Modelling and analysis of productivity teamwork based on information technology

Organizations are usually represented and evaluated by their output. Therefore, all procedures and models which may affect and improve output attract the attention of researchers. The effects of organizing work teams as one essential resource of organizations, in addition to the structure, size and effectiveness of the team, are also considered important factors. This paper reports on an investigation performed to define a model to explain how the results of teamwork may improve production, while considering the role of IT as an effective parameter. Also, it is shown that if there is a number of IT improvement options, there may be a mix of IT improvement and team size increase that will yield the most cost efficient increase in team output.     

我国物流信息系统的市场需求分析

阐述了物流信息技术在物流企业降低成本、加速资金周转、提高决策水平等方面的重要作用.分析了物流信息系统的市场需求形式及特点:决策依赖于信息,以流程改造为主且具有较强操作优化功能,建立企业之间战略合作伙伴关系的供应链.这对构建我国企业物流信息系统,实现企业物流信息化具有较好的参考价值.     

Decomposition of perceived usefulness: A theoretical perspective and empirical test

Information technology (IT) research largely treats perceived usefulness as a simple concept reflecting system effectiveness in improving task productivity. In the context of continuing use of modern IS – complex systems capable of supporting various uses – this approach is overly simplistic. This simplicity negatively affects content validity of the key determinants of IT use, thereby biasing research findings and conclusions. This study applies affordance theory integrated with uses and gratifications to conceptualize the factor of usefulness as a multidimensional construct accounting for the complexity of modern IT. This perspective is empirically tested using a cross-sectional survey sample of 218 university-student Facebook users. The results of the analysis affirm that the proposed conceptualization of perceived usefulness is valid. The study contributes by depicting the mechanism by which usefulness beliefs shape users’ decisions, and by demonstrating that using a multidimensional approach to measure conceptually complex constructs can lead to more accurate prediction and explanation of IT usage.     

Information technology diffusion in higher education

This project examines information technology (IT) planning, implementation, and diffusion in an academic environment, that of Portland Community College (PCC), the largest college in Oregon. PCC tries to keep pace with the latest technologies by anticipating and implementing new technology solutions in efficient and effective deployments. IT managers and employees at PCC were asked to complete a survey that included questions about IT planning, implementation, and diffusion. This paper proposes a conceptual framework based on previous models of technology adoption. The integrated, three-stage framework involves IT planning, actual IT implementation, and IT diffusion. The study identified adequate training and resistance to change as leading obstacles to IT deployment processes.     

含能材料机械撞击感度判据的认识和发展

擅击感度"判据"的发展进程经历了上百年时间,由"爆炸概率"、"特性落高"到"爆炸的临界压力,炸药层的临界厚度"共经过了三个阶段.爆炸概率粗犷地区分各类炸药的擅击感度;特性落高可辨别每类炸药的撞击感度,尤其是高感度的炸药,如硝胺类化合物;而爆炸的临界压力和炸药的临界厚度则反映了在撞击作用下炸药发生快速反应的机理,可以更细微地分辨每种炸药的撞击感度.爆炸概率和特性落高适用于炸药撞击感度的常规检测,爆炸的临界压力和炸药的临界厚度适用于炸药撞击感度的理论研究.     

Information technology in Chile: How perceptions and use are related to age, gender, and social class

A survey was conducted in two cities in Chile to determine the perceptions and use of information technology (IT) by people of different ages and genders, and from different social classes. The survey results show that the main variable influencing IT use and perception is social class: the higher a user's social class, the more positive their perception of IT and the more frequent their use. In contrast, age is generally inversely correlated to the perception and use of IT. In the case of gender, the data indicates that it has the least importance when explaining differences in use and perception of IT. Finally, the study found a “social halo effect” regarding people's perception of IT usefulness. In general, individuals perceive IT to be more useful for society at large than it is useful for them.     

Practitioners’ perceptions of the Brazilian environmental impact assessment system: results from a survey

Practitioners play a key role in implementing environmental impact assessment (EIA) policies. Gauging their perception can help in designing legislation or regulation reforms and signals what needs more attention in research. The Brazilian EIA system is under review by lawmakers, but there is scant information about the views of professionals. A survey was conducted to inquiry on practitioners’ perception of the Brazilian EIA system regarding: (1) quality of the process, (2) quality of the environmental impact studies (EIS), and (3) proposals to change the system. Four hundred and fourteen professionals participated in an online survey responding to 44 questions. Results show positive perceptions about some aspects of current practice, but there is a clear predominance of negative appraisal both about the quality of the process and the quality of EIS. The poorest practices are the consideration of cumulative impacts and determination of impact significance. As for proposals to change the system, respondents defend the continuity of specific characteristics of the Brazilian system. Essentially, practitioners are calling for incremental changes that do not require any modification in the legislation.     

Using supply chain management to enhance industry—university collaborations in IT higher education in Korea

Facing such serious problems in cultivating IT engineers as a mismatch in supply and demand of IT workers, shortage of globally competitive IT professionals, and insufficient education and training of university graduates, the Korean government has decided to adopt a new paradigm in national IT engineering education, based on supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing. SCM weights improving competitiveness of the supply chain as a whole via a long-term commitment to supply chain relationships and a cooperative, integrated approach to business processes. These characteristics of SCM are believed to provide insight into a more effective IT education and industry-university relationship. On the basis of the SCM literature, a model for industry-oriented IT higher education is designed, and then applied in the field of computer-software engineering in Korea.     

How to select suitable manufacturing information system outsourcing projects by using TOPSIS method

Modern business management depends on information technology (IT) deeply. However, most companies, especially manufacturing, are not good at IT. But IT is very important and complex to the manufacturing industry. Numerous manufacturing now outsource their information system (IS) projects to Information Service Providers (ISP) instead of developing in-house. This work classifies the critical objectives for selecting manufacturing information system outsourcing projects into benefit-related objectives and cost-related objectives and then formulates a goal programming (GP) model. Interactions between manufacturing information system projects and availability of scarce resources are also considered into constraints of the model. However, because of the incommensurability and conflicting nature of these objectives, the GP model becomes complex. The method called ‘technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution’ (TOPSIS) and the fuzzy set theory are employed to simplify the complex GP solving process and reflect the preferences of managers. A case study of a TV assembly company in Taiwan illustrates the feasibility of the proposed model.     

Weighted gene co expression network analysis (WGCNA) with key pathways and hub‐genes related to micro RNAs in ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. However, the specific mechanism of gene interplay and the biological function in IS are not clear. Therefore, more research into IS is necessary. Dataset {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE110993","term_id":"110993"}}GSE110993 including 20 ischemic stroke (IS) and 20 control specimens are used to establish both groups and the raw RNA‐seq data were analysed. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen the key micro‐RNA modules. The centrality of key genes were determined by module membership (mm) and gene significance (GS). The key pathways were identified by enrichment analysis with Kyoto Protocol Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG), and the key genes were validated by protein‐protein interactions network. Result: Upon investigation, 1185 up‐ and down‐regulated genes were gathered and distributed into three modules in response to their degree of correlation to clinical traits of IS, among which the turquoise module show a trait‐correlation of 0.77. The top 140 genes were further identified by GS and MM. KEGG analysis showed two pathways may evolve in the progress of IS. Discussion: CXCL12 and EIF2a may be important biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and treatment in IS.     

企业流程再造中IT技术作用的案例分析

通过Ａ集团的ＩＴ技术应用的案例,分析了ＩＴ技术在企业流程再造中的作用,对Ａ集团的决策、财务、设计、制造、检测、仓库管理、售后服务、办公自动化等业务流程再造中ＩＴ技术的作用进行了详细的研究。认为ＩＴ技术在流程再造中确实起到了使能器和实现器的作用。     

不同自润滑相尺寸和分布位置对自润滑表面膜形成的影响

采用分步高能球磨、快速感应烧结制备Ni基耐高温自润滑涂层IS304(IS:Induction Sintering), 涂层中高温润滑相BaF₂/CaF₂尺寸仅为1mm左右、低温润滑相Ag尺寸小于2mm, 并且BaF₂/CaF₂主要分布于强化相Cr₂O₃中.摩擦实验中当温度为室温~250℃时,IS304涂层的摩擦系数较高, 由于润滑相尺寸的细化以及润滑相BaF₂/CaF₂分布位置的改变,使得摩擦副在高速瞬时接触中产生的瞬态温升可以有效地激活BaF₂/CaF₂的自润滑性能,最终在压力及摩擦力的作用下形成自润滑表面膜, 使得IS304涂层在280℃时即可具有较低的摩擦系数     

The design process and the ‘crisis’ in the UK information technology industry

The competitive position of UK information technology (IT) manufacturers in the expanding markets for IT equipment is declining. A recent report published by the National Economic Development Council (NEDC)¹ describes the situation facing the UK IT industry as one of ‘crisis’.This paper reports some of the findings of an investigation, conducted by the Design Innovation Group at the Open University, into the role of design in the competitiveness of manufacturers of IT equipment. The approach to design and development of four UK companies is examined in detail. It is argued that the supplier's lack of attention to design for user needs contributes to the ‘crisis’ situation expressed by the NEDC.     

Determinants of scale efficiency in the Brazilian 3PL industry: a 10-year analysis

This paper focuses on the Brazilian third-party logistics (3PL) sector which, facing increasing competition, offers clients a wide variety of services/IT technologies in the quest to bolster efficiency. The main research objective is to determine which variables significantly impact the 3PLs' scale efficiency by applying a two-stage DEA model. Based on an unbalanced panel model, secondary data from the annual study published by Revista Tecnologística (years 2001–2010) were collected and analysed. The required inputs and outputs for the analysis were identified, as were the contextual variables that can affect the scale efficiency of the 3PLs. The results support findings in the literature regarding the role coordination processes play in logistics performance. Managerial implications for both shippers and 3PLs are discussed.     

Project planning and risk management as a success factor for IT projects in agricultural schools in Serbia

Enterprises and business systems are introducing modern information and communication technologies into their organizations to improve their business processes and gain a competitive advantage. Theoretical research, as well as research carried out in practice, unambiguously indicate that companies take this step without the necessary professional analysis of business processes and insufficient knowledge of the project management methodology. Also, in this area there is a lack of adequate literature, especially in the field of information technology (IT) project management. This paper provides a new approach for research in the field of project management throughout a studious analysis of risk management in IT projects. To confirm hypotheses, this paper examines and outlines concrete IT management solutions in business systems with emphasis on education organizations, which leads to business improvement and achievement of positive business results.     

Coupled Effects of Temperature Gradient and Oxidation on the Thermal Barrier Coating Failure

The present article reviews the investigation about the coupled effects of temperature gradient and oxidation on the failure of thermal barrier ceramic coatings in the past ten years in our laboratory. The investigations include the experimental and theoretical study. On the experimental investigation, the heating method, non-destructive evaluation and interface properties are mainly reviewed. An attempt is done for developing four different heating methods, which are furnace heating, burner heating, plasma heating and laser beam heating. The non-destructive evaluation such as temperature test, acoustic emission (AE) signals detected and impedance spectroscopy (IS) method are successfully used in the study of TBCs system degradation. The interface properties such as oxidation and fracture toughness are studied by test and observation. On the theoretical investigation, the temperature fields and the related thermal stresses fields are analytical solved where the coupling effect of temperature gradient, oxidation, thermal fatigue, creep, morphology of the TBC system as well as the cooling rate are considered. The delamination cracking in thermal barrier coating system with ceramic coating deposited on a substrate is analytical studied. Due to the complication of TBCs degradation, a real physical map of TBCs system failure is not obtained up to now. The investigation on the further is proposed.     

The under-representation of women in information technology and computing in the Middle East: A perspective from Jordan

This paper presents the results of a study on the participation of women in computing and information technology (IT) in Jordan. It investigates the percentages of women at all levels of education—from the secondary level through the graduate level—and their participation in the IT workforce. Women in Jordan are still under-represented in the computing and IT fields, and my study explores possible reasons for the under-representation and what can be done to increase women's participation. Despite the fact that the worldwide participation of women in computing has been declining steadily to very low levels, that is not the case in Jordan. This study found that the percentage of Jordanian women in the IT field is rising and far exceeds that of women in the U.S. and Canada. Indeed, increasing women's participation in computing in Jordan is vital to the economy and to the country's sustainable development.     

钢丝绳隔振器冲击特性试验研究

采用气缸式冲击模拟台对钢丝绳隔振器进行了冲击特性试验研究，介绍了试验系统及测量方法。在比较符合舰船实际冲击环境的情况下，获得了钢丝绳隔振器压缩和拉伸方向完整的特性曲线。试验结果分析表明，钢丝绳隔振器表现出明显的冲击软化现象，其冲击刚度特性小于静刚度和动刚度，而且它具有大阻尼耗能特性，是比较理想的抗冲元件。     

Drivers and consequences of an innovative technology assimilation in the supply chain: cloud computing and supply chain integration

Cloud Computing are innovative technologies that are being applied in the main business functions in the supply chain. This study aims to reveal the determinant factors (drivers and a relevant outcome) of the level of use or assimilation of Cloud Computing in the supply chain. In order to test three hypotheses we conducted an empirical study in 484 companies from sectors in an intermediate position in the supply chain. The data gathering method consisted of a telephone survey using a computerised system (CATI). We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. The empirical study reveals that Advanced Manufacturing Technologies pursuing the internal efficiency of the supply chain (Intra-organisational IT) and IT for capabilities in e-business/e-commerce seeking external connection of the supply chain with other companies (Inter-organisational IT) are drivers of Cloud Computing assimilation. Furthermore, supply chain integration is one of the major consequences of Cloud Computing assimilation in the supply chain.     

华南风化花岗岩劈拉断裂行为的试验与细观模拟研究

为研究不同风化程度花岗岩在劈拉受载下的破损行为,该文对广东从化地区新鲜、微风化、中风化三种风化程度的花岗岩进行微观特征测量及巴西圆盘试验研究。分别基于考虑空间相关特征的随机模型和数字图像技术两种方法实现对岩样细观结构的表征,结合细观参数反演技术,建立反映岩石细观非均质组构特性的颗粒离散元模型,对花岗岩劈拉试验进行数值仿真试验研究。结果表明,随着风化级别的提高,花岗岩中粘结力较强的长石等矿物向粘土矿物转化,结晶强度降低,微孔隙等软弱结构增多,岩石宏观力学性能不断劣化,劈拉破坏由单一裂纹主导转为多条分叉状裂纹,岩样脆性也逐渐减弱。基于两种方法建立的细观随机力学模型仿真结果均表明岩样的劈拉强度随风化级别的提高逐渐降低,与试验结果变化趋势相符,分析得到不同风化花岗岩的劈拉破裂响应特征与试验结果一致,且从细观层面对花岗岩样受劈拉作用的渐进破裂响应提供了深入认识。