土永磁粉进行了微结构分析与表征,初步探讨了淬速及晶化条件（包括晶化温度和时间）对稀土粘结永磁体磁性能的影响规律,获得了较高矫顽力的纳米交换耦合稀土粘结永磁体。     

Crystallization and Microstructure Evolution of Amorphous Al85 Y4 Nd4 Fe7 Alloy

A rapidly solidified Al85Y4Nd4Fe7(%, in nominal atomic fraction) alloy was prepared by melt spinning. Asquenched and as-annealed microstructures were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Fully amorphous structure could be obtained in the rapidly solidified Al85Y4Nd4Fe7 alloy ribbons. The temperature of first crystallization exceeds 300℃. Crystallization of as-annealed Al85Y4Nd4Fe7 alloy is shown to occur in two stages : ( 1 ) primary crystallization of α-Al; (2) formation of Al3Y, Al13Fe4 and unknown crystalline phases.     

Differences of element distribution between free and wheel side surface of NdFeB/α-Fe ribbons

The ribbons of NdFeB/α-Fe composite alloy were prepared by melt spinning and post crystallizing technique.The element distri-butions and phase component of both surfaces of as-spun ribbons were measured by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD).Because of the centrifugation,a segregation of B,Fe,and Nd concentrations was observed at the cross section.After crystallizing annealing,the element concentration segregation still existed in the as-crystallized ribbons.Due to the segregation of B,Fe,and Nd,the B-rich phase was observed near the wheel side surface.The B-rich phase may deteriorate the magnetic property of NdFeB/α-Fe composite alloy.     

双相纳米晶Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe磁体的热稳定性研究

采用快淬法制备出成分为Nd8.5Fe75Co5Cu1 Zr3Nb1 B6 .5和Nd8.5Fe74 Co5Cu1 Nb1 Zr3Cr1 B6 .5的双相纳米晶永磁材料 ,加入粘结剂后制成粘结磁体 ,研究了其磁性的热稳定性和抗氧化性能。结果发现 ,两种双相纳米晶磁体都具有较好的抗氧化性能 ,且在一定温度处理后磁通损耗较少 ,其中加入合金元素Cr后效果尤为明显。     

Phase formation with NaZn13 structure in metamagnetic La(Fe1-xCox)11.9Si1.1 compounds

The effects of different annealing conditions on the phase formation with NaZn13 structure were investigated in La(Fe1-xCox)11.9Si1.1(x=0.068) compounds. It was found that the 1:13 phase was not formed directly from the melt upon cooling but via a peritectic reaction between the pro-peritectic γ-Fe and the La-rich phase. Annealing temperature was very important for the formation of 1:13 phase. Ice water was confirmed to be a preferable quenching medium. La(Fe1-xCox)11.9Si1.1(x=0.068) compounds with almost single 1:13 phase were obtained at 1473 K after 15 d.     

La_(15-x)Nd_xFe_(14)Ni_(64)Mn_5B_2(x=0～6)储氢合金的结构和电化学性能

采用中频感应熔炼-快淬炉制备了La15-xNdxFe14Ni64Mn5B2(x=0、2、4、6)储氢合金。扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)分析表明,这些合金由(La,Nd)Ni5相、(Fe,Ni)相和(La,Nd)3Ni13B2相组成。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,Nd含量对合金的相组成没有影响,但随Nd含量的增加,衍射峰向高角度方向轻微位移。电化学测试表明,随x值的增大,合金电极的放电容量及高倍率放电能力(HRD)先增加后减小,x=2时的放电容量(302mAh.g-1)最高,HRD值(1050 mA.g-1放电时为65.6%)最大。充放电循环稳定性随x值的增大而增加。适量的Nd替代La有利于改善LaFeNiMnB储氢合金的综合电化学性能。     

Preparation of Rapidly Quenching （ Nd, Pr ） 12 （ FeCoZr ）82 B6 Alloy and Magnetic Properties of Bonded Magnets

TheanisotropyfieldHAofPr2 Fe14 Bisabout 30 %higherthanthatofNd2 Fe14 Bwhichresultsinhighin trinsiccoercivityfornanocrystallineexchangecoupledcompositepermanentmagnets .SothePr basedisotropicbondedmagnetshavecurrentlyattractedmuchattentions[1～ 4 ] .Howeverthistypeofpermanentmagnethasnotbeenusedinpractice .Thereexistmagneticinteractionsbetweenadja centgrainseitherinnanocrystallinecompositemagnetsorinanassemblyofsinglehardmagneticphaseofrareearth transitionmetalintermetalliccompounds[5～ 8] …     

X-ray study of the decomposition of metastable Al-rich Al-Fe solid solutions

The extension of the solid-solubility limit obtained in Al-Fe alloys up to 4.4 at. pct Fe by rapid quenching from the melt and the appearance of metastable Al₆Fe phase for 4 to 20 wt pct Fe have been reported in the past. Present experiments with isochronal and isothermal annealing of Al-Fe solid solutions containing 3.6 at. pct Fe have shown that the solutions are very stable at room temperature, and less stable at 200°C, while at 300°C they decompose very rapidly and a metastable Al₆Fe phase appears. This phase is replaced by Al₃Fe after annealing for 10 min at 550°C or for 16 hr at 400°C. The Al₆Fe phase remains stable for 76 hr at 300°C, while taking more than 670 hr to be replaced by Al₃Fe. The author discusses the operation of the “two-piston” quenching apparatus and concludes that the sample thickness cannot serve as a sufficient criterion for quenching effectiveness.     

热处理状态对H13模具钢渗氮层的影响

 采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及显微硬度等技术,综合比较和分析了H13模具钢在不同热处理状态下经相同气体渗氮处理后表层的组织结构和硬度。结果表明,经淬火＋二次回火和淬火+三次回火的试样渗氮后,渗氮层厚度均达到约0.24 mm,致密化合物层厚度达到10 μm以上,表面硬度HV达到950 (约为HRC 67)。这两种热处理状态下渗层中化合物层均由ε相（Fe2N）、γ′相和Fe3O4构成,扩散层均由α Fe相、ε相（Fe3N）、CrN相和γ′相构成,但各相含量有差别。而淬火态和淬火+一次回火态的渗氮试样未能获得具有足够好综合性能的渗层组织。     

Effects of Alloying Elements on Microstructure and Magnetic Anisotropy of the HDDR Powder ofNd-Fe-B Alloy

ＥｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＡｌｏｙｉｎｇＥｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｎＭｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＭａｇｎｅｔｉｃＡｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｙｏｆｔｈｅＨＤＤＲＰｏｗｄｅｒｏｆＮｄＦｅＢＡｌｏｙＧａｏＪｉａｎｒｏｎｇ（高建荣），ＳｏｎｇＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（宋晓平），Ｗａ...     

A Study of Microstructure and Performance of Quenching Fe‐V‐W‐Mo Alloy

The critical points and time temperature transformation (TTT) curves of Fe‐5%V‐5%W‐5%Mo‐5%Cr‐3%Nb‐2%Co (Fe‐V‐W‐Mo) were measured, and the effects of quenching temperature and cooling modes on the microstructure and performance of Fe‐V‐W‐Mo alloy were investigated. The results showed that the hardness of Fe‐V‐W‐Mo alloy increased until the quenching temperature reached 1025°C and dropped down as the quenching temperature exceeded 1050°C in oil cooling. The hardness obtained in air cooling and spray cooling exhibited a similar tendency as that in oil cooling, but the temperature at which the highest hardness was obtained in these slower cooling processes changed to a higher range. The hot hardness and toughness of Fe‐V‐W‐Mo alloy increased with rising quenching temperature until it reached 1150°C, and from then on the toughness began to drop. The main reasons why the structures and properties of Fe‐V‐W‐Mo alloy obviously change under different quenching conditions are particularly analysed at last.     

Heat flow model of glass formation and crystallization on rapid quenching

The theoretical model of glass formation and partial crystallization during rapid solidification of a metallic melt describes the homogeneous nucleation within the undercooled melt as well as the heat transfer into the metallic chill substrate. The calculated maximum thicknesses of amorphous foils at quenching onto a copper substrate increase in the order of alloys FeC, FeB, NiSiB and PdSi. Reducing the foil-substrate heat transfer coefficient, increasing the casting temperature and utilizing a steel substrate cause the attainable amorphous foil thickness to decrease. In foils with a large volume fraction crystallized the cooling process is not monotonous. The minimum density of quenched-in nuclei is situated at the substrate-side surface in amorphous foils and at the surface away from the substrate in crystalline foils.     

Effect of External Electric Field on Phase Selection and Stability of Amorphous （Nd0. 1 Fe0.9 ）3 B Alloy

Anexternalelectricfieldiswidelyusedtocontrolthemicrostructureandpropertiesofvariousmaterials ,suchasliquid crystallinepolymers[1,2 ] ,oxideglass es[3～ 5] ,ferroelectricmaterials[6 ,7] .Thesufficientlystrongelectricfieldcaninduceacholesteric to nemat icphasetransformationinliquidcrystallinepolymers .Thephaseseparationkineticsduetotheappliedelec tricfieldwasfirstreportedforoxideglassesbydeVekeyandMajumdar[8] .Subsequently ,Liuetal.systematicallystudiedtheeffectofanelectricfieldonthephasesepara…     

Coercivity enhancement of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets through neodymium diffusion under annealing

The coercivity enhancement of ball-milled Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets was investigated. It was found that the coercivity could be enhanced through mixing a small amount of Nd powder with as-milled Fe-rich Nd-Fe-B powders. The annealed samples were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and magnetic measurement systems. Under annealing, some of Nd powders promoted the formation of hard magnetic phase Nd2Fe14B. On the other hand, a few of Nd would diffuse into the interface of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite to compensate for the loss of the interfacial magnetic anisotropy. These two features are all beneficial to the coercivity.     

工艺参数对电沉积Fe-Nd-P合金成分的影响

采用恒电流沉积法，在含有NdCl3的酸性镀液中获得了不同Nd含量的Fe—Nd—P合金薄膜，通过改变主盐浓度比、络和剂浓度、电流密度、镀液pH值等参数，研究了Fe—Nd—P合金薄膜中Nd含量的变化规律。结果表明，主盐浓度比、络和剂浓度、电流密度、镀液pH值等参数都会影响到镀层中Nd的含量。     

PAIV萃淋树脂分离铁溶液中微量钕的研究

研究了０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＰＡＩＶ（酰胺荚醚）－６０％煤油－４０％辛醇在硝酸体系中对钕和铁的萃取及负载有机相在不同反萃液中的反萃行为。进而研究了钕和铁在ＰＡＩＶ萃淋树脂色层柱上的吸附及淋洗行为。通过改变淋洗剂组成和浓度，能将微克钕和毫克铁分离。分别用分光光度法和原子吸收法测定钕和铁，钕的回收率９６．７％，铁的回收率９５％以上。     

Metastable phases produced by laser melt quenching

A Nd: glass laser has been used to produce and retain metastable phases which are similar to phases obtained by rapid quenching (“splat cooling”) techniques. A single laser pulse of 10 msec duration was focused onto the surface of an alloy specimen to provide a beam intensity of approximately 3.7 × 10⁵ watts per sq cm. A small volume of metal in the relatively large specimen immediately underwent melting. Upon cessation of the laser pulse, the molten metal solidified very quickly. Extremely rapid cooling was achieved due to the presence of nearly ideal conditions for conduction cooling. Laser melting of various alloys of the eutectic Ag-Cu system resulted in a complete series of solid solutions, as verified by X-ray analysis. In addition, the laser melt quenching technique provided a threefold increase in microhardness of the resolidified metal. Formerly Western Electric Engineering Research Center, Princeton, N. J. 08540     

Grain Growth Behavior in Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets

The Nd2Fe14B grain growth behavior in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was quantitatively described.The effects of sintering temperature and time,and alloy powder size and its distribution on grain growth process were analyzed.Hence,possible grain growth mechanisms in these magnets were qualitatively discussed.The Nd2Fe14B grain growth proceeded at quite a high rate in the initial 0~1 h of sintering and from then onwards the grain growth rate decreased.A large average particle size or a wide particle size distribution of initial alloy powders was found to remarkably accelerate the grain growth process and even result in the occurrence of abnormal grain growth.On the basis of experimental results,two grain growth mechanisms were considered to operate during sintering of Nd-Fe-B magnets,that is,dissolution and re-precipitation of Nd2Fe14B particles,and Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence.It was believed that Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence not only produced a large average grain size and a wide grain size distribution,but also was the fundamental reason for the formation of abnormally large grains in the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

Investigation of Coercivity Mechanism for Nd-Fe-B Magnets Prepared by Combination of Strip-Casting with Hydrogen Decrepitation Techniques

The coercivity mechanism of Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by combination of strip-casting with hydrogen decrepi-tation techniques was investigated. The microstructure of (Nd0.935Dy0.065)14.5Fe79.4B6.1 magnet was observed. The average grain size is about 6 ～ 12 μm. The magnetizing field dependence of the hardmagnetic properties for the (Nd0.935Dy0.065)14.5 Fe79.4B6.1 and the temperature dependence of the coercivity for the Nd14.5Fe79.4B6.1 were investigated. Results show that the coereivity for magnets prepared by the combination of strip-casting with hydrogen decrepitation techniques is controlled by the nucleation mechanism.