FPGA时延故障检测技术研究

随着FPGA器件的应用越来越广泛,FPGA的测试和故障诊断技术得到了广泛重视和研究。FPGA的时延故障是FPGA内部故障中非常重要的一类故障类型,主要包含器件内部逻辑资源时延故障和连线资源时延故障。论文通过分析FPGA的内部结构和时延故障特性,研究FPGA内部逻辑资源时延和连线资源时延故障检测方法。利用Xilinx公司Virtex-Ⅱ系列FPGA完成时延故障检测方法验证,证明了FPGA时延故障检测的可实现性。     

一种用于 FPGA 连线资源测试的配置方法磁

FPGA 在实际应用中,故障发生于互连资源的概率远大于逻辑功能块其他故障概率,因而 FPGA 连线资源测试成为保证其在航空航天等领域高可靠性应用的极为重要的手段,对 FPGA 连线资源进行测试,首先要根据所要测的资源来配置电路。传统的基于 HDL 的配置方法存在待测资源不可控的问题,论文以 Xilinx 公司 Spartan‐3系列 FPGA 连线资源为研究对象,提出了一种基于 XDL 的 FPGA 配置方法,并采用 BIST 测试结构,通过 C ＋＋代码方式生成 XDL 程序,实现对 FPGA 有 CLB 的行列双长线资源、有 CLB 的行列智能型长线资源、无 CLB 的行列双长线资源及无 CLB 行列智能型长线资源的测试,为其它测试配置电路结构的设计及其 xdl 程序编写奠定了基础。     

一种用于FPGA连线资源测试的配置方法

FPGA在实际应用中,故障发生于互连资源的概率远大于逻辑功能块其他故障概率,因而FPGA连线资源测试成为保证其在航空航天等领域高可靠性应用的极为重要的手段,对FPGA连线资源进行测试,首先要根据所要测的资源来配置电路。传统的基于HDL的配置方法存在待测资源不可控的问题,论文以Xilinx公司Spartan-3系列FPGA连线资源为研究对象,提出了一种基于XDL的FPGA配置方法,并采用BIST测试结构,通过C++代码方式生成XDL程序,实现对FPGA有CLB的行列双长线资源、有CLB的行列智能型长线资源、无CLB的行列双长线资源及无CLB行列智能型长线资源的测试,为其它测试配置电路结构的设计及其xdl程序编写奠定了基础。     

FPGA逻辑资源测试遍历方法

随着FPGA/CPLD器件在各种重要领域的应用,使得此类器件的可靠性引起了器件生产厂商和用户的重视。通过对FPGA内部逻辑资源遍历的方法进行详细阐述,提出了一种高故障测试覆盖率的遍历方法。     

基于BIST的动态可重构FPGA的时延故障测试方法

FPGA市场已经进入极速发展时代,不同的销售商已向市场投入更多更快的FPGA器件。随着FPGA器件的迅速发展,FP-GA的密度和复杂程度也越来越高,使大量的故障难以使用传统方法进行测试,因此,对FPGA器件的故障测试和故障诊断方法进行更全面的研究具有重要意义。为此重点研究了动态重构FPGA及其基本结构、特点;在此基础上探讨了基于BIST技术的FPGA时延故障测试方法,并成功应用于Lattice ORCA 2C系列FPGA中。实验证明,该BIST方法是可行且有效的,并且不需要昂贵的ATE设备。     

基于FPGA的电路板自动测试技术研究

军用电子装备中含FPGA器件的电路板的测试诊断一般采用边界扫描技术、Ⅵ曲线测试技术以及边界扫描和外部输入矢量相结合的方法;边界扫描技术无法进行外围器件的测试;Ⅵ曲线测试技术由于不能测试器件的逻辑功能及内部节点,故障覆盖率相对不高;边界扫描和外部输入矢量相结合的方法无法判断FPGA器件工作是否正常,因而不能完成整板功能的测试;综合应用ATE技术、VITAL标准和LASAR仿真技术,提出一种含FPGA器件电路板的自动测试思路,解决含FPGA器件电路板的自动测试问题.     

基于DA算法的FIR数字滤波器的FPGA设计

凭借规整的内部逻辑块阵列和丰富的连线资源,FPGA特别适合细粒度和高并行度结构特点的数字信号处理任务。文章提出一种采用分布式算法实现16阶FIR低通滤波器的FPGA设计方法。通过MATLAB提取符合设计指标的参数,采用Verilog HDL描述数字逻辑设计过程,在QuartusⅡ集成开发环境下进行综合,并且在Modelsim中进行实验仿真和验证。     

基于FPGA的毫米波多目标信号形成技术的研究

毫米波多目标信号形成是实现毫米波雷达模拟器的关键技术,要求目标分辨精度高、时延差值达ns级是其显著特点。介绍一种基于可编程逻辑器件FPGA的多目标信号产生的新方法。实践结果表明应用FPGA实现目标之间的时延具有延时精度高、系统可靠性好等特点。     

基子FPGA的毫米波多目标信号形成技术的研究

毫米波多目标信号形成是实现毫米波雷达模拟器的关键技术,要求目标分辨精度高、时延差值达ns级是其显著特点.介绍一种基于可编程逻辑器件FPGA的多目标信号产生的新方法.实践结果表明应用FPGA实现目标之间的时延具有延时精度高、系统可靠性好等特点.     

乘除法和开方运算的FPGA串行实现

高精度的乘除法和开方等数学运算在FPGA实现中往往要消耗大量专用乘法器和逻辑资源.在资源敏感而计算时延要求较低的应用中,以处理时间换取资源的串行运算方法具有广泛的应用价值.本文即给出了采用递推结构的乘除法和开方运算的串行实现方法,该方法具有占用硬件资源少,实现简单的特点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.